Our Cities Blue-Green Infrastructure & Innovative Stormwater Solutions

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1 Source of of image: DE DE URBANISTEN AND AND THE WONDROUS THE WONDROUS WATER WATER SQUARE SQUARE Our Cities Blue-Green Infrastructure & Innovative Stormwater Solutions Misagh Mottaghti, VA-teknik, Lund University

2 Why do we want our cities to be more water resilient? Climate change is believed to become more intense and unexpected in the future. Sea level rise, Storms and Rainfalls increase (up to 20 % rainfall increase by 2100 in northern Europe during the winter). Location and recent experiences Megatrends Population growth, urbanization, Denser cities and the consequences of climate change (in % of the world population will live in cities) The fact that our cities are not ready to deal with these changes and existing infrastructure needs adapting to new conditions. Global Decline in Biodiversity due to the human activities Etc. - UN

3 People Solid waste Green & blue space ICT Waste water Energy Climate adaptation Water Supply Transport Cities and challenges By Kees van Leeuwen

4 River Peak Discharge Sea Level Rise Urban Drainage Flood Flooding Flood Subsidence Heat Island Effect Heat Risk Water-related environmental pressures Water Scarcity Fresh Water Scarcity Ground Water Scarcity Salinization & Seawater Intrusion Biodiversity Water Quality Surface water Quality EEA, European Environmental Agency Report

5 Urban Water Management Transitions Framework, by Rebekah Brown

6 Flood in Peru Flood in China Flood in Germany Flood in the UK Flood in Sweden Flood in Brazil Flood in Denmark Flood in Pakistan Flood in the Netherlands Flood in Italy Flood in the US

7 Cities are getting denser and we do not have enough space for more underground facilities.

8 30% evapotranspiration 55% run-off 10% surface infiltration 5% soil infiltration

9 30% evapotranspiration 55% run-off 10% surface infiltration 5% soil infiltration OUR CITIES NEED: Less and slower runoff More infiltration More evapotranspiration

10 Apparently we need to look for new solutions Source: Urban green-blue grids for sustainable and dynamic cities Multifunctional Spaces + Multifunctional Urban Drainage systems INTEGRATED Urban Design & Drainage Techniques Above and under the ground should work together

11 Gardens in walled cities Green ring Green slabs Development of green areas in cities

12 Gardens in walled cities Green ring Green slabs Green-Blue grids

13 Green-Blue grids Improved biodiversity Energy production from biomass and water Food production Climate adaptation Social and societal importance Improved air quality Heat alleviation etc.

14 Sustainable urban drainage not only makes the water visible in the urban environment but also in the design of sustainable drainage facilities a variety of other aspects is considered. Source: BLUE-GREEN FINGERPRINTS IN THE CITY OF MALMÖ

15 Indicator Commitment s to climate change Climate change adaptation measures Climaterobust buildings Attractivenes s Management and action plans Rotterdam Amsterdam Hamburg Copenhagen Malmo Evaluation of the sustainability of urban water cycle services (UWCS) City Blueprint baseline assessment

16 vegetated roofs (moss/sedum) infiltration on lawns permeable paving rain gardens local ponds etc. permeable paving green filter Strips rain gardens surfaces especially prepared for temporary flooding Ponds etc. swales ditches/creeks canals etc. large ponds Wetlands lakes etc. Source: BLUE-GREEN FINGERPRINTS IN THE CITY OF MALMÖ

17 The city divided into 7 water catchment areas Adding a new infrastructure (Blue-Green) 7 water catchment plans Copenhagen Top-Down Approach

18 Solution Typologies Source: Cloudburst Management in Copenhagen

19 Case: COMBINED STORMWATER ROAD AND DETENTION AREA IN RYPARKEN Case: COMBINED DETENTION ELEMENTS IN DE GAMLES BY Case: SANKT ANNE PLADS Case: COMBINED STORMWATER AND DETENTION ROAD ON JYLLINGEVE Source: Cloudburst Management in Copenhagen

20 Netherlands National Delta Program City in the water Water in the city

21 Multi-layer safety approach 1- Prevention 2-Sustainable spatial design 3-Crisis management 3 2 1

22 Rotterdam s Transition Process Towards a resilient city

23 Rotterdam Top-Down Approach Buildings Public Networks Transport Infrastructure Urban Environment Vital Amenities Water System Public Space Strategy focused on the functioning of the city RAS Approach 1. Robust system: maintain and strengthen 2. Adaptation: make use of public space 3. Cooperation and linking in 4. Added value for environment, society, economy and ecology Rotterdam climate change adaptation strategy

24 Watersquare Benthemplein on a dry and sunny day after a heavy rainfall Source: during a cloudburst

25 Rainfall 20 of Feb 2015 Going towards water innovative solutions starts with understanding gravity, sometimes I am really surprised how designers tend not to react to the natural forces of gravity. It is very simple WATER GOES DOWN! Florian Boer Architect of Watersquare Benthemplein

26 Roof Park, Rotterdam

27 South park, Rotterdam

28 Museumpark Garage, Rotterdam

29 Floating Pavilion, Rotterdam

30 Amsterdam Bottom-Up Approach

31 Water Resilient Amsterdam Amsterdam Bottom-Up Approach

32 Polderdak, Amsterdam

33 Erasmusgracht, Amsterdam

34 Waternet, Amsterdam Source: Urban green-blue grids for sustainable and dynamic cities

35 Floating Houses, IJBURG Pavements, IJBURG

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38 The drainage systems will be overloaded while the urban runoff has more volume than the predicted

39 Dagvattenstrategi for Malmo

40 brown field garden designed by the Swedish landscape architect Mårten Setterblad A herb garden, designed by the Swedish landscape architect Pär Söderblom Overview of the settlement of Augustenborg Augustenborg EcoCity Mini-wetland at the concrete canal in the upper section of the Central Drainage Corridor All excess water from the green roofs is collected in an open drainage canal The swale in the lower part of the Lönngatan Drainage Corridor Source: BLUE-GREEN FINGERPRINTS IN THE CITY OF MALMÖ

41 Photo by Henrik Thorén Integrated Design, Storm water Ecological techniques Rainfall 31 of August 2014

42 By Salar Haghighatafshar When I bought my apartment I didn t know that pool was included in the price! an owner in Blekingsborg

43 Source: Urban green-blue grids for sustainable and dynamic cities EEA, European Environmental Agency Report 2012 Annex II Green/blue urban area % Stockholm 57.9 Goteborg 55.5 Lund 53.5 Malmo: 49.3 Amsterdam 34.9 Rotterdam 33.6 Hamburg 25.6 Berlin 28 Copenhagen 20.1 Arhus 26.5 Odense 31 We need to design the landscape in a more adaptive way.

44 We need to collect the water locally Malmo Top-Down Approach Malmo Bottom-Up Approach...OR...

45 The city needs sponges And each sponge means a combination of solutions

46 + More integration with green infrastructure Solutions needs to work with green spaces

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49 Eslöv Kristianstad Indicator Commitment s to climate change Climate change adaptation measures Climaterobust buildings Attractivenes s Management and action plans Eslöv Kristianstad Helsingborg Helsingborg Malmö Within the process we can learn more from each other

50 EVERY DROP COUNTS Thank You!

51 WORKSHOP QUESTIONS: -Do open storm water solutions differ from else where here is Sweden? -How can storm water drainage solutions increase the attractiveness of cities? -Storing may be a part of the plan for handling storm water run-off. What could the stored water be used for? -How can increased infiltration/delayed run-off of storm water be arranged in an existing urban environment?