A428 Cambourne to Cambridge Better Bus Journeys Landscape and Planning Appraisal Cambridgeshire County Council. January 2017

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1 A428 Cambourne to Cambridge Better Bus Journeys Landscape and Planning Appraisal Cambridgeshire County Council January 2017

2 Notice This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for Cambridgeshire County Council s information and use in relation to the A428 Cambourne to Cambridge Better Bus journeys project. Atkins assumes no responsibility to any other party in respect of or arising out of or in connection with this document and/or its contents. This document has 50 pages including the cover. Document History Job number: Document ref: Landscape and Planning Appraisal Revision Purpose Description Originated Checked Reviewed Authorised Date Rev 1.0 For Issue TB/IL/GW AM/IL IL GW Jan 17 Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

3 Table of contents Chapter Pages 1. Introduction 4 2. Planning Context National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), Local Planning Policy Greater Cambridge City Deal Local Transport Plan for Cambridge and South Cambridgeshire (LTP3) (2015): Transport Strategy for Cambridge and South Cambridgeshire (TSCSC) (2014) Planning Appraisal Design Guidance Cambridgeshire Landscape Guidelines - A Manual for Management and Change in the Rural Landscape South Cambridgeshire District Council District Design Guide Supplementary Planning Document South Cambridgeshire District Council Landscape in New Developments Supplementary Planning Document Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Volume 10, Section 1 New Roads Trees in the Townscape, A Guide for Decision Makers, Trees & Design Action Group Landscape Context Landscape Character Landscape Designations Notable Landscape Features Topography Tranquillity Night Lights Visual Context Approach Viewpoints Key Visual Receptors Recommendations Planning Landscape Design Consultation 49 Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

4 1. Introduction Following the preparation of options assessment work for Cambourne to Cambridge Better Bus Journeys it is recognised that there are a number of landscape and planning sensitivities within and around the corridor including: Its green belt location. Visibility from residential properties and public rights of way. Its position on elevated ground from which prominent buildings within Cambridge are visible. Proximity to conservation areas. Proximity to the American Cemetery which is a Grade I Registered Park and Garden. Relevant design guidance to be considered as the project progresses. This report on the relative constraints, opportunities and sensitivities provided by the landscape, as well as a summary of planning policy requirements in relation to the area: Provides context for the decisions made to date. Informs future design decisions. Supports future public consultation. Provides a baseline against which design options could be assessed. The landscape and visual context has been undertaken using a methodology that follows current published guidance including: Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (GLVIA), 3rd Edition: Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (2013). Interim Advice Note 135/10, Landscape and Visual Effects Assessment, Highways Agency (2010). Photography and photomontage in landscape and visual impact assessment: Landscape Institute Advice Note 01/11 (2011). This landscape and visual context sections of this report examine the existing baseline conditions of the landscape and its character and visual amenity for people within the landscape. Interim Advice Note 135/10 has been used as a reference as it sets out the requirements for the assessment and reporting of the effects highway projects on landscape character and on views from sensitive visual receptors. This is directly applicable to the type of linear development being proposed for this project. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

5 2. Planning Context The following section provides a planning policy review of pertinent national and local planning policy to be considered as part of the Cambourne to Cambridge Better Bus Journeys Scheme. The review is based upon the study area shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L The Scheme falls within the administrative areas of both Cambridge City Council and South Cambridgeshire District Council National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), 2012 The NPPF sets out the government s requirements for the planning system, and is the basis from which local authorities and communities will develop their local plans. Where local development plans are out of date and do not accord with the NPPF, planning permission is likely to be granted unless any adverse impacts of doing so would significantly and demonstrably outweigh the benefits of the proposal. The following elements of the NPPF are of particular relevance to the proposed Scheme: Building a Strong, Competitive Economy paragraph 21: Where lack of infrastructure is a barrier to economic growth, this should be addressed in local plans and opportunities for provision identified. Local authorities are expected to plan positively for the location, promotion and expansion of clusters or networks of knowledge driven, creative or high technology industries and identify priority areas for [ ] infrastructure provision and environmental enhancement. Promoting Sustainable Transport paragraphs: (29) Potential sites which can be used for widening the choice of transport, and which have suitable supporting evidence for this, should be identified and protected in local plans. The transport system needs to be balanced in favour of sustainable transport modes, giving people a real choice about how they travel. (30) Sustainable modes of transport are supported. Encouragement should be given to solutions which support reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and reduce congestion. (31) Local authorities should develop strategies for the provision of viable infrastructure necessary to support sustainable development. This includes major generators of travel demand in their areas. (35) Plans should protect and exploit opportunities for the use of sustainable transport modes for the movement of goods or people. (41) Local authorities will identify and protect sites and routes which could be critical in developing infrastructure to widen transport choice. Requiring Good Design paragraph (65): Infrastructure provision which is sustainable in nature should not be refused due to concerns about compatibility with the existing townscape, where those concerns have been mitigated by good design. It will however be refused if this concern relates to a designated heritage asset and where there development is likely to cause material damage to the asset or its setting and where this is not outweighed by the proposal s economic, social and environmental benefits. Protecting Green Belt Land paragraph (90): Local infrastructure can be provided in the green belt, provided it can demonstrate a requirement for a Green Belt location and if they preserve the openness of the Green Belt and do not conflict with the purposes of including land in Green Belt. Paragraph 90 states that some forms of development, including local transport infrastructure that can demonstrate a requirement for a Green Belt location are not considered inappropriate if they preserve the openness of the Green Belt and do not conflict with the purposes of the designation. The location of Green Belt land within the study area is shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change paragraphs: (95) To support the move to a low carbon future, local planning authorities should: plan for new development in locations and ways which reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (99) New development should be planned to avoid increased vulnerability to the range of impacts arising from climate change including flood risk, changes to biodiversity and landscape. Where development is approved in vulnerable areas, the risks should be managed to reduce vulnerability. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

6 (100) Inappropriate development in areas at risk of flooding should be avoided by directing development away from areas at highest risk, but where development is necessary, making it safe without increasing flood risk elsewhere Development should not be allocated or permitted if there are reasonably available sites appropriate for the proposed development in areas with a lower probability of flooding. Conserving and enhancing the natural environment paragraphs: (110) The aim of local plans is to minimise pollution and other adverse effects on the local and natural environment. (112) When a development proposal involves the use of agricultural land, the local authorities should seek to use areas of poorer quality land in preference to that of a higher quality. (113) International, national and locally designated sites which protect wildlife or geodiversity sites or landscape areas will be protected with measures in-line with their status. Proposals for development affecting these areas will be measured against criteria based policies set out by local authorities. (118) Proposed developments will be refused if significant harm to biodiversity cannot be avoided, ( ) adequately mitigated, or ( ) compensated for. Developments which will affect Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) will not normally be permitted unless the benefit of the development clearly outweighs the impacts on the SSSI and the national network of SSSI s. The same approach is taken for irreplaceable habitats such as ancient woodland, and the loss of aged or veteran trees, Special protection areas and possible special areas of conservation, listed or proposed Ramsar sites and where development requiring appropriate assessment under the Birds or Habitats Directives is being considered, planned or determined. (121) Planning decisions will take into account site suitability including ground conditions and land instability and any proposals for mitigation. A site investigation ( ) prepared by a competent person should be presented. (123) Planning decisions should aim to avoid noise from giving rise to significant adverse impacts on health and quality of life as a result of new development; mitigate and reduce to a minimum other adverse impacts on health and quality of life arising from noise from new development, including through the use of conditions. Conserving and enhancing the historic environment (126) Heritage assets are conserved in a manner appropriate to their significance. (132) Local development plans will give great weight to the asset s conservation. Developments which cause Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional. (134) Where a development proposal will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal, including securing its optimum viable use. (135) The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. Decision will be taken on the level of direct or indirect harm caused. (139) Non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest that are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled monuments, should be considered subject to the policies for designated heritage assets Local Planning Policy The Scheme falls within two planning authorities; Cambridge City Council and South Cambridgeshire District Council and together these have produced the Transport Strategy for Cambridge and South Cambridgeshire (TSCSC). The following section identifies the policies from the local plans and the transport strategy most relevant to this Scheme. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

