Biodiversity Action Plan (LUBAP) Review and update

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1 Loughborough University Biodiversity Action Plan (LUBAP) Review and update

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3 BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY OBJECTIVES OF LUBAP TIMESCALE, MONITORING AND REVIEW X X X X HABITATS ON THE CAMPUS Broadleaved Woodland 8 Individual Trees 10 Hedgerows 12 Grassland 14 Watercourses 16 Ponds and Wetlands 17 Holywell Farm and Associated Buildings 21 New Building and Other Structures 21 X SPECIES Badger Bats Birds Hedgehog Reptiles, Amphibians, Terrestrial Invertebrates CONCLUSIONS APPENDICES X x x x x x X X Loughborough Ecologists 1

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5 BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN INTRODUCTION In 2009, Loughborough University produced its first Biodiversity Action Plan (LUBAP) as part of its Sustainability Agenda, which outlines the University s commitment to environmental sustainability and the way in which the campus is managed. The LUBAP is designed to ensure that biodiversity becomes an integral part of the day to day running of the University. This review and update, in effect the second LUBAP, is in line with the 2009 LUBAP recommendation to carry out monitoring and review every five years. Since 2009 numerous changes have taken place on the campus. Now covering 437 acres, the wider campus has seen the demolition of many buildings in the East Park area together with a notable expansion in new building in the Village Park and East Park areas on the main campus and on the Sport Park and new Science and Enterprise Park (SEP) to the west. There has been a considerable increase in recreational facilities on the western side of the campus. At the time of writing, an Ecological Management Plan (EMP) is being finalised for the SEP. Loughborough University has begun the development of the SEP to the west of the main campus on an area south of the A512 Ashby Road and east of Snell s Nook Lane, Loughborough. The EMP has been produced to ensure that biodiversity is fully integrated into the future development of the SEP. The plan identifies features of ecological interest and how they should be conserved and enhanced to the benefit of the species associated with them. It also encourages the creation of natural habitats and innovative thinking in the use of buildings and other structures to create new habitats. This latest LUBAP will cover the main campus and will incorporate and adopt in general, the aims, targets and monitoring recommendations outlined in the EMP. The main campus for the purposes of the LUBAP is defined as the area of the University west of the SEP, Holywell Wood, Holywell Farm and Burleigh Wood. The layout of this second LUBAP has been changed to reflect the layout of the EMP. The intention is to ensure a continuity of understanding of the biodiversity issues common throughout the wider campus. The differences between the EMP and LUBAP are consistent with the as yet mostly undeveloped SEP and the highly developed nature of the main campus. Of necessity however, much of the wording of the 2009 LUBAP has been changed to bring it up to-date and reflect the need for new targets and objectives. The SEP is in the initial stages of development with the majority of land still in agricultural use and future design of the SEP still in its infancy. This contrasts with the highly developed nature of the main campus where there will be the need for ecological management particular to this developed habitat. To avoid potential difficulties of interpretation of the ecological management of the main campus and the SEP it has been decided not to amalgamate the EMP and LUBAP. The EMP can be found under policy on the sustainability web page here It should be borne in mind that similar habitat on the main campus and the SEP e.g. woodland or ponds may have different wildlife management imperatives. This is particularly relevant where the boundaries of the main campus meet the boundaries of the SEP. It is essential therefore that both the LUBAP and EMP are consulted before undertaking any development in these boundary areas. In last five years, ecological surveys recommended in the 2009 LUBAP have been carried out along with similar surveys associated with demolition works and new building projects. These surveys and other relevant documents are contained in Appendix 1. The LUBAP provides an evaluation of the status of habitats and species present on the main campus in relation to both the United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP) and the Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland Biodiversity Action Plan (LLRBAP) and identifies key objectives for maintaining and enhancing biodiversity. It should be noted that there are a number of statutory constraints present within the campus. These are habitats and species that are afforded protection by law. Some examples are the two areas of ancient woodland, the bat roost within Holywell Cottage, badger setts across the campus and a healthy bat population. The University acknowledges that these features must be retained and species protected as part of any future development strategy or management plan. In certain instances, primary legislation also requires that buffers are provided around statutory constraints so as to protect and preserve them from the impacts of new development. So these will, in effect, become mandatory and obligatory requirements of the Plan. 3

6 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY The 1994 UKBAP set out a strategy for implementing the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) which was signed by the UK at the Rio Earth Summit in The CBD was the first treaty to provide a legal framework for biodiversity conservation and called for the creation and enforcement of national strategies and action plans to conserve, protect and enhance biological diversity. The UK Biodiversity Steering Group was created in 1994 and established the framework for identifying species and habitats of conservation concern. The aim of the national UK Biodiversity Action Plan, which includes action plans for the UK s most threatened species and habitat plans for the most vulnerable, was to focus conservation efforts towards the highest UK priorities. In addition to national priorities and targets, the UKBAP also includes action at the local level: Local Biodiversity Action Plans. The aim of the LLRBAP is to identify local priorities and determine the contribution they can make to the delivery of the national Species and Habitat Action Plan targets. The future development of the main campus comes at a time when biodiversity in the UK is under many threats. In the last 50 years, 97% of wildflower meadows have been lost. The State of Nature Report (2013) estimated that two thirds of wildlife species have declined in the last 20 years. The Wildlife Trusts issued their report on Local Wildlife Sites (Secret Places: Status of Local Wildlife Sites (2014) which recognised that Local Wildlife Sites act as buffers, stepping stones and corridors in the wider landscape. The role and importance of Local Wildlife Sites is also recognised and protected under the National Planning and Policy Framework for England (2012). Declines in bee populations in the UK resulted in the government issuing The National Pollinator Strategy (Nov 2014) to conserve and increase the numbers of 1500 pollinator species such as bees, butterflies, moths and hoverflies. The main thrust of the Strategy is to expand food, shelter and nest sites for pollinators across all types of land by sowing more flower rich area, reduce cutting of hedgerows and reduce the use of pesticides. At the time of writing, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds is campaigning with other conservation groups to bring about legislation in the form of a Nature and Wellbeing Act to ensure that nature conservation is written into every aspect of our lives 4

