URBAN DESIGN, ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING PLANNING FOR A BETTER OUTCOME

Transcription

1 URBAN DESIGN, ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING PLANNING FOR A BETTER OUTCOME PETER EGERTON DISCIPLINE LEAD URBAN DESIGN February 2018

2 DEMYSTIFYING URBAN DESIGN

3 WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN Surveyors created the towns Engineers became town planners Town planners became town planners Architects became master planners Town planners became statutory planners Landscape architects became master planners Master planners began designing new towns What is urban design?

4 WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN

5 WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN Urban design is the process of designing and shaping our cities, towns, suburbs, and spaces. Urban design deals with private spaces, public spaces, streets, neighbourhoods, precincts, towns and entire cities. Urban design is an inter-disciplinary field that utilizes many build form professions and indeed many disciplines, practice in urban design.

6 WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN

7 WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN The practice of urban design requires an understanding of a wide range of subjects from physical geography to social science, and an appreciation of many of the built form disciplines. Urban design is about making connections between people and places, movement and form, nature and the built fabric and often requires the designer to overarch the other disciplines, to extract their optimal value and piece it all together as a coherent and clear master plan to communicate the development industry and the broader community.

8 CURRENT URBAN DESIGN TRENDS

9 TRENDS - THE MISSING MIDDLE Origins of the missing middle: USA The term Missing Middle was coined by Daniel Parolek in 2010 (Opticus), to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types, compatible in scale with a single-family home, that helped meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. These building types provide diverse housing options along a spectrum of affordability, including duplexes, fourplexes, and bungalow courts, to support walkable communities, locally-serving retail, and public transportation options.

10 TRENDS - MISSING MIDDLE (DWELLINGS) Who: Singles, childless couples, and empty nesters have two things in common. They are growing in number, and they want a unique type of home. Millennials - Young, highly educated, technology-driven members of the population desire mobile, walkable lifestyles. Baby Boomers - Baby Boomers are working and living longer, and they want to stay mobile and active in their later years. For Diverse Households and Incomes - The 21st century household no longer necessarily consists of a father, a mother, and two point five children. A greater number of households consist of older empty nesters, millennials who are putting off traditional marriage and family longer than ever, single parents, non-traditional families, and the physically handicapped who are able to live independently thanks to modern technology. For Walkable Neighborhoods - Missing Middle housing types succeed best within a walkable environment where there is less demand for off-street parking. A variety of building densities offer enough dwellings to support public transit, and safe streets that feature easy access to shops, services, and cultural amenities that help to build a strong sense of community.

11 TRENDS - MISSING MIDDLE (DWELLINGS)

12 TRENDS - MISSING MIDDLE (DWELLINGS) Where: All residential zones salt n pepper Distributed throughout a block with single-family homes: Missing middle housing types are spread throughout the block and stand side-by-side with singlefamily detached homes.

13 TRENDS - MISSING MIDDLE (DWELLINGS) Where: All residential zones end block Placed on the end-grain of a single-family block: facing the primary street The most common condition is to have several fourplex units on the end grain lots facing the primary street.

14 TRENDS - MISSING MIDDLE (DWELLINGS) Where: All residential zones behind commercial/transport corridors and adjacent to centres and transport hubs Using a block comprised exclusively of missing middle types to transition to a commercial/transport corridor: Missing Middle housing types is an excellent way to transition from a neighborhood to a corridor with commercial an mixed use buildings.

15 TRENDS - MISSING MIDDLE (DWELLINGS) Where: All residential zones adjacent to higher density housing Using missing middle types to transition from single-family homes to higher-density housing: Smaller-scale missing middle types are placed on a few of the lots that transition for the side street to the primary street, providing a transition in scale to the larger buildings on the end grain of the block along the primary street.

16 TRENDS - MISSING MIDDLE (DWELLINGS) Regulation: no zones form based codes

17 TRENDS - MISSING MIDDLE (DWELLINGS) Regulation: NSW and QLD Design Ideas

18 TRENDS - MISSING MIDDLE (DWELLINGS) Regulation: NSW The NSW Department of Planning and Environment released a discussion paper which looks at the way in which additional housing types can be included as complying development under the State s housing codes policy, State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Codes) 2008 ( the Codes SEPP ). This would establish complying development rules for townhouses, terraces, villas, dual occupancies and manor homes, reducing approval times and costs and delivering greater housing choice.

19 TRENDS - MISSING MIDDLE (DWELLINGS) Regulation: NSW (SEPP changes under consideration) Development resulting in 2 dwellings (dual occupancies) on a single lot with a minimum lot size of 400m2. Development resulting in 3-4 dwellings (manor homes) on a single lot with a minimum lot size of 500m2. Development resulting in 3-10 dwellings on a single lot with a minimum lot size of 600m2 (townhouses/terraces and/or a combination of development types resulting in 3-10 dwellings on a single lot. For example, a dual occupancy and a manor home on the same lot).