7 The Cambridge Development Plan Cambridge Local Plan (2006) (saved policies) The current adopted development plan for Cambridge City Council is the Cambridge Local Plan, 2006 and is the principle document guiding development in Cambridge. It will continue to be used until the emerging development plan (2014) is adopted. Before this point, the NPPF 2012 will be increasingly used to guide decision making. The Cambridge Local Plan policies cover a broad spectrum including housing, environment and economy. The following are policies relevant to the Scheme: Policy 3/1 Sustainable Development: Where major development is proposed, developers should complete the Council's Sustainable Development Checklist and prepare a Sustainability Statement and submit both with the planning application. A major development is defined in this policy as a development with a site area of 0.5 hectares or more. Policy 3/2 Setting of the City: Development will only be permitted on the urban edge if it conserves or enhances the setting and special character of Cambridge and the biodiversity, connectivity and amenity of the urban edge is improved. Policy 3/3 Safeguarding Environmental Character: Development will be permitted if it respects and enhances the distinctive character and quality of areas identified in the Cambridge Landscape Character Assessment. Developments should respond to their context and key characteristics including wildlife, natural features and landscape. Policy 3/4 Responding to context: Developments will be permitted which demonstrate that they have responded to their context. Developments will: a. identify and respond positively to existing features of natural, historic or local character on and close to the proposed development site; b. be well connected to, and integrated with, the immediate locality and the wider City; and c. have used the characteristics of the locality to help inform the siting, massing, design and materials of the proposed development. Policy 3/7 Creating successful places: Development will be permitted which demonstrates that it is designed to provide attractive, high quality, accessible, stimulating, socially inclusive and safe living and working environments. Factors to be taken into account include: a comprehensive design approach which achieves good interrelations and integrations between buildings, routes and spaces; designs which avoid the threat or perceived threat of crime, avoid insecurity and neglect and contribute to improving community safety; and the use of high quality traditional and modern materials, finishes and street furniture suitable to their location and context. Policy 4/1 Green Belt: There is a presumption against inappropriate development in the Cambridge Green Belt as defined on the Proposals Map Developments in the Green Belt must show the special circumstances to justify development. Proposals that will increase public access, improve amenity and enhance biodiversity will be supported. Policy 4/2 Protection of Open Space: Green Belt is classified as open space within this policy. Development that negatively impacts the character of, or leads to the loss of, open space of environmental and/or recreational importance will not be permitted unless it can be satisfactorily replaced elsewhere and the site is not important for environmental reasons. Policy 4/3 Safeguarding Features of Amenity or Nature Conservation Value: Development proposals should seek to enhance features of the landscape which are of importance for amenity or nature conservation. Development resulting in adverse effects on or loss of those features will not be permitted unless this is unavoidable and there are demonstrable and overriding wider public benefits. Where damaging development is permitted, the Council will require: a. mitigation measures to minimise the adverse effects; b. reinstatement or equivalent replacement of the feature affected; and c. proposals for long term management. Policy 4/4 Trees: Where a proposal involves the felling, significant surgery or potential root damage to trees of amenity or other value, developments will only be permitted where they have demonstrable public benefits accruing from the proposal which outweigh the current and future amenity value of the trees. In this case replacement planting will be sought wherever possible. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

8 Policy 4/8 Local Biodiversity Action Plans: Rare or vulnerable habitats identified in Cambridgeshire's Local Biodiversity Action Plans, and habitats which support species identified in those Plans, will be protected from harmful development. Such development will not be permitted unless the need for it outweighs the harmful effects. Policy 4/9 Scheduled Ancient Monuments/Archaeological Areas: Needs to be considered if there is likely to be archaeological remains or ancient monuments on the site. Policy 4/10 Listed Buildings: Development affecting Listed Buildings and their settings, including changes of use, will not be permitted unless it meets a number of requirements including: it is demonstrated that there is a clear understanding of the building's importance; the proposed works will not harm any aspects of the building's special interest or the impacts can be mitigated to an acceptable level; or where there will be an impact on the building's special interest, this is the least damaging of the potential options and there are clear benefits for the structure, interest or use of the building or a wider public benefit. 4/11 Conservation Areas: Developments within, or which affect the setting of or impact on views into and out of Conservation Areas, will only be permitted subject to a number of considerations. 4/15 Lighting: Development proposals which include new external lighting or changes to existing external lighting, should provide details of the lighting Scheme demonstrating that: a. it is the minimum required to undertake the task, taking into account public safety and crime prevention; b. light spillage is minimised; c. it minimises impact to residential amenity; and d it minimises impact to wildlife and the landscape, particularly at sites on the edge of the City. Policy 7/6 West Cambridge, South of Madingley Road: This policy identifies a Proposals Site (reference 7.06 West Cambridge Site). Development for University needs will be permitted. Policy 7/7 College and University of Cambridge Staff and Student Housing: Sites suitable for the development of student hostels or affordable or special needs housing for the Colleges and University staff are identified in the Proposals Schedule and on the Proposals Map. This includes site reference 7.09 Grange Farm off Wilberforce Road. Permission will be granted subject to a number of considerations. 8/1 Spatial Location of Development: For non-residential proposals likely to attract a large number of trips, applicants should demonstrate that the location is the most suitable with regard to access by public transport, cycling and walking. 8/2 Transport Impact: Developments will only be permitted where they do not have an unacceptable transport impact. Proposals must include sufficient information in order for the likely impact to be assessed. 8/4 Walking and Cycling Accessibility To support walking and cycling, all development will be designed to: a. give priority for these modes over cars; b. ensure maximum convenience for these modes; c. be accessible to those with impaired mobility; and d. link with the surrounding walking and cycling network. Policy 8/8 Land for Public Transport: land which is identified as being suitable for public transport should be safeguarded. Particularly, priority measures are vital to free buses from other traffic, together with improved enforcement, especially on major radial routes identified in the Local Transport Plan. 8/11 New Roads Any proposed road must: a. be designed to give high priority to the needs of pedestrians and cyclists, including safety; b. restrict through-access for general motor traffic where possible; c. minimise additional car traffic in the surrounding area; and d. be acceptable to the Highway Authority in all other respects. Policy 10/1 Infrastructure Improvements: developments which directly improve ( ) physical and community infrastructure will be permitted including transport. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