7 BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN OBJECTIVES OF THE LUBAP The key objectives of the LUBAP are: To enhance the quality of life for staff and students, making Loughborough University a desirable place to live, work and study; To utilise Biodiversity as a valuable teaching resource. Opportunities for under and postgraduate research projects will be created. This will provide students studying environmental based courses with the opportunity to gain practical experience and fulfils the desired demonstrator campus ethos; To establish potential links with industry through work experience and mentoring for those students studying environmental based courses; To comply with Section 40 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (2006) requiring public bodies to conserve biodiversity through both conservation and enhancement; To establish wider community links and benefits. The University has initiated links with the local community and organisations such as local wildlife groups, and helped increase awareness of the natural environment; To identify opportunities to raise and widen the profile of the University; To enhance biodiversity now, for future generations; To provide the University with the opportunity to link with and complement the LLRBAP, making a real contribution to biodiversity. The ultimate aim in developing the LUBAP is to conserve and enhance biodiversity and to realise the wider benefits that this brings. In line with the recommendations of the 2009 LUBAP this has been achieved through a strategic approach that first evaluates the current ecological resource and reviews current management practices; this is then followed by a process of engaging stakeholders including the university staff and student body, as well as local wildlife groups in setting and owning specific and achievable objectives for the Campus. Enhancing biodiversity on Campus does not have to be complicated or costly. Biodiversity gains can be made and built upon through relatively simple adjustments to existing management practices. 5

8 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY TIMESCALE, MONITORING AND REVIEW The LUBAP is divided into habitat types and species/species groups. These have been chosen based on the current wildlife value of the site and its biodiversity potential and with reference to the LLRBAP and UKBAP. The LUBAP seeks therefore to not only to complement what is being achieved locally to enhance biodiversity but also recognise relevant wildlife concerns at a national level. Advice on how to achieve the targets is presented and needs to be integrated with the day-to-day running of the campus together with specific site-enhancement recommendations. The targets for the various habitats and species included have been based upon the current status of the habitat or species on the campus and the potential for enhancement. In general a five year timescale is considered appropriate for achieving many of the biodiversity enhancement measures. The LUBAP is a dynamic, working document and should be subject to monitoring and review at least every 5 years. This allows the LUBAP to develop as targets are met, or be refined and adapted to meet the evolving needs of the University. Monitoring of actions to meet targets is fundamental to the long-term success of the LUBAP. Monitoring also provides the ideal opportunity for wider community involvement. The Biodiversity Working Group has already been established and includes the University s Sustainability Manager; representatives from the Grounds Maintenance and Facilities Management; Students Union; academic staff and the local Wildlife Trust. Over the last five years events have been arranged to involve the local community such as Fruit Route events, bat walks, moth nights and other wildlife events making the University a local wildlife focal point. In 2014, a series of leaflets on wildflowers, butterflies, wasps, hoverflies and bats were produced and made available across the campus to stimulate interest and encourage the recording of wildlife by staff and students. Conscious of the importance of bees and their role in pollination, an apiary has been established by the side of the Burleigh Brook in the west of the campus. After only a few years there are now six colonies with a healthy population of bees. Some surveys of specific habitats and species have been undertaken. More detailed surveys are required for birds, reptiles and invertebrates. Subsequent monitoring needs to appraise the actions taken in respect of general ecological management of the main campus and those specific to development works on the site. Objectives and Targets and Action to Meet Targets have been set out in the main body of the LUBAP to identify ecological works and surveys needed to achieve a fully integrated biodiversity plan in conjunction with the future development of the main campus. The following headings have been used under Objectives and Targets and Action to Meet Targets to categorise the ecological works and surveys: : Required to comply with legislation or statutory planning. Obligatory: Considered essential to conserve existing biodiversity. Important requirements that the Council or others will expect the University to deliver as part of a wider strategy for the protection of features and habitats of ecological and biodiversity value within the site. : Considered important in maintaining existing biodiversity and assumes compliance where possible but acknowledges that necessary development of the site will impose restraints on achieving total compliance. Design Ambitions: Desirable actions which will enhance and increase biodiversity in line with LUBAP and other University policies. A link is provided to the Biodiversity Strategy Plan. It will provide a useful and visual breakdown of the main content of the LUBAP. However, reference should always be made to the more detailed LUBAP to ensure compliance with the aims of this document. Several references have been consulted in the preparation of this plan and they are listed in the Appendices. These include commissioned surveys, similar ecological plans drawn up by Exeter, Lancaster and York Universities and a survey carried out by Charnwood Borough Council in Links have also been provided to internet sites giving advice on various forms of ecological management and enhancement. These links should not be regarded as comprehensive and will need reviewing at the time of future revision of the LUBAP. 6