20 TRENDS - MISSING MIDDLE (DWELLINGS) Regulation: SEQ Regional Plan The Metro Plan Transport networks

21 TRENDS - DENSITY Density and understanding the terms and outcomes is still important Gross gross density Gross density Gross net density Net density Net Net Density SEQ Regional plan Moreton Bay Regional Council Caboolture West Structure planning area A landowners design The area of residential lots and the area of local roads and parks. or site density (a city block)

22 TRENDS - DENSITY North Lakes, Brisbane Stockland Net Residential Density 14.0 dw/ha (9.0% local park)

23 TRENDS - DENSITY Bells Reach, Sunshine Coast Stockland Net Residential Density 17.9 dw/ha (5.4% local park)

24 TRENDS - DENSITY Subi-Centro, Perth SRA Net Residential Density 20.5 dw/ha (11.2% local park)

25 TRENDS - DENSITY Varsity Lakes, Gold Coast Delfin Lend Lease Net Residential Density 20.7 dw/ha (2.9% local park)

26 TRENDS - DENSITY Sunshine Cove, Sunshine Coast Charden Net Residential Density 23.8 dw/ha (12.0% local park)

27 TRENDS - DENSITY Fitzgibbon Chase, Brisbane EDQ Net Residential Density 26.8 dw/ha Area C NRD 37.9dw/ha (8.0% local park)

28 TRENDS - DENSITY

29 TRENDS - DENSITY

30 TRENDS - DENSITY

31 TRENDS - DENSITY

32 TRENDS - DENSITY

33 TRENDS - DENSITY

34 TRENDS - DENSITY

35 TRENDS - DENSITY Riveredge Bulimba, Brisbane Project Strategies Site Density 90.5 dw/ha

36 TRENDS - DENSITY Emporium, Brisbane Anthony John Group Site Density dw/ha (Five, six and eight storeys)

37 TRENDS - DENSITY The Village at Kelvin Grove, Brisbane Indigo Site Density dw/ha (six and eight)

38 PLANNING SCHEMES & PROVISIONS

39 RULES - LAW / CODES / GUIDELINES Law SEQ Regional Plan, City Plans, Local Area plans and Structure Plans Codes Performance criteria / acceptable solutions Guidelines Rules that are made to be broken?

40 RULES - LAW / CODES / GUIDELINES SEQ Regional Plan, City Plans, Local Area plans and Structure Plans Due to the nature of our political and planning system these have drifted closer to law than to facilitate good outcomes How do we balance the expectations of the community, politicians and government with the flexibility to facilitate, encourage and be brave with our designs The public realm is often the poor cousin to infrastructure, density, and development outcomes yet it is what most outcomes are judged on and effects the livability and acceptance (South Brisbane, Newstead, Bowen Hills, Northshore and the missing centre s on the coasts What is the role of urban deign/masterplanning in these policy settings?

41 RULES - LAW / CODES / GUIDELINES Codes Many urban design principles, ideas, conventions or even fades filter into our codes without a true understanding of their intent or implications Without training in the field of urban design how are our professionals meant to be able to differentiate between acceptable solution and the objectives of a performance criteria? As much as PIA,AIA,AILA and other representatives may have a view on the approach or the codes where is the representative organisation for urban design to provide the overarching vision and represent the public realm

42 RULES - LAW / CODES / GUIDELINES Guidelines/Vision We assist with the creation of many guideline or vision statements, but always include the disclaimer that a profession decision can override the controls This is the benefit of experience and professional practice to effectively make a call on an outcome but how does that fair with community expectation Our best visions our simplest visions that people understand and can adapt like Southbank and its various masterplans or Newfarm/Newstead but our record since these in SEQ is underwhelming

43 RULES - THE 400 METRE CATCHMENT Where did the magic start? The new urbanism ¼ mile has become a staple of town planning in Australia The 400 metre catchment is referenced in most planning documents often in numerous forms either a s structure planning design tool, public realm principle or transport Planning.

44 RULES - THE 400 METRE CATCHMENT A 400 metre catchment equates to hectares. At 15 dw/ha this equates to 750 dwellings or 1,800 people per catchment Local open space provision at 1ha per1,000people requires 1.8 hectares of Local parkland per catchment (Optimal design is closer to 5000sqm)

45 RULES - THE 400 METRE CATCHMENT 1,800 people in one catchment won t support public transport or convenience shopping. 7,200 people in four catchments is unlikely to support public transport or convenience shopping. (3,000 dwellings)

46 RULES - THE 400 METRE CATCHMENT

47 RULES - THE 400 METRE CATCHMENT

48 RULES - ROADS AND THE PUBLIC REALM The big roads are too big and the small roads are too small! Most new communities local and collector roads reach 26%, but when the intensions of increased footpath width, additional bicycle lanes and high trip generation estimates (which assume limited public transport or retail provision) this can increase to 34%. The public realm is getting bigger, but is bigger better? Local, district and city/region provision at 2-3ha/1,000 in SEQ is 4-5ha in a 400m catchment or 9%

49 THANKYOU