9 Emerging plans and guidance for Cambridge Cambridge Local Plan 2014: Proposed Submission The Cambridge City Local Plan was submitted for examination following public consultation in 2014 but has not yet been adopted. It is expected that this will be adopted in Although not yet adopted, policy within this document may be a material consideration in the development control process. The following emerging policies may be of particular relevance to the Proposed Scheme: Policy 4: The Cambridge Green Belt: The extent of the Cambridge Green Belt within the administrative area of Cambridge City Council is set out on the policies map. New development in the Green Belt will not be approved except in very special circumstances, in line with Green Belt policy in the National Planning Policy Framework. Policy 5: Strategic Transport Infrastructure: Development proposals must be consistent with and contribute to the implementation of the transport strategies and priorities set out in the Cambridgeshire Local Transport Plan (LTP) and the Transport Strategy for Cambridge and South Cambridgeshire (TSCSC). Cambridge City Council, Cambridgeshire County Council and developers will work together to achieve the objectives and implement the Cambridge-specific proposals in the LTP and the TSCSC, with particular emphasis on securing modal shift and the greater use of more sustainable forms of transport. In addition, Cambridge City Council will work with partners to support the implementation of transport Schemes that will improve linkages across the region and by doing so increase the use of sustainable transport modes to get to and from Cambridge. Policy 18: West Cambridge Area of Major Change: Development of this area will be permitted in line with the existing planning permissions. Policy 46: Development of student housing: Proposals for new student accommodation will be permitted if they meet various criteria. The loss of existing student accommodation will be resisted unless adequate replacement accommodation is provided or it is demonstrated that the facility no longer caters for current or future needs. Policy 61: Conservation and enhancement of Cambridge s historic environment: Seeks the conservation and enhancement of Cambridge s historic environment. Policy 67: Protection of open space: Development proposals will not be permitted which would harm the character of, or lead to the loss of, open space of environmental and/or recreational importance. Policy 69: Protection of sites of local nature conservation importance: Seeks to minimise harm that may arise form development. Policy 80: Supporting sustainable access to development: Development will be supported where it demonstrates that prioritisation of access is by walking, cycling and public transport, and is accessible for all. This will be achieved, inter alia, by ensuring major developments on the edge of the city and in the urban extensions are supported by high quality public transport linking them to Cambridge s City Centre and major centres of employment. The public transport links should be within walking and cycling travel distance of the development Adopted Development Plan for South Cambridgeshire District Council The Adopted Development Plan for South Cambridgeshire is a suite of documents including the Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Minerals and Waste Plan and the South Cambridgeshire Local Development Framework (LDF). The LDF itself is comprised of a number of documents, all of which were adopted between 2007 and Included in this is the Core Strategy DPD (2007) and the Development Control Policies DPD (2007). Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

10 South Cambridgeshire District Council Core Strategy DPD (2007) The Core Strategy sets out the overall approach to development in the district and sets out policies relating to the Cambridge Green Belt. POLICY ST/1 Green Belt will be of relevance to the Proposed Scheme. This policy states that A Green Belt will be maintained around Cambridge which will define the extent of the urban area. The detailed boundaries of the Green Belt will be established in Development Plan Documents South Cambridgeshire District Council Development Control Policies DPD (2007) The Development Control Policies DPD is intended to guide decisions on planning applications within South Cambridgeshire. A number of policies contained within this document are likely to be of relevance to the determination of the Proposed Scheme. A review of the Adopted Proposals Map has shown the following site specific policies in the vicinity of the Proposed Scheme: Policy GB/1 Development in the Green Belt and Policy GB/2 Mitigating the Impact of Development in the Green Belt: The types of development allowed in the Green Belt now refer to those in the NPPF (not the National Planning Policy Guidance 2 as suggested which is now redundant). Developments that are permitted must mitigate any negative impacts resulting from the development. Policy GB/3 Mitigating the Impact of Development Adjoining the Green Belt: Where development proposals are in the vicinity of the Green Belt, account will be taken of any adverse impact on the Green Belt. Development on the edges of settlements which are surrounded by the Green Belt must include careful landscaping and design measures of a high quality in order to protect the purposes of the Green Belt. Policy GB/5 Recreation in the Green Belt: Proposals for the use of the Green Belt for increased or enhanced opportunities for access to the open countryside and which provide opportunities for outdoor sport and recreation, appropriate to the Green Belt, will be encouraged where it will not harm the objectives of the Green Belt. Policy NE/4 Landscape Character Areas: Development will only be permitted where it respects and retains or enhances the local character and distinctiveness of the individual Landscape Character Area in which is it located. Policy NE/6 Biodiversity: and Policy NE/7 Sites of Biodiversity or Geological Importance: New developments should aim to maintain, enhance, restore or add to biodiversity. Protected species and habitats have extra safeguarding against potentially harmful developments. Policy NE/11 Flood Risk: developments will be judged against national policy. Policy NE/17 Protecting High Quality Agricultural Land: New developments must not lead to irreversible loss of Grades 1, 2 or 3a agricultural land unless sustainability considerations and the need for the development override the need to protect the agricultural value of the land. Policy CH/1 Historic Landscapes: development which would adversely affect or lead to the loss of important areas and features of the historic landscape will not be permitted. Policy CH/2 Archaeological Sites: Where there is deemed to be archaeological potential ( ) an archaeological evaluation will need to be carried out. Mitigation measures will need to be provided to avoid unnecessary damage. POLICY CH/4 Development: Within the Curtilage or Setting of a Listed Building Planning permission will not be granted for development which would adversely affect the curtilage or wider setting of a Listed Building. Policy CH/5 Conservation Areas: Planning applications for development proposals (including applications for Conservation Area Consent for demolitions) in or affecting Conservation Areas will be determined in accordance with legislative provisions and national policy (currently in PPG15) and guidance contained in specific Conservation Area Appraisals (where they exist) and the District Design Guide. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

11 Policy CH/6 Protected Village Amenity Areas: Development will not be permitted within or adjacent to Protected Village Amenity Areas if it would have an adverse impact on the character, amenity, tranquillity or function of the village. Policy CH/7 Important Countryside Frontages: Important Countryside Frontages are defined where land with a strong countryside character either: penetrates or sweeps into the built-up area providing a significant connection between the street scene and the surrounding rural area; or provides an important rural break between two nearby but detached parts of a village framework. Planning permission for development will be refused if it would compromise these purposes. Policy TR/1 Planning for more Sustainable Travel: The council seeks to secure integrated, sustainable modes of travel in-line with the Local Transport Plan (LTP). Policy SF/8 Lord's Bridge Radio Telescope: The majority of the proposed site lies in Lords Bridge Consultation Area. The policy states that development proposals that could adversely affect the operation of the Mullard Radio Observatory at Lord s Bridge will be subject to consultation with the University of Cambridge, and account will be taken of the risk of interference to the equipment being used at the Observatory. Planning permission will be refused where interference would be caused that could not be overcome by conditions or by the use of planning obligations. Policy DP/7 Development Frameworks: Restricts development outside urban and village frameworks. Only development for agriculture, horticulture, forestry, outdoor recreation and other uses which need to be located in the countryside will permitted. Development and redevelopment of unallocated land and buildings within development frameworks can be permitted subject to conditions. In addition to these site specific policies, the following general policies of this DPD are likely to be relevant to the Proposed Scheme s determination: Policy DP/1 Sustainable Development: all development must comply with the principles of sustainable development and major development required to submit sustainability assessment. Policy DP/2 Design of New Development: This sets out overarching design principles for all development to ensure high quality development in context to the surroundings. Policy DP/3 Development Criteria: Sets out requirements for provision of incidental elements of a development proposal including the need for appropriate access from the highway network, enhanced public and community transport and cycling and pedestrian infrastructure, and safe and convenient access for all to public buildings and spaces, and to public transport, including those with limited mobility or those with other impairment such as of sight or hearing. The policy also calls for the screened storage and collection of refuse, including recyclable materials, and a Scheme layout that minimises opportunities for crime. The policy states that planning permission will not be granted where the proposed development would have an unacceptable adverse impact on a range of considerations including residential amenity, village character, the countryside and landscape, or the best and most versatile agricultural land. Policy DP/6 Construction Methods: Sets out construction requirements intended to reduce adverse impacts upon the local environment and amenity during construction. Policy NE/9 Water and Drainage Infrastructure: Planning permission will not be granted where there is inadequate water supply, sewerage or land drainage systems available to meet the demands of the development unless there is an agreed phasing agreement between the developer and the relevant service provider to ensure the provision of the necessary infrastructure. POLICY NE/14 Lighting Proposals: Sets out controls on the use of external lighting to ensure that lighting meets acceptable standards. POLICY NE/15 Noise Pollution: Planning permission will not be granted for development which has unacceptable impacts. POLICY TR/3 Mitigating Travel Impact: New developments will be required to mitigate their travel impact, including their environmental impact, such as noise, pollution and impact on amenity and health. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