9 BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN HABITATS ON THE CAMPUS The total University campus including two ancient woodlands and the nascent Science and Enterprise Park, is approximately 437 acres in area. The main campus comprises predominately amenity grassland, buildings and hardstanding. The majority of amenity grassland is being managed as sports pitches. Despite the pressures of being a modern working campus and the intensive management often required to maintain it as such, there are nonetheless, areas of wildlife interest. These include broad-leaved woodlands, ponds, brooks, hedgerows and mature trees. The 2009 LUBAP, argued that the biodiversity value of the campus was limited as the majority of the nonbuilt landscape comprises closely mown, amenity grassland with low species diversity. It acknowledged however that through appropriate management of the non-built landscape, biodiversity could be enhanced, encouraged and extended throughout the campus. This challenge has been taken up in the last five years and much has been achieved and many of the recommendations of the first LUBAP have been met. Buildings and drainage features such as SuDs can now be designed to incorporate features that add interest for biodiversity rather than seen as a hostile environment for wildlife. As such the built environment represents a new habitat and has been included in this BAP. BROADLEAVED WOODLAND Woodland provides an important habitat for a variety of flora and fauna. Even small areas of woodland can support a diverse range of plant and animal species offering good cover for mammals, breeding birds, reptiles and amphibians. It provides a breeding habitat for birds, badgers, a bat roosting habitat and a terrestrial habitat for amphibians. Dead wood and other woodland microhabitats are also a very important habitat for invertebrates. As well as their importance for wildlife, woodlands are highly valued in terms of recreation, relaxation and education. Adjacent to the main campus are two significant areas of woodland, Holywell Wood (6.7ha) and Burleigh Wood (8.5ha). Both woodlands are included in the Leicestershire Inventory of Ancient Woodland and are also Local Wildlife Sites. As recommended in the 2009 LUBAP, the woodlands have been the subject of several ecological surveys confirming their importance for broadleaved trees, shrubs, bats, birds, badgers, butterflies, moths and fungi. Horseshoe Wood, a plantation broadleaved woodland, provides a vital physical connection between the two woods thereby increasing the value of both for wildlife. This value is further increased by the connectivity of the woodlands to an extensive network of hedges and tributaries or corridors of the Burleigh Brook. A Woodland Management Plan has been produced for the two woods in order to meet the objectives and targets set out in the 2009 LUBAP. The boundary of Burleigh Wood has recently been extended westwards with new planting of a range of local tree species. Spaces in between the trees will be left to colonise naturally including, hopefully, species from the original woodland. The woodlands require not only appropriate management to maintain their attractiveness to wildlife but also protection from the impact of nearby development. Changes in the water table and an increase in light pollution due to adjacent development can significantly impact on the biodiversity of the woodlands. Protection of the integrity of the woodlands is paramount as is their existing connectivity to the surrounding landscape. The majority of deciduous woodland on the main campus is confined to a narrow strip along the four arms of the Burleigh Brook. Alders (Alnus glutinosa) and crack willows (Salix fragilis) occur directly beside the stream, with occasional mature pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur) present on the slightly drier soil above the watercourse. Ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) are quite common. The brook is an important wildlife corridor. This has been recognised by additional planting along side the brook as part of the development of the new Stadium and new Victory Hall in the south-western corner of the main campus. There are many copses or lines of often mature trees throughout the main campus. These can be considered as small woodlands. They have value in themselves but are particularly attractive to wildlife when connected to other features of ecological interest e.g. hedgerows. The University has a policy of planting fruit trees as part of its fruit route and eat your campus initiatives. New copses in the form of informal orchards has been created on campus by the planting of fruit trees particularly in areas near the Library and Burleigh Court. Refurbishment of the Falkner Eggington halls of residence included new tree planting. Proposals to develop the East Park area of the campus near the Towers building include additional tree planting and the creation of a wildflower meadow. When completed this will effectively extend the area of the Burleigh Court Conservation Area increasing its attractiveness to wildlife. 7

10 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP Broadleaved woodland is included under all three plans. Objectives and Targets The integrity of Burleigh and Holywell Woods to be maintained and protected. The integrity of the connectivity between the woodlands and Burleigh Brook corridors to be maintained for the benefit of wildlife; Increase the number of fruit trees planted on the campus. Action to Meet Targets Burleigh and Holywell Woods to be protected as directed in the EMP. Continue to manage the woodlands as directed in The Woodland Management Plan for Burleigh and Holywell Woods; Planting fruit trees to be included in landscaping schemes. Monitoring Revision of the Woodland Management Plan every 5 years to report on progress; Report on the status of the Burleigh Brook corridors every 5 years. INDIVIDUAL TREES There are many mature tress scattered around the main campus. The University Strategy Plan documents the location of these trees. Mature trees provide a valuable habitat for invertebrates, birds and potential roosting opportunities for bats as well as being aesthetically pleasing. Their value to wildlife is enhanced by their presence in wildlife corridors such as hedgerows and brook corridors and they in turn increase the value of the corridor itself. Following the recommendations of the 2009 LUBAP, a bat transect survey was conducted on the main campus in 2012 and bird and bat boxes are placed on trees as the occasion arises. The condition of mature trees on the Campus is assessed by a qualified arborist and damaged trees removed only if they pose a health and safety risk. Construction and maintenance work on campus can and does impact on trees. Failure to adhere to the University s Tree Protection Strategy, particularly with regard to the severance of root systems, has lead to the loss of some mature trees. New tree planting whilst welcome can never provide the overall habitat and micro niches available in a mature tree which many specialist invertebrates in particular require. In the last 5 years approximately 4 mature and 35 semi mature trees have been lost to development. This compares to the planting of 600 feathered and standard trees together with 10,000 whips. Surveys undertaken on the University campus in 2011 identified the rarely recorded Hornet Moth on Poplar tree species. Landscape maintenance now includes removing vegetation from around the base of Poplar tree species to facilitate their use by the Hornet Moth. In 2015, Poplar trees, with recorded Hornet Moth on the site of the proposed STEM Lab development, were removed and replanted in a safe location to protect any maturing larvae. Landscaping schemes and replacement planting on the campus offer the opportunity to plant Poplar tree species to aid the distribution of the Hornet Moth. UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP There is no equivalent habitat plan in the UKBAP but mature trees are listed in the LLRBAP and LUBAP. LLRBAP has a action plan for Black Poplar. Objectives and Targets Trees under threat must be surveyed for bats and nesting birds. Conserve and protect all mature trees; Plant new specimen trees; Plant Poplar tree species. Action to Meet Targets Carry out surveys for bats and birds on trees threatened by works. Obligatory Mature trees to be identified; Works in close proximity to trees to follow the University s Tree Protection Strategy. Log piles from felled trees to be placed in suitable locations (light and shade to benefit invertebrates); Replacement of felled trees should utilise native species which are characteristic of the local area. 8