12 For proposals for 'major development' or where a proposal is likely to have 'significant transport implications' the Council will require developers to submit a Transport Assessment and Travel Plan. POLICY TR/4 Non-motorised Modes: The District Council will use its planning powers to support increased use of non-motorised modes by all sectors of society, including cycle use and walking, and ensure that individual developments contribute to the maximum possible extent to achieving the aims of the Local Transport Plan Site Specific Policies Development Plan Document (January 2010) The Local Development Framework contains a number of site specific policies, including allocations for housing and employment development, or safeguarding land for transport infrastructure. One of these Site Specific Policies, Policy SP/4 Cambourne Approved Masterplan and Design Guide, may be relevant to this Scheme are. This Policy states that Development at Cambourne will accord with the approved Masterplan and Design Guide (and approved revisions thereof) Emerging plans and guidance for South Cambridgeshire Emerging South Cambridgeshire Local Plan The emerging South Cambridgeshire Local Plan (2013) was submitted to the Planning Inspector in March 2014, but needed to address some queries raised by the Planning Inspectors. Proposed alterations have been submitted in March 2016 and are awaiting consideration. Until such time as the South Cambridge Local Plan is adopted (anticipated to be adopted in 2017) the Local Development Framework (LDF) (2007) remains the Development Plan, however emerging policies may be considered as a material consideration when determining applications. There are two key differences in site specific policy between the emerging and adopted Local Plan. New site specific policies area proposed towards the western extend of the Proposed Scheme, at and around Cambourne and the Bourn Airfield. These are shown on the Proposed Submissions Policies Map (July 2013). They are: Policy SS/6: New Village at Bourn Airfield: Bourn Airfield is allocated for the development of a new village of approximately 3,500 dwellings. An Area Action Plan (AAP) will be prepared by the Council for the area shown on the Policies Map to guide development of the site. The new village will comprise: Employment development, to include the existing ThyssenKrupp site; shops, services, leisure and other town centre uses; smaller local centres; community services and facilities, including health, primary school and secondary school education; open space, sports and leisure facilities; and significant Improvements in Public Transport, including a segregated bus link from Cambourne to Bourn Airfield new village across the Broadway, and on through the development to the junction of the St Neots Road with Highfields Road. Policy NH/12: Local Green Space: Local Green Space identified on the Policies Map will be protected from development that would adversely impact on the character and particular local significance placed on such green areas which make them valued by their local community. Only in exceptional circumstances and in discussion with the local community would development be permitted Greater Cambridge City Deal The Greater Cambridge City Deal is an agreement between local organisations and central government, which aims to improve economic growth and quality of life in the area. Its aim is to bring in 1bn worth of investment and streamline this into transport, homes and employment. Its transport vision includes reducing traffic congestion and providing more sustainable transport options. The Schemes identified within the City Deal are from the Local Transport Plan. The Cambourne to Cambridge better bus journeys Scheme is identified as a key transport project. It is split into two sections referred to as: Area 1: Madingley Mulch roundabout to Cambridge and Area 2: Cambourne Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

13 to Madingley Mulch roundabout. Area 1 falls within Tranche One of the City Deal transport programme and Area 2 within Tranche Two Local Transport Plan for Cambridge and South Cambridgeshire (LTP3) (2015): This is the third local transport plan for Cambridge and South Cambridgeshire and covers the period (it was updated in 2014). The LTP3 sets out the overarching issues and strategy, upon which the local transport strategies and policies (e.g. Transport Strategy for Cambridge and South Cambridge) are based. It identifies 8 challenges, of which the following directly relate to this proposal: Challenge 1: Improving the reliability of journey times by managing demand for road space, where appropriate and maximising the capacity and efficiency of the existing network. Challenge 2: Reducing the length of the commute and the need to travel by private car. Challenge 3: Making sustainable modes of transport a viable and attractive alternative to the private car. Challenge 7: Protecting and enhancing the natural environment by minimising the environmental impact of transport. The Plan states that: as part of the Transport Strategy for Cambridge and South Cambridgeshire, we plan to expand or relocate some of the existing sites. In addition, we will provide new sites targeted at providing travel options for residents of the major new settlements that are planned in the county, such as at Bourn Airfield / Cambourne West and at Waterbeach New Town. All of our Park & Ride sites offer high quality cycle parking and we will increase the amount of cycle parking provided where needed Transport Strategy for Cambridge and South Cambridgeshire (TSCSC) (2014) This document sets out Cambridge City Council s and South Cambridgeshire District Council s agreed strategy for transport until It is complementary to the Local Transport Plan, and is capable of being a material consideration in planning decisions. It is described as a business plan detailing how we will deliver the LTP3 Strategy. The following policies from the TSCSC are relevant to this Scheme: Policy TSCSC 1 The strategy approach: The transport network will support economic growth, mitigate the transport impacts of the growth agenda and help protect the area s distinctive character and environment. Transport will be provided between key employment areas, housing and services. The backbone of the strategy will be a high quality passenger transport network of bus, guided bus and rail services, fed and complemented by comprehensive pedestrian and cycle networks. Policy TSCSC 2 Catering for travel demand in Cambridge: This policy aims to increase the capacity of the transport network. More people will walk, cycle and use passenger transport services for journeys into, out of and within the city. Policy TSCSC 6: Transport Assessments: Transport Assessments (TA) will be required to support any planning application that produces a net increase of approximately 500 person trips (by all transport modes) per day. Policy TSCSC 7 Supporting sustainable growth: Transport developments need to provide the capacity necessary to accommodate planned growth levels while protecting the area s distinctive character and environment. New development will be required to make provision for integrated and improved transport infrastructure to ensure that most people have the ability to travel by foot, bicycle or by passenger transport and in line with specified modal split targets where relevant. Orbital bus movements will be prioritised. Policy TSCSC 8 Improving bus services: The County Council will work with partners and passenger transport operators to develop an improved and integrated network of High Quality Passenger Transport (HQPT). The County Council will use existing channels, such as the Quality Bus Partnership to raise standards and monitor service provision. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

14 Policy TSCSC 9: Access to jobs and services: Access to areas of employment and key services will be maximised, particularly by sustainable modes of travel, to: - Provide a transport network that is efficient and effective - Provide good accessibility to services and for businesses - Provide a high quality public transport and cycle network to routes near major employment, education and service centres Policy TSCSC 12: Encouraging cycling and walking: Where feasible, pedestrian and cycle facilities will be provided alongside HQPT and new road infrastructure (citing the Busway facilities as a standard example). Policy TSCSC 13: Provision of new highway capacity: Where feasible, pedestrian and cycle facilities will be provided alongside new road infrastructure (citing the Busway facilities as a standard example). Policy TSCSC 17: Air quality: The County Council will work with partners to ensure that passenger transport operators use increasingly clean fleets and monitor air quality and implement Air Quality Action Plans where relevant to ensure agreed targets are met. Policy TSCSC 18: Protecting the environment The County Council will work with key partners including transport operators and businesses to reduce transport related emissions, to help protect and enhance the area s distinctive character and environment, while supporting sustainable growth. Policy TSCSC 19: Carbon emissions The County Council will work with key partners and transport operators and businesses to reduce transport related emissions of carbon and pollutants Planning Appraisal The table below provides a high level planning appraisal against the adopted and most pertinent planning policies highlighted above. A traffic light system has been used to identify potential opportunities where the Cambourne to Cambridge Better Bus Journeys Scheme is supported by policy (green) and key risks have been identified (highlighted red) where the proposed Scheme departs from planning policy. Amber shading has been used to identify where there are potential risks or opportunities exist but may be unknown at present or have the potential to be overcome by appropriate mitigation or Scheme design. Potential mitigation measures and actions have been identified in the final column and should be considered during early design phases and planning application preparation. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