11 BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN Design Ambition Development of the campus to avoid impacting mature trees; Identify areas of the campus where large specimen trees such as Oak and Black Poplar can be planted and allowed to grow to full maturity; Include Poplar tree species in landscaping schemes. Monitoring Every 5 years revision of LUBAP to report on status of mature trees and planting of specimen trees. HEDGEROWS Hedgerows are of wildlife interest in themselves but their value to biodiversity is dependent on their species composition and management and their links or connectivity with other wildlife habitats. There are hedgerows or hedge lines of tree and shrubs on the main campus but most are confined to the boundaries of the campus. Those hedgerows inside the main campus are often of varying length with little connectivity with other features of wildlife interest and often contain non native species. Some of the hedgerows, particularly on the perimeter of the campus, act as wildlife corridors being used by badger and muntjac deer. The hedges and associated trees provide food for birds and bats as well as potential shelter, nesting and roosting places. Depending on the species present and their age, hedgerows can be an excellent habitat for invertebrates. Ground flora however is usually poor, probably as a result of frequent mowing too close to the base of the hedge. The true wildlife value of the hedgerows is further suppressed by frequent cutting and trimming. Hedgerows are of most value to wildlife if they have good height and depth and are allowed to flower and fruit. Additional planting of trees and wildflowers/grass margins would significantly increase the wildlife value of the hedgerows. UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP The UKBAP, LLRBAP and LUBAP has a plan for all types of hedgerows. Objectives and Targets Trees under threat must be surveyed for bats and nesting birds; Hedgerows under threat must be surveyed for nesting birds. Obligatory Any loss of hedgerow due to development to be compensated for by new planting to reduce the impact of lost of connectivity; Increase the depth of margins to hedges to add diversity and wildlife value. Maintain the network of existing hedges and increase their connectivity; Hedges to be maintained on a rotational basis to improve their wildlife value; Improve wildlife value of hedges; Avoid loss of sections of hedgerow with standard trees. Actions to Meet Targets Carry out surveys on trees for bats and birds threatened by works. Obligatory Additional planting with native species to fill gaps in hedges; To conserve and enhance insect fauna there will be an assumption against the use of pesticides; Works in close proximity to trees to follow the University s Tree Protection Strategy. Trees allowed to grow to standard size; Hedges subject to a rotational management of 3-5 years; Leave a margins of at least 1m either side of hedges uncut and preferably sown with native wildflower and grasses mix; Log piles from felled trees to be placed in suitable locations (light and shade to benefit invertebrates); Look to include the planting of hedgerows in landscaping schemes and join to existing wildlife features to achieve connectivity. Monitoring Hedges and new planting surveyed every 5 years as part of on going evolvement of LUBAP. 9

12 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY GRASSLAND Most of the amenity grassland on campus is species-poor and dominated by a small number of grass species. They often have a high input of fertilisers and selective herbicides and are regularly mown. The biodiversity value of these grasslands is low and they support a very limited fauna. Aside from the large areas of recreational grassland, which require specialist management, there are numerous smaller patches of grassland at frequent intervals all over the main campus. All require regular maintenance but offer little in the way of wildlife value or aesthetic appeal. The 2009 LUBAP recognised that opportunities exist for the creation of more species-rich grassland/wildflower areas. Work has already been started on wildflower seeding in areas such as Holywell Park and the edge of Holywell Wood. To the south of Burleigh Court an area of steep grassland adjoining a small copse has been left un-mown thereby increasing the wildlife value of both habitats. The future development of the East Park area of campus includes wildflower planting to complement tree planting near to the Butler Court Nature Reserve. Planting of spring bulbs has been carried out at several locations. There are numerous other locations on campus where similar seeding/ planting and reduced maintenance will aid biodiversity. Sign posting and interpretive boards explaining the objective of creating wildflower areas and increasing biodiversity have been erected to ally fears of the apparent lack of maintenance and untidiness e.g. East Link Wildflower Area. Creating grassland/wildflower areas where there is a minimum of maintenance does not detract from the well-maintained image of the main campus and adds to interest and aesthetic appeal. Linking new areas of species rich grassland with existing wildlife features will increase connectivity and add to overall biodiversity on the campus. This would have particular benefit for wildlife and people in intensively built up areas such as Village Park. The 2009 LUBAP recommended obtaining a species list of grasses for the grassland adjacent to Ashby Road. This area, which sits outside the boundary fencing of the main campus between an arm of the Burleigh Brook and Ashby Road is becoming overgrown with willow trees. As such, it effectively increases the size of the Burleigh Brook corridor adding to its wildlife value. This area is therefore no longer classed as grassland for the purposes of the LUBAP. UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP Grassland of the type found on the main campus is not included in the UKBAP or LLRBAP. They are identified in the LUBAP with the intention of converting to wildflower grassland. Objectives and Targets Reduce maintenance of existing areas of frequently maintained grassland to encourage more species of grasses; Increase the number of small wildflower patches on the main campus; Continue to create larger areas of wildflower grassland to increase biodiversity and attract a range of invertebrates; An assumption against the use of herbicides; Increase the extent of wildflower planting in landscaping associated with specific development works. Actions to Meet Targets A margin of long grassland should be left alongside linear features such as ditches; Hedges and should be mown no more frequently than every 2-3 years to prevent scrub developing; Identify areas of species poor, non recreational grassland that can be subject to reduced maintenance or re-seeded as wildflower patches; Reduce or eliminate the use of herbicides; Landscaping associated with specific building projects to include wildflower planting. Monitoring Monitor landscaping proposals to ensure success of wildflower planting. WATERCOURSES Four arms of the Burleigh Brook flow west to east across the main campus. The northern arm, initially the Shortcliff Brook, emerges from under the Ashby Road at Sports Park. It joins a tributary flowing to the north of Holywell Wood at the West Entrance before joining the main brook system downstream of the West Entrance. Two tributaries flowing passed Holywell Farm disgorge into the pond outside the Sir Denis Rooke Building. The outflow from the pond then joins a tributary flowing from the east to the rear of the Stadium and new Victory Hall. This enlarged tributary then also joins the main brook system downstream of the West Entrance. At this confluence of all four tributaries the Burleigh Brook becomes a single watercourse running along the northern edge of the campus and parallel with the Ashby Road. The previous Senior Ecologist at Charnwood Borough Council considered that the brook corridor qualifies as a Local Wildlife Site. It is understood that Charnwood Borough Council regard habitats that qualify for Local Wildlife 10

13 BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN Site status as Local Wildlife Sites and are therefore afforded protection in planning. All of these tributaries of the Burleigh Brook act as wildlife corridors and surveys have shown that they are used by bat, birds and badgers. They are the natural habitat for a range of aquatic invertebrates and fish. A rare caddis fly, (Tinodes pallidulus), has been recorded in the UK only on the Burleigh Brook and nearby Woodbrook. The immediate proximity of hedges and trees on their banks increases their value to birds, bats, badgers, amphibians and terrestrial invertebrates. The connectivity of these brook corridors with the woodlands and the network of hedges on the wider campus further enhances their wildlife value. UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP Although there is no equivalent in the UKBAP, Fast Flowing Streams are listed in the LLRBAP and watercourses are identified as important habitats in the LUBAP. Objectives and Targets Conserve and enhance the brook corridors formed by the four tributaries. Actions to Meet Targets Obligatory Plant trees, shrubs and wildflowers to extend the width of the corridors particularly if works are planned in the vicinity of the corridors. Ensure that any planned works make the least impact on the brook corridors. Design Ambition Plant standard trees either side of works that impact on brook corridors so that in time the trees will form a canopy over the corridor re-establishing a degree of connectivity. Monitoring All brook corridors to be surveyed every 5 years. PONDS AND WETLANDS Ponds are a valuable wildlife habitat for a variety of plants, insects and amphibians. They also provide valuable feeding sites for birds and bats. The creation of ponds is probably the easiest means of increasing biodiversity in an area. They can be created quickly and are equally quickly found by many of the early colonisers of this type of habitat. Siting ponds at intervals around the main campus that are linked to other habitat features will provide habitat for wildlife and enjoyment for people. They can be sited close to buildings or pedestrian and cycle ways to add interest. There are a number of ponds on the main campus but their biodiversity value varies considerably. Recommendations (20009 LUBAP) to restore and improve the nature conservation value of the Butler Court pond have been undertaken. The wildlife value of this pond is increased by surrounding terrestrial habitat in the form of a wildflower meadow and being inside the Butler Court Nature Reserve. The wildlife value will be further enhanced by additional planting as a result of proposed development at East Park. Of particular value to biodiversity is the pond to the south of Oakwood Drive. This pond has established marginal and aquatic vegetation, providing cover and food for invertebrates and amphibians. Of equal importance is the adjacent terrestrial vegetation as many organisms such as amphibians and aquatic insects develop in water then move on to land as adults. This pond also sits immediately to the north of the Burleigh Brook and 50m downstream of Holywell Wood. This combination of habitats in a single corridor makes it particularly attractive to wildlife. Apart from regularly breeding Moorhen, Frogs, Common or Smooth Newt and a variety of dragonflies have been recorded at the pond. On the south side of Burleigh Brook opposite the pond on Oakwood Drive is an area of fen or swamp at the corner of Oakwood Drive. This area is used as a balancing pond and is periodically waterlogged. It is currently choked with Bulrush and with occasional Goat Willow. It has potential to be attractive to invertebrates and therefore of interest to birds and bats as a feeding habitat as well as a possible nesting area for birds. Bat surveys have not recorded activity here but invertebrate surveys would help determine future management of the site. Between G Block and the Chemistry Building is a concrete pond which has ornamental varieties of aquatic vegetation and resident Koi carp. This pleasant but seemingly unattractive habitat for wildlife has nevertheless recorded bats feeding on insects over the pond. A small lined pond with a fountain lies to the rear of the imago Sales Office. It currently has little aquatic vegetation and a few Koi carp. It is shaded by trees and is of limited value to wildlife. A raised, shallow concrete pond lies immediately to the west of the new Design School on East Park. 11

14 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY Aeration fountains are being used to oxygenate the water to reduce an algal problem. The pond has little to offer aesthetically or in the way of wildlife value. This situation can be remedied by the introduction of aquatic plants in pots. This will vastly improve the look of the pond and begin to encourage colonisation of the pond by invertebrates. A large pond in front of the Sir Denis Rooke Building on Holywell Park is a formal water feature who s wildlife value is limited by its design. Two large fountains are used to aerate the pond which is rapidly silting up. The steep sides limit aquatic vegetation to the fringes and provide shelter for huge numbers of Stickleback fish that are likely to be reducing the wildlife potential of the pond. Frog tadpoles have been recorded. Mallard and Heron are seen on the pond. Daubenton s bat have been recorded occasionally feeding over the pond away from the fountains. There are proposals to de-silt the pond. This should bring the pond temporarily back to a more natural state and a distinct improvement in its wildlife potential. The pond is however built online i.e. the brook flows directly into pond. Silting up will inevitably occur again. This course of events will only be prevented either by diverting the brook course and having the pond off-line thereby significantly reducing the input of silt from the brook or a revised system of discharge from the pond that allows silt to move through the pond and continue naturally downstream. The creation of additional ponds on the campus would add to biodiversity as well as provide an aesthetically pleasing environment for staff and students. The wildlife value of the ponds would be considerably increased by being placed close to features like hedges and trees and wildlife corridors. Such ponds should preferably be constructed from natural materials but can still have a value if artificially lined or made from concrete. These ponds need not necessarily be constructed in isolation but can utilise grey water run off from buildings and be incorporated into SuDs systems and thus be fitted to new buildings and retro fitted to existing buildings (see New Construction Section). Whilst a large pond has the potential to provide a greater variety of habitats and attract more wildlife, small ponds have a very distinct wildlife value and are infinitely preferable to no ponds at all. When the 2009 LUBAP was prepared it was not known if the European protected Great Crested Newt was on the campus. Surveys carried out by Loughborough Ecologists and Matt Hill, PhD student, on the campus ponds and further afield have not recorded Great Crested Newt. UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP The UKBAP has very specific requirements for high quality ponds only. LLRBAP and LUBAP have plans for ponds. Objectives and Targets Determine the invertebrate value of the fen/swamp at Oakwood Drive. The creation of ponds to be built into future development on campus; Ponds to be retro fitted into existing development. Actions to Meet Targets Undertake invertebrate surveys of the fen/swamp at Oakcroft Drive. Obligatory Ponds to be planted up with native marginal and aquatic plants. The landscaping of new buildings to incorporate a pond; Investigate where ponds could be retro fitted into existing development. Design Ambition Establish ponds close to people activity areas. Monitoring Survey ponds and wetlands every 5 years to ensure that they are not becoming overgrown and/or dominated by a limited range of species or any invasive species; Ponds to be surveyed for amphibians and aquatic invertebrates every 5 years. HOLYWELL FARM AND ASSOCIATED BUILDINGS Assumed to form part of the future development of the SEP. Ecological management recommendations for this area of land are contained in the EMP. 12