15 Table 2.1 Planning Appraisal Policy Policy Compliance or Departure Key considerations for compliance going forward - Potential mitigation or actions required. National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) Building a Strong, Competitive Economy Promoting Sustainable Transport Requiring Good Design Protecting Green Belt Land Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change Conserving and enhancing the natural environment The proposed Scheme offers an opportunity to improve transport infrastructure, connecting existing settlements and a major planned growth area to retail and employment uses within Cambridge. Reduced congestion and journey time is likely to offer significant benefits to the economy. The proposed Scheme promotes use of public transport and would provide safe, high-quality facilities for non-motorised users. The proposed route is likely to provide a sustainable and attractive alternative route between Cambridge and Cambourne. The detailed design of the proposed Scheme has not yet been developed. It is not yet possible to determine the extent to which the proposals may comply with or depart from this policy. The policy seeks to protect Green Belt from inappropriate development. The nature of the proposed Scheme, and its need for a Green Belt location, is such that, providing the development preserves the openness of the Green Belt and does not conflict with the purposes of the Green Belt, it may be considered appropriate. The policy supports a move to a low carbon future through a shift in transport modes from private vehicles to public transport or non-motorised transport. Without appropriate mitigation the proposed Scheme may result in an adverse impact on the local natural environment, particularly in respect of impact to valued landscape and the loss of agricultural land. However, the Scheme may reduce adverse impact on the natural environment elsewhere by virtue of altered travel patterns. As the Scheme design progresses, care must be taken to ensure high quality design that does not have unacceptable adverse impacts on the local environment. It will be necessary to demonstrate that there are no alternatives to providing the proposed transport infrastructure within the Green Belt, that the Scheme preserves the openness of the Green Belt, and that the Scheme is not contrary to any of the purposes of including land within the Green Belt. A green belt assessment may be required as part of a planning application. The Scheme must be designed in such a way that it will not be vulnerable to impacts arising from climate change, such as flood risk. Adverse environmental effects, including visual/landscape impact, ecological, loss of agricultural land, noise etc., arising from the proposed Scheme during construction and operation should be avoided or mitigated as far as practicable. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

16 Policy Policy Compliance or Departure Key considerations for compliance going forward - Potential mitigation or actions required. Conserving and enhancing the historic environment The proposed Scheme has potential to negatively affect the setting of listed buildings (such as Elmside, ID ) and conservation areas (such as at Hardwick or Coton). However, altered travel patterns may reduce effects elsewhere, such as at the American Memorial Cemetery and elsewhere along Madingley Road. Construction of the proposed Scheme has potential to encounter below ground archaeology. Cambridge Local Plan (2006) (saved policies) Policy 3/1 Sustainable Development Policy 3/2 Setting of the City Policy 3/3 Safeguarding Environmental Character Policy 3/4 Responding to context Policy 3/7 Creating successful places Policy 4/1 Green Belt The proposed Scheme is likely, on balance, to meet the principles of sustainability as described within this Policy s explanatory note. The proposed Scheme, which is located in part at the urban edge, may affect the setting of the City. The Scheme is intended to provide improved connectivity. The proposal has the potential for adverse impact on local landscape character, however is may be possible to mitigate such impact and respond positively to the Scheme s context. The proposed Scheme has the potential to create a successful place, however Scheme design is in its infancy and compliance with this policy is as yet unclear. As per NPPF policy above, Policy 4/1 seeks to protect green belt from inappropriate development. The nature of the proposed Scheme, and its need for a Green Belt location, is such that, providing the development preserves the openness of the Green Belt and does not conflict with the purposes of the Green Belt, it may be considered appropriate. Scheme design must consider and where appropriate mitigate potential impacts to historic assets. Appropriate archaeological survey or suitable construction methodology should be employed to avoid significant adverse impact to the historic environment. A completed Sustainable Development Checklist and Sustainability Statement should be prepared to accompany any future planning application. Scheme design consider the issues referred to in this policy explanatory note reducing use of natural resources, making efficient use of land, safeguarding the historic environment, protecting wildlife and the natural environment, and minimising waste and pollution. Scheme design should seek to conserve or enhance the setting and special character of Cambridge and improve biodiversity and amenity where possible. Scheme design should seek to respect landscape character and respond to the Scheme s context. A landscape and visual impact assessment should be carried out as part a planning application. Scheme design should provide attractive, high quality, accessible, stimulating, socially inclusive and safe environments. It will be necessary to demonstrate that there are no alternatives to providing the proposed transport infrastructure within the Green Belt, that the Scheme preserves the openness of the Green Belt, and that it is not contrary to any of the purposes of including land within the Green Belt. A Green Belt assessment may be required as part of a planning application. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

17 Policy Policy Compliance or Departure Key considerations for compliance going forward - Potential mitigation or actions required. Policy 4/2 Protection of Open Space Policy 4/3 Safeguarding Features of Amenity or Nature Conservation Value The proposed Scheme would result in development of Green Belt, which is included within the definition of open space by this policy. However, there is currently no public access to this open space. The proposed Scheme would provide a route with potential for recreational importance through open space. The proposed Scheme may result in adverse effects on amenity or nature conservation. Assessment shall be undertaken to consider potential effects, and mitigation recommended where appropriate. There are demonstrable public benefits of the Scheme. The Scheme has potential to improve amenity for its users. The Scheme design should minimise the development of open space and unavoidable losses may require mitigation. A full and comprehensive evaluation of the impacts upon local landscape amenity and nature conservation will be require to assess impact. If there is expected to be a loss of adverse effect then reinstatement, replacement and enhancement may be required. Policy 4/4 Trees Policy 4/8 Local Biodiversity Action Plans Policy 4/9 Scheduled Ancient Monuments/Archaeological Areas Policy 4/10 Listed Buildings The proposed Scheme is likely to result in the loss of some trees. However, the Scheme has demonstrable public benefits that may be considered to outweigh the amenity value of the trees. The proposed Scheme, including precise route alignment has not yet been finalised. There is potential for adverse impacts on habitats and species. Sensitive receptors should be avoided where possible. The policy seeks to protect scheduled ancient monuments and archaeological areas. The proposal has potential to impact the setting of any local scheduled ancient monuments and archaeological remains, depending on the construction methods of the Scheme. The proposed Scheme has potential to negatively affect the setting of listed buildings (such as Elmside, Tree removal should be minimised. Losses must be justified, and Scheme benefits shown to outweigh harm cause by tree losses. An environmental assessment should be carried out at early stages to identify whether any environmental designations are located within or within close proximity to the proposed Scheme. The Scheme should be informed by the assessments and seek to minimise any adverse impacts on these habitats and seek opportunities for enhancement. There may be a requirement for an ecological impact appraisal. An environmental assessment should be carried out at early stages to identify whether any heritage or archaeological designations are located within or within close proximity to the proposed Scheme. If so these will need to be accounted for during design to prevent any adverse impacts to setting or archaeological remains. There may be a requirement for a historic environment and archaeological assessment. Scheme design should consider and mitigate potential impacts to historic assets. Appropriate Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

18 Policy Policy Compliance or Departure Key considerations for compliance going forward - Potential mitigation or actions required. Policy 4/11 Conservation Areas Policy 4/15 Lighting Development Policy 7/6 West Cambridge, South of Madingley Road Policy 7/7 College and University of Cambridge Staff and Student Housing Policy 8/1 Spatial Location of Development Policy 8/2 Transport Impact Policy 8/4 Walking and Cycling Accessibility ID ) and conservation areas (such as at Hardwick or Coton). However, altered travel patterns may reduce effects elsewhere, such as at the American Memorial Cemetery and elsewhere along Madingly Road. Construction of the proposed Scheme has potential to encounter below ground archaeology. It is possible that the proposed Scheme will require artificial lighting along the length of the route and in particularly at the Park and Ride facility. Any local receptors will need to be taken account as lighting has potential to impact local amenity and local wildlife. The Scheme is likely to be designed to comply with lighting policy requirements. The proposed Scheme passes close to the south of this designated site. The Scheme design is not yet sufficiently advanced to determine likely impact on uses within this designation. The Scheme has the potential to improve access to this designation. The proposed Scheme may pass though this allocated area. The proposed use would be contrary to the site allocation for residential use and is likely to prevent the allocated use from being implemented. The proposed Scheme is likely to attract a large number of trips. However, the Scheme is intended to reduce the number of journeys into Cambridge through modal shift from private vehicles. The proposed Scheme is likely to have a significant beneficial impact on transport. The Scheme is likely to cross a number of existing public rights of way, with potential adverse effects. However, the proposed Scheme intends to provide high quality walking and cycling facilities and on balance is likely to provide a net improvement in archaeological survey or suitable construction methodology should be employed to avoid significant adverse impact to the historic environment. Lighting proposals should ensure that light spillage is minimised, and minimises impact on residential amenity and wildlife and landscape character. A lighting assessment may be required as part of a planning application. Scheme design should seek to avoid land take from this designation, and adverse effects on proposed uses therein. Consideration should be given to maximising potential accessibility benefits for this site. Although a long term allocation for residential use, there does not appear to have been any planning application for development of the site in line with its allocation. Departure from this policy would need to be justified. Need for the Scheme/public benefit should provide a strong argument. Future application material should demonstrate that the Scheme location is the most suitable location possible and that alternatives are not available. Future application material should include sufficient information for the likely impact of the Scheme to be assessed. An assessment should be carried out to identify local walking and cycling routes. These should be considered during further design work to see if enhancement measures can be incorporated. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

19 Policy Policy Compliance or Departure Key considerations for compliance going forward - Potential mitigation or actions required. Policy 8/8 Land for Public Transport Policy 8/11 New Roads Policy 8/16 Renewable Energy in Major New Developments Policy 10/1 Infrastructure Improvements provision and be utilised by a greater number or people that existing recreational routes. The proposed Scheme would free buses from other traffic along a major route identified in the Local Transport Plan. The proposed Scheme would give high priority to pedestrian and cyclists and reduce car traffic in surrounding area and city centre. This policy is unlikely to apply as the thresholds relate to the provision of floor space or dwellings. The proposed Scheme would contribute directly to the provision of physical transport and community infrastructure. Cambridge Local Plan 2014: Proposed Submission Policy 4: The Cambridge Green Belt As per NPPF policy above, Policy 4 seeks to protect green belt from inappropriate development. The nature of the proposed Scheme, and its need for a Green Belt location, is such that, providing the development preserves the openness of the Green Belt and does not conflict with the purposes of the Green Belt, it may be considered appropriate. Policy 5: Strategic Transport Infrastructure The proposed Scheme is consistent with and would contribute towards the implementation of the transport strategies and priorities set out in the LTP. Policy 18: West Cambridge Area of Major Change Policy 46: Development of student housing The proposed Scheme passes close to the south of this designated site. The Scheme design is not yet sufficiently advanced to determine likely impact on uses within this designation. The Scheme has the potential to improve access to this designation. The proposed Scheme may pass though designated area U3. The proposed use would be contrary to the site allocation for residential use and is likely to prevent the allocated use from being implemented. The Scheme design should be acceptable to the Highways Authority is all respects. It may be appropriate to consider renewable energy sources at park and ride locations. It will be necessary to demonstrate that there are no alternatives to providing the proposed transport infrastructure within the Green Belt, that the Scheme preserves the openness of the Green Belt, and that it is not contrary to any of the purposes of including land within the Green Belt. A green belt assessment may be required as part of a planning application. Scheme design should seek to avoid land take from this designation, and adverse effects on proposed uses therein. Consideration should be given to maximising potential accessibility benefits for this site. Although a long term allocated for residential use, there does not appear to have been any planning application for development of the site in line with its allocation. Departure from this policy would need to be justified. Need for the Scheme/public benefit should provide a strong argument. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

20 Policy Policy Compliance or Departure Key considerations for compliance going forward - Potential mitigation or actions required. Policy 61: Conservation and enhancement of Cambridge s historic environment Policy 67: Protection of open space Policy 69: Protection of sites of local nature conservation importance Policy 80: Supporting sustainable access to development South Cambridgeshire District Council Core Strategy DPD (2007) Policy ST/1 Green Belt The proposed Scheme has potential to negatively affect the setting of listed buildings (such as Elmside, ID ) and conservation areas (such as at Hardwick or Coton). However, altered travel patterns may reduce effects elsewhere, such as at the American Memorial Cemetery and elsewhere along Madingly Road. Construction of the proposed Scheme has potential to encounter below ground archaeology. The proposed Scheme would result in development of Green Belt, which is included within the definition of open space by this policy. However, there is currently no public access to this open space. The proposed Scheme would provide a route with potential for recreational importance through open space. The proposed Scheme may result in adverse effects on amenity or nature conservation. Assessment shall be undertaken to consider potential effects, and mitigation recommended where appropriate. There are demonstrable public benefits of the Scheme. The Scheme has potential to improve amenity for its users and along existing routes that may experience a reduction in traffic flows. The proposed Scheme will provide high quality access for walking, cycling and public transport. It will help to connect in a sustainable way existing villages and a major development site with the City. The proposed Scheme is likely to result in a net loss of Green Belt. However, the Scheme is unlikely to adversely affect interpretation of the City s urban edge. South Cambridgeshire District Council Development Control Policies DPD (2007) Policy GB/1 Development in the Green Belt Policy GB/1 seeks to protect green belt from inappropriate development. The nature of the proposed Scheme, and its need for a Green Belt location, is such that, providing the development Scheme design must consider and mitigate potential impacts to historic assets. Appropriate archaeological survey or suitable construction methodology should be employed to avoid significant adverse impact to the historic environment. The Scheme design should minimise the development of open space and unavoidable losses may require mitigation. A full and comprehensive evaluation of the impacts upon local landscape amenity and nature conservation will be require to assess impact. If there is expected to be a loss of adverse effect then reinstatement, replacement and enhancement may be required. Scheme design should consider how it may ensure that a clearly defined urban edge may be maintained. Possible landscaping and materials options should be carefully considered as possible mitigation. It will be necessary to demonstrate that there are no alternatives to providing the proposed transport infrastructure within the Green Belt, that the Scheme preserves the openness of the Green Belt, and that it Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