15 BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN NEW BUILDING AND OTHER STRUCTURES Buildings A considerable number of buildings and other artificial structures exist on the main campus. During the course of the development new structures will be introduced such as buildings, car parks, SuDs systems and associated lighting. Whether retro fitting to existing structures or incorporation into new all of these present the opportunity to add to biodiversity by creating habitat attractive to a range of wildlife. Current examples for buildings include green roofs and green walls using plants ranging from small herbs to small trees. Rainwater systems incorporated into the building can be used to water these green structures and any excess run off into ornamental ponds associated with the buildings and on through grass swales or similar to attenuation ponds. Green walls can take many forms. This may be a plant cover grown directly on the building such as Ivy and other creeping plants or fruit trees (apple, pear) grown espalier style. It may take the form of plants in troughs on the roof that hang down or troughs suspended from the walls. Green walls can also be large engineered walls built separately from the building itself and incorporating a variety of planting regimes. A green wall has been planted with climbers to the rear of the new Victory Hall. The rear wall was deliberately left windowless to ensure that lighting did not fall onto the adjacent Burleigh Brook corridor. The green wall will act to break up the outline of the building and provide habitat for insects. Buildings can be used as locations for bat and bird boxes to either sit on/in the walls or be incorporated into green structures. Bat boxes have been erected on Falkner Eggington halls of residence following refurbishment. Grassland areas associated with building design frequently comprise regularly mown amenity grass species of limited biodiversity value. Wildflower meadow mixes add colour and wildlife interest and require less maintenance. In the absence of space for a grassland area built structures can be used to accommodate planting. Concrete containers of various shapes can be used to plant flowers, herbs and small fruit trees. These containers are a particularly useful addition to existing built up areas of the main campus such as the Village Park. Not only does the planting add colour and attractiveness but could be used to grow a renewable food source by staff and students. An often overlooked benefit of building work is the extent to which waste or discarded material can be used to create habitat. Bug hotels or habitat towers made up with layers of pallets, and filled with bricks, old plant material, twigs and pieces of wood make excellent resting and nesting places for amphibians and insects. If necessary these artificial habitats can be discretely hidden amongst landscaping on the site. Car Parking Car parks with permeable surfaces slow down runoff and help with the absorption and breakdown of contaminants. Channelling the runoff into grass swales before entering an attenuation pond adds to the mileage of habitat that can be created. Native trees and shrubs planted in the car parks together with wildflower areas provide habitat features that can be connected to other habitat features in the immediate vicinity of the car park ensuring as much connectivity as possible across the whole of the campus. SuDs Planning authorities require that attenuation systems are put in place to slow down run off, control the volume of rainwater entering watercourses and reduce the incidence of contamination. Green SuDs systems perform these functions. These systems can increase biodiversity and create a pleasant environment for people. Rain runoff can be directed into grass swales, small off-line ponds and other water features prior to entering attenuation ponds. Over a large site such as the main campus these swales and associated features can be designed to literally add thousands of metres of wetland habitats. The attenuation ponds provide significant habitat creation opportunities. With scalloped banks and shelving to increase surface area, variable pond depths and appropriate bank and marginal planting the pond can be designed to perform to engineering requirements and deliver wildlife benefits. Lighting The campus is brightly lit at night with lights remaining on in buildings, car parks, on roads and recreational areas. Artificial light is known to have a deleterious impact on most wildlife. The life strategies of badgers, bats and even insects are known to be disrupted by artificial light. Lighting should be designed to be specific to the area needing to be lit without spillage over a greater area. Lighting columns should be as low as possible with shielding to direct light downwards thereby avoiding scatter. Movement activated lighting should be considered wherever possible as well as reduced intensity of lighting. Night time working often requires that car parking areas remain lit through the night irrespective of the numbers of vehicles in the car park. 13

16 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY Allocation of smaller night time specific parking areas that remain lit at night would allow other areas to remain unlit. Given the area of land devoted to car parking the energy savings from the adoption of a progressive approach to night-time lighting may well prove an added environmental incentive. Permanent areas of darkness will be particularly important in the vicinity of wildlife priority features such as the woodlands, hedgerows, brook corridors, ponds and wetlands. UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP There is no national equivalent for might be termed building landscape. The closest equivalent is the LLRBAP plan specific to all aspects of wildlife and the City of Leicester. Many of the potential habitats and associated wildlife will however by covered by the LUBAP. Objectives and Targets Wildlife priority features such as the woodlands, hedgerows, brook corridors ponds and wetlands to be left unlit. Obligatory Minimise the impact of artificial light on wildlife in the area of planned development. Where Practical Provide structures that can be used to grow flowers, herbs and fruit; Make waste materials available for construction of bug hotels. Action to Meet Targets Design development on the campus to ensure that areas of wildlife priority are unlit. Obligatory All aspects of SuDs systems to be designed to incorporate wildlife habitat; Undertake surveys to identify locations where existing lighting can be modified to reduce spillage on to areas of wildlife priority. The design of all buildings and structures to incorporate features of wildlife interest; The latest lighting technology to be used throughout the campus, both new and old build, to minimise the impact of artificial light on wildlife; Hold competitions between Halls to build the best bug hotel using waste materials. Monitoring Buildings and structures design and construction phases to be monitored throughout to ensure maximum incorporation of wildlife features. Any change to previously agreed wildlife features should be the subject of discussion between the Sustainability and Projects Teams; Surveys for bat activity (every 5 years) to incorporate evaluation of the impact of lighting regimes. Design Ambition All buildings and structures to be regarded as having potential to provide habitat of wildlife interest; Construct wetland features such as swales and attenuation ponds to benefit wildlife. 14