21 Policy Policy Compliance or Departure Key considerations for compliance going forward - Potential mitigation or actions required. Policy GB/2 Mitigating the Impact of Development Policy GB/3 Mitigating the Impact of Development Adjoining the Green Belt Policy GB/5 Recreation in the Green Belt Policy NE/4 Landscape Character Areas Policy NE/6 Biodiversity Policy NE/7 Sites of Biodiversity or Geological Importance Policy NE/11 Flood Risk preserves the openness of the Green Belt and does not conflict with the purposes of the Green Belt, it may be considered appropriate. The proposed Scheme has the potential to result in an adverse impact on the Green Belt. The Scheme is not yet far enough advanced to accurately consider extent of potential impact. Where adverse effects occur, appropriate mitigation should be employed. The Scheme is not yet far enough advanced to accurately consider extent of potential impact. Where adverse effects occur, appropriate mitigation should be employed. The proposed Scheme would potentially provide new opportunities to access the Green Belt for pedestrians and cyclists. This policy may be considered to support the Scheme, subject to potential harm to Green Belt objectives. The Scheme is not yet far enough advanced to accurately consider extent of potential impact. Where adverse effects occur, appropriate mitigation should be employed. The proposed Scheme, including precise route alignment has not yet been finalised. There is potential for adverse impacts on habitats and species. Sensitive receptors should be avoided where possible. The current indicative alignment does avoid sites of particular importance. The Scheme is not yet far enough advanced to accurately consider extent of potential impact. A full flood risk assessment of the final Scheme will be undertaken, and mitigation employed where required to ensure that the proposed Scheme is not prone to is not contrary to any of the purposes of including land within the Green Belt. A green belt assessment may be required as part of a planning application. The Schemes likely impact on the Green Belt should be fully assessed, and appropriate mitigation included within the Scheme design where required. The proposed Scheme should consider careful landscaping and design measures of a high quality in order to protect the purposes of the Green Belt. Opportunity for access to the Green Belt should be maximised, and potential harm to Green Belt objectives minimised. The proposed Scheme design should respect and retain or enhance local character and distinctiveness of the landscape character. An environmental assessment should be carried out at early stages to identify whether any environmental designations are located within or within close proximity to the proposed Scheme. The Scheme should be informed by the assessments and seek to minimise any adverse impacts on these habitats and seek opportunities for enhancement. There may be a requirement for an ecological impact appraisal. Flood risk and drainage designed should be undertaken to ensure that the Scheme is not at an unacceptable risk of flooding and does not result in increased flood risk elsewhere. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

22 Policy Policy Compliance or Departure Key considerations for compliance going forward - Potential mitigation or actions required. Policy NE/17 Protecting High Quality Agricultural Land Policy CH/1 Historic Landscapes Policy CH/2 Archaeological Sites Policy CH/4 Development Within the Curtilage of a Listed Building Policy CH/5 Conservation Areas flooding and does not increase the risk of flooding elsewhere. The proposed Scheme is likely to result the loss of agricultural land, including grade 2 and grade 3a agricultural land. However, the public need for proposed sustainable transport Scheme is likely to outweigh the need to protect this land from development. Agricultural Land Classification for the study area is shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L The proposed Scheme has potential to negatively affect the setting of listed buildings (such as Elmside, ID ) and conservation areas (such as at Hardwick or Coton). However, altered travel patterns may reduce effects elsewhere, such as at the American Memorial Cemetery and elsewhere along Madingly Road. Construction of the proposed Scheme has potential to encounter below ground archaeology. The proposed Scheme has potential to negatively affect the setting of listed buildings (such as Elmside, ID ) and conservation areas (such as at Hardwick or Coton). However, altered travel patterns may reduce effects elsewhere, such as at the American Memorial Cemetery and elsewhere along Madingly Road. Construction of the proposed Scheme has potential to encounter below ground archaeology. For the purposes of this review it is currently assumed that there would be no development required within the curtilage of a listed building. The proposed Scheme has potential to negatively affect the setting of listed buildings (such as Elmside, ID ) and conservation areas (such as at Hardwick or Coton). However, altered travel patterns may reduce effects elsewhere, such as at the American Memorial Cemetery and elsewhere along Madingly Road. Construction of the proposed Scheme has potential to encounter below ground archaeology. The Scheme should be designed to minimise the development of agricultural land, particularly the highest quality land. Scheme design must consider and mitigate potential impacts to historic assets. Appropriate archaeological survey or suitable construction methodology should be employed to avoid significant adverse impact to the historic environment. Scheme design must consider and mitigate potential impacts to historic assets. Appropriate archaeological survey or suitable construction methodology should be employed to avoid significant adverse impact to the historic environment. If such development is required, compliance with this policy should be considered. Scheme design should consider and mitigate potential impacts to historic assets. Appropriate archaeological survey or suitable construction methodology should be employed to avoid significant adverse impact to the historic environment. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

23 Policy Policy Compliance or Departure Key considerations for compliance going forward - Potential mitigation or actions required. Policy CH/6 Protected Village Amenity Areas Policy CH/7 Important Countryside Frontages Policy TR/1 Planning for more Sustainable Travel Policy SF/8 Lord's Bridge Radio Telescope Policy DP/1 Sustainable Development Policy DP/2 Design of New Development Policy DP/3 Development Criteria Policy DP/6 Construction Methods The proposed Scheme may pass close to one or more Protected Village Amenity Areas. There is the potential for the Scheme to have an adverse impact on the character, amenity, tranquillity or function of the village. Route alignment finalisation and further assessment is required to determine whether the proposed Scheme may depart for this Policy. The proposed Scheme may pass close to one or more Important Countryside Frontages. There is the potential for the Scheme to compromises the purposes of these designations. Route alignment finalisation and further assessment is required to determine whether the proposed Scheme may depart for this Policy. The proposed Scheme is consistent with and would contribute towards the implementation of the transport strategies and priorities set out in the LTP. The proposed Scheme has the potential to interfere with the Mullard Radio Observatory. Full assessment of likely impact must be undertaken and mitigation incorporated where required in order to avoid adverse impact. The proposed Scheme is likely, on balance, to meet the principles of sustainability. Scheme design is in its infancy and compliance with this policy is as yet unclear. Design principles shall be adhered to where possible. Scheme design is in its infancy and compliance with this policy is as yet unclear. Development principles shall be adhered to where possible. The Scheme is intended to provide enhanced public and community transport and cycling and pedestrian infrastructure. The proposed Scheme has the potential to have adverse impacts on local environment and amenity during construction. Potential impacts shall be Impact on Village Amenity Areas should be considered as part of the Scheme design process, assessment of likely impacts undertaken, and mitigation incorporated into the proposal where required. Impact on Important Countryside Frontages should be considered as part of the Scheme design process, assessment of likely impacts undertaken, and mitigation incorporated into the proposal where required. Possible impact on the radio telescope should be assessed. A sustainability statement must accompany any future planning application. Scheme design should have regard to the design principles provided within this policy. Scheme design should have regard to the design principles provided within this policy. Environmental impacts associated with construction should be fully assessed and mitigation employed where appropriate. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

24 Policy Policy Compliance or Departure Key considerations for compliance going forward - Potential mitigation or actions required. Policy DP/7 Development Frameworks Policy NE/9 Water and Drainage Infrastructure Policy NE/14 Lighting Proposals Policy NE/15 Noise Pollution Policy TR/3 Mitigating Travel Impact Policy TR/4 Non-motorised Modes South Cambridgeshire Site Specific Policies DPD (January 2010) assessed, and mitigation implemented where appropriate. The proposed Scheme would require development outside existing urban and village frameworks. The nature of the proposed development and the availability of alternatives is such that there is a need for the Scheme to be located in the countryside. The Scheme design, including utility requirements, is not yet progressed enough to assess compliance with this policy. It is likely the proposed Scheme will require artificial lighting along the length of the route and in particularly at the Park and Ride facility. Any local receptors will need to be taken account as lighting has potential to impact local amenity and local wildlife. The Scheme is likely to be designed to comply with lighting policy requirements. The Scheme design not yet progressed enough to assess compliance with this policy. A full noise assessment of the proposed Scheme during construction and operation shall accompany any future application. The proposed Scheme is likely to have significant transport implications. The Scheme is likely to, on balance, have a positive effect on transport. A Transport Assessment and Travel plan shall be provided. The proposed Scheme promotes use of public transport and would provide safe, high-quality facilities for non-motorised users. The proposed route is likely to provide a sustainable and attractive alternative route between Cambridge and Cambourne. The Scheme contributes directly to the achievement of the aims of the LTP. The need for the Scheme s location should be justified. Consideration should be given to water supply, sewerage or land drainage etc. requirements, and there should be liaison with relevant service providers. Lighting proposals should ensure that light spillage is minimised, and minimises impact on residential amenity and wildlife and landscape character. A lighting assessment may be required as part of a planning application. Unacceptable noise impacts should be avoided. Full assessment of likely noise impacts will be required. A Transport Assessment and Travel plan should be produced. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

25 Policy Policy Compliance or Departure Key considerations for compliance going forward - Potential mitigation or actions required. Policy SP/4 Cambourne Approved Masterplan and Design Guide The proposed Scheme would pass through the Cambourne Masterplan area, and is likely to pass close to the south of Upper Cambourne. The proposed Scheme is likely to be complementary to the expansion of Cambourne, but care must be taken to ensure that the proposed Scheme design integrates well with the Cambourne Masterplan. Emerging South Cambridgeshire Local Plan Policy SS/6: New Village at Bourn Airfield The proposed Scheme would pass through this allocation area. The nature of the proposed Scheme is such that is likely to be compatible with the proposed and allocated use. However, care must be taken to ensure integration of the allocated development and the proposed Scheme. Policy NH/12: Local Green Space The proposed Scheme would pass through designated Local Green Space. Local Green Space is protected from development that would adversely impact on the character and particular local significance placed on such green areas. The proposed Scheme may be considered as an exceptional circumstance where development would be permitted within this designation. The Scheme design should consider the recent development around Cambourne and integrate well, particularly with landscaping associated with Upper Cambourne. The Scheme design should consider the planned new village development at Bourne Airfield and integrate with expected development at this location. Consultation with the local community is likely to be required. Development of this protected area must be justified. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

26 3. Design Guidance 3.1. Cambridgeshire Landscape Guidelines - A Manual for Management and Change in the Rural Landscape This document, produced by Cambridgeshire County Council in 1991, provides examples of how a range of development types should respond to the rural landscape around Cambridge. The Guidelines have a section on highways, including new roads which could be considered to apply to other linear infrastructure. It states that roads can be either major visual intrusions, sources of pollution and destroyers of landscape quality, or they can be attractive routes which take us through the countryside. Roadside trees, hedges and verges add to the richness, diversity and special character of the landscape. Recommendations include: Engineers collaborating with the landscape designer at an early stage of the project and endeavour to use the road building process creatively to achieve high quality new landscapes in the countryside. Selecting road alignments which minimise impact on both the immediate road corridor and the wider landscape through which the road runs. The road should be viewed as a corridor of integrated features (road, bridges, landforms, wildlife habitats, spatial character, trees, hedges, views, etc.). Consider opportunities to improve the landscape of the wider zone of impact visible from or associated with the road, thus improving the view from the road and using the process of road building to put something back into the landscape. Ensuring that the design of structures and use of material are sensitive to local land forms and establish a sense of place. Create landscape corridors through the transformation of rights of way into green lanes. The document also outlines principles for landscape improvement and management in the western claylands. Alongside lists of potential plant species for the area, recommendations include: Creation of new woodlands greater than two hectares. Planting of woodland belts along existing hedgerows and linking to woodland blocks. Create 5-15m wide landscape corridors in valley bottoms. Reinforce and enhance existing hedgerows. Implement landscape improvements along the length of long-distance footpaths, particularly around towns and villages. Increased tree cover at village approaches South Cambridgeshire District Council District Design Guide Supplementary Planning Document Introduction The District Design Guide Supplementary Planning Document (DDG) forms part of the South Cambridgeshire LDF and seeks to ensure that design is an integral part of the development process. It sets out important design principles based on recognised good practice and explains key requirements of the District Council that will be taken into account when considering planning proposals. Principles and guidelines of importance to this project are described below Urban Design The DDG identifies key urban design themes of quality, green infrastructure and creating a sense of place. Of importance to this project will be to: Develop a clear design concept. Make green infrastructure fundamental part of development, design and planning processes, linking to wider green infrastructure networks. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

27 Create somewhere that is recognisably distinct, whilst simultaneously strengthening the larger local identity Landscape Setting The DDG suggests that care must be taken not to obscure distinctive landform characteristics with development. Road alignments and drainage corridors should also respect local landscape character and generally, development should be aligned parallel to the contours not up and down slopes Elements of Design Paved areas, including carriageways, footpaths, cycleways and other hard surfaced areas can have a significant impact on the character of that development. Paving should be designed in a manner that creates visual interest as well as meeting the functional requirements. Materials should be appropriate to the character of the development and its context. In Conservation Areas it is especially important to complement local traditional patterns, textures, materials and colours, and in rural areas the character of simple gravel or grass finishes should be preserved. Concrete kerbs with a high upstand create a harsh and over-engineered appearance Environmental Sustainability Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) should be used. SuDS in road transport corridors could include: filter strips, swales, rain gardens (bioretention), filter drains, and, canals and rills. Where basins and ponds are to be incorporated, they should be designed to appear as natural as possible (with contours blending into the landscape, and with different margin depths and shelves to maximise opportunities for the enhancement of biodiversity) or form part of a wider landscape design strategy that may introduce alternative forms into the landscape depending upon the context. Well-designed SuDS Schemes also favour other multifunctional uses such as the provision of green infrastructure for public access Design Documentation At the outset of the design process it should be made clear to the Council what the intended design concept is, and how following the site analysis it is appropriate for the development and the site context. The concept should clearly identify the underlying ethos of the Scheme in relation to the social, commercial and/or educational purpose, the visual and aesthetic intent and imagery, the environmental performance, etc. A clear design concept will ensure that all subsequent stages of the design process are undertaken in the context of clear direction to ensure the correct decisions are taken to achieve a particular end South Cambridgeshire District Council Landscape in New Developments Supplementary Planning Document The Landscape in New Developments Supplementary Planning Document seeks to ensure that a landscape Scheme forms an integral part of the planning application, and that landscape features, landscape character and associated biodiversity are adequately addressed throughout the development. The document states that a pre-application discussion between the applicant and planning officers can be very helpful to clarify planning requirements and the essential requirements of an acceptable landscape Scheme. Most Outline and Full applications will require a site survey plan showing what is to be retained and what is to be removed. This will show features of landscape value such as established trees and hedges, prominent landscape elements, boundary treatments, water bodies, public rights of way, any significant changes in level and buildings and structures. Following identification of site surveys, understanding the existing landscape context and appropriate viewpoints, a Landscape Concept Plan should be prepared that includes: The proposed treatment of site boundaries. Access points and proposed circulation routes. Landscape themes for example whether the proposals are intended to be formal or informal, open or closed, lively or tranquil. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

28 The main areas of structural planting and any significant areas of hard landscape. Significant areas requiring specialised maintenance, for example areas of meadow, wetland or drainage (including SUDS). Indications of significant features such as landscape structures or public art - to demonstrate how these can be successfully incorporated into the Scheme. A detailed landscape Scheme describing in full the hard and soft landscape materials, construction details, landscape specification, landscape management and maintenance will normally be required as a condition of Outline Permission. Appendix 2 of the document provides a series of plant lists containing species that may be suitable for various situations Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Volume 10, Section 1 New Roads Part 1 New Roads Landform and Alignment This document gives guidance on the environmental design of landform and alignment for new roads. Key objectives to achieve a good quality design are set out below, with further details on the approach to each set out in the guidance document: To choose the route least damaging to the landscape; this will be the one that respects existing landform best and avoids disruption of major topographical features. To find an alignment which uses the existing landform to good effect and which minimises the scale of earthworks. To design profiles which reflect existing natural slopes. To retain the least highway land, by the return of land to its former use where this does not conflict with the need to provide mitigation by planting. To use existing landform to minimise noise and visual intrusion: for example, placing a road in a cutting or behind rising ground to protect settlement. To develop new landforms, including mounds and false cuttings, to screen the road from settlement. To achieve a balance between horizontal and vertical alignment which minimises