17 BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN SPECIES BADGER Badgers and their setts are fully protected by the Badgers Act There is a very healthy population of badgers in Burleigh and Holywell Woods. Surveys by Loughborough Ecologists in 2014 have recorded badger setts on the main campus and the locations have been mapped. Most of the badger activity is on the perimeter of the main campus. It is recent practice for development projects to incorporate a badger protocol where there are works to take place close to active badger setts. Increased building activity, road building, loss of feeding areas and a significant increase in artificial lighting on the campus is likely to have a negative impact on badger activity. Protection of the woodlands, hedgerows, creation of new feeding habitat and appropriate lighting that respects the needs of wildlife as well as people can go a long way to alleviate that impact. Although badgers typically dig setts in the Autumn and Spring they are perfectly capable of digging a sett anywhere at any time of the year. Regular monitoring of badger activity, particularly the location of active setts, is essential to reduce likelihood of delays in planning development. UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP The legislation protecting badgers primarily concerns their welfare and is not an issue of wildlife conservation. Badgers are present on the campus and as such are a LUBAP species. Objectives and Targets Protection of badgers on the campus; Maintenance of routes used by badgers. Creation of feeding areas that are attractive to badgers. Action to Meet Targets Meet legal requirements for the protection of badgers; Produce Badger Protection Protocols to protect badgers, their setts and access points during development works; Ensure works are badger friendly with no chemicals left out overnight and any pits or trenches are covered or left with a means of escape. Design Ambition Leave untidy corners or spaces such as areas with minimum maintenance or create compost piles away from view. These will be attractive to wildlife including earthworms, the favourite food of badgers. Monitoring Conduct surveys by a qualified ecologist every 5 years or every 2 years if development is impending, of badger activity on the campus. More frequent surveys may be necessary to monitor activity in the area of proposed works. Transpose the survey data on to a map available to Project Officers and other stakeholders showing the presence of setts and badger activity. Ensure compliance with Badger Protection Protocols. BATS All bats and bat roosts are fully protected by European law. Bats are officially recognised as an indicator of the health of our environment (DEFRA 2008). All bats are under threat due to loss of roosts and reduction in suitable habitat for commuting and feeding. Changes in agricultural practices and increasing urbanisation and road building have also severely reduced connectivity of the habitat needed by bats. Many bat species will not tolerate artificial light. Conserving and enhancing bat populations therefore requires an availability of suitable roosts, a connectivity of habitat that supports their insect prey and unlit pathways in which to fly. There is a long standing colony of Brown Long-eared bats and occasional Common Pipistrelle bats at Holywell Cottage on the western edge of the campus. Bat surveys undertaken by Loughborough Ecologists in the vicinity of Burleigh and Holywell Woods show the presence of Common and Soprano Pipistrelle, Brown Long-eared and Noctule bat, Leisler s bat and unidentified Myotid species. Survey evidence suggests that Noctule bats may roost in Holywell Wood. Bats roosting in residential areas close to the campus were observed feeding in Burleigh Wood. Bats not only feed in the Burleigh and Holywell Woods but also along the boundaries of the woods and along the hedgerows and brook corridors. These habitats are also used for commuting to other feeding areas. As recommended by the 2009 LUBAP bat transect surveys were carried out over the main campus in 2012 by Loughborough Ecologists. Common and Soprano Pipistrelle bats, Noctule bats and a possible Whiskered bat were recorded. Daubenton s bat have been recorded over the formal pond in Holywell Park. 15

18 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY These surveys confirmed the importance of connected wildlife corridors such as the Burleigh Brook corridors for bats. From occasional reports of bats seen in buildings on the main campus it is clear that bats can occur in buildings that initially appear unattractive as roost sites. As a result a competent ecologist should be consulted prior to carrying out works on buildings. Several bat boxes have been installed on trees around the campus in the last five years. A variety of bat boxes, bat tubes and bat bricks are available which make it possible to retro fit these artificial roosts to existing buildings as well as incorporate them into new development. Bat boxes have been fitted to buildings in the Falkner Eggington complex. UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP All bats are fully protected by European law. The UKBAP has priority action plans for bats noted on surveys i.e. Brown Long-eared, Noctule and Soprano Pipistrelle bats as well as other not recorded (Barbastelle, Bechstein s and Greater and Lesser Horseshoe Bats). The LLRBAP and LUBAP prioritises all bat species. Objectives and Targets Buildings to be assessed for bat potential prior to works being carried out; Trees to be assessed for bat roost potential prior to works on the tree or close by. Maintain and increase the size of suitable habitat for commuting and feeding. Design Ambition Create new habitat to increase the abundance of insect prey; Increase the availability of roosts. Action to Meet Targets Consult competent ecologist prior to works on buildings or trees. Increase the depth of planting of trees and shrubs along woodland, hedgerows and brook corridors; Build ponds and sow areas of wildflowers; Erect bat boxes on existing trees and buildings and on appropriate new buildings and trees as development of the main campus proceeds. Monitoring Carry out surveys of bat activity every 5 years to inform future management of the main campus; Carry out annual checks on bat boxes. BIRDS All wild birds, their nests and eggs are protected by legislation. Although bird boxes have been erected on trees across the campus no regular bird surveys have been carried out. However a Big Garden Watch by some staff and students in January 2014 recorded 222 birds of 32 different species. Bird records for Burleigh and Holywell Woods confirm that there are a wide range of bird species in the area. The commitment in this plan to manage hedges in a more wildlife friendly way, create a variety of habitats from additional tree planting to wildflower meadows and water features will increase the availability of insects, seeds and nesting potential. This will make the campus even more attractive for birds. Buildings and structures can also be used to provide nesting sites for such species as House Sparrows, House Martins, Swallows and Swifts. All of these species have shown significant decline in numbers in the last few years. Bolt-on nest boxes for these species are readily available. Specially designed nesting walls for Sand Martins, another species in decline, have been successfully installed on nature reserves in Leicestershire and Rutland. UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP The UKBAP has priority action plans for birds that have been recorded on or near the main campus namely, Song Thrush, Linnet, Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Yellowhammer, House Sparrow, Dunnock, Common Bullfinch and Common Starling. The LLRBAP lists Sand Martin, Barn Owl, Redstart and Nightingale as priority species. Many once common species are in decline and as such bird species and their conservation are an integral part of the LUBAP. Objectives and Targets Protect nesting birds. Increase the variety of habitats on the campus that are attractive to birds. 16

19 BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN Actions to Meet Targets Carry out nesting bird surveys prior to works on or close to buildings and trees. Obligatory Carry out bird surveys to determine species using the campus. Undertake habitat conservation and enhancement detailed in this plan; Install bird boxes on existing trees and others as landscaping matures; Take the opportunity to incorporate bird boxes and nesting places into the design of each new building; Erect a Sand Martin nesting block close to a water feature e.g. pond outside Sir Denis Rooke Building. Monitoring Carry out bird surveys every 5 years prior to the revision of the LUBAP to understand the way in which birds are using the campus and to inform future management; Make annual checks of bird boxes. HEDGEHOG The variety of habitats on the campus together with their connectivity to woodland suggests that suitable habitat exists to support a population of hedgehogs. However, when Loughborough Ecologists carried out a hedgehog survey on the main campus in 2014 no hedgehogs were recorded. This result unfortunately echoes the marked decline of this mammal in the UK in the last 20 years. The survey identified that the residential properties on the perimeter of the campus were potential locations for hedgehogs but fencing and other barriers made it difficult for hedgehogs to access the campus. UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP The UKBAP has a priority action plan for hedgehog. There is no such equivalent in the LLRBAP. The LUBAP prioritises habitats like woodland, hedges and wildlife corridors that are attractive to hedgehog. Objectives and Targets Provide suitable habitat to encourage hedgehog. Actions to Meet Targets Obligatory Carry out a hedgehog survey on the campus to determine numbers. Conserve and enhance hedgerows; Leave untidy areas to encourage prey items; Provide log piles and other hedgehog friendly constructions to provide resting and hibernating places. Design Ambition Provide means of safe access to the whole site such as gaps in fencing. Monitoring Carry out a campus wide hedgehog survey every 5 years. REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS, TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES In broad terms reptiles found in this part of the UK require a variety of habitats from dry sunny banks to wetlands and underground borrows for resting and hibernation. Amphibians require still water for breeding but utilise terrestrial habitat for most of the year. Invertebrates can be found in a wide variety of habitats and are a major food source for birds, bats, amphibians and reptiles. Bees, moths, hoverflies and other pollinators perform a vital function in pollinating many plants including some of significant commercial value. No survey for reptiles has been carried out on the main campus. A survey carried out in 2013 (Loughborough Ecologists) in part of the SEP failed to record reptiles but Toads were found under tins close to Holywell Wood. In the same year a survey for amphibians was carried out in ponds within 500m of the SEP. Frogs and Smooth Newts were recorded but no Great Crested Newt. The key to a diverse invertebrate population is a variety of habitats such as woodlands, trees, hedges, ponds, grasslands (dry and wet) and dry sparsely vegetated banks. The implementation of this plan should bring about an increase in invertebrate species. A survey to look for Hornet moth on the campus was carried out in The moth was found on several Poplar tree species in the western quarter of the campus. Moth surveys undertaken in 2015 recorded a number of common species. No campus wide terrestrial invertebrate surveys have been undertaken. 17

20 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY UKBAP, LLRBAP, LUBAP The UKBAP has a priority species action plan for Common Toad. There is no equivalent in the LLRBAP or LUBAP. The LLRBAP has as its main thrust a desire to create sufficient variety of habitat to prove attractive to as many species as possible. The LUBAP has an action plan for ponds and as such this covers part of the life history of Toads, Frogs and Smooth Newts. Objectives and Targets Obligatory Provide a variety of habitats attractive to amphibians, reptiles, terrestrial invertebrates. Carry out recommendations for habitat conservation and enhancement detailed in this plan. In particular, create south facing dry, rocky banks and underground hibernacula. Monitoring Repeat surveys for amphibians, reptiles and terrestrial invertebrates every 5 years prior to revision of the LUBAP to determine diversity of species and inform future management. Actions to Meet Targets Undertake surveys for amphibians, reptiles and terrestrial invertebrates. CONCLUSIONS All targets suggested in the LUBAP should be readily achievable. The LUBAP will help develop the main campus as a valuable wildlife habitat. Regular review of objectives and achievements will allow continuous improvement and a wider awareness by all who use the main campus of the biodiversity interest on the site. It is anticipated that this document will continue to aid the promotion of a fusion between the aesthetic landscape characteristics of the main campus and its biodiversity value, resulting in a desirable and rewarding learning and working environment as well as a valuable ecological resource. The success of the enhancement measures and the forward thinking approach to ecological issues on the main campus will position Loughborough University as an outstanding example of the biodiversity gains that can be achieved for a site such as this. The LUBAP should be used as a tool for the training of Project Managers in the importance of incorporating biodiversity into every stage of development. It can be used as a catalyst to involve staff and students in the planning and evolution of the campus. Encouraging everyone to record sightings of wildlife can add considerably to the enjoyment of working in an environment planned to accommodate academic and business enterprises but landscaped for people and wildlife. Planned events such as a Bioblitz over 24 hrs or less can help to galvanize interest in campus biodiversity as well as add to wildlife records. Engagement with nature can even be experienced at a distance. Subject to agreement with Natural England, cameras can record activity at bird nests and bat roosts and the results made available online for all to enjoy 24 hours a day. The importance of achieving acceptance of the need to protect and enhance biodiversity at all levels of the future development of the main campus can not be overstated. The LUBAP should be updated every 5 years and include an audit detailing the success or otherwise of biodiversity conservation and enhancement. 18

21 ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN APPENDICES 19

22 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY Biodiversity - Strategy Plan HOLYWELL WOOD BURLEIGH WOOD PROTECT, MAINTAIN & MONITOR ENHANCE EXISTING BIODIVERSITY VALUE Broadleaf Woodland Broadleaf Plantation Existing Major Wildlife Corridor - Burleigh Brook Wildlife Corridors Mature / Significant Trees Water Courses and Features Established Hedgerows Existing Hedgerows Ponds with Existing Wildlife Value Existing Site Important to Species CREATE ADDITIONAL BIODIVERSITY Diversify Existing Grassland Corridor Links Cross Campus Opportunity Zone Diversify Field Margins The Holt (HO) 20

23 ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Mature trees with amenity grassland in foreground Fruit route orchard with interpretive board 21

24 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY Line of mature trees with nearby hedgerows 22 Brockington Conservation Area with interpretive board

25 ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Corridor of trees and shrubs connecting with Burleigh Wood Burleigh Brook corridor next to sports pitches connecting with line of trees and new tree planting 23

26 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY Burleigh Brook corridor with the New Victory Hall green wall in background 24 New planting and reduced mowing effectively widening the Burleigh Brook corridor

27 ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN New Victory Hall green wall in its first year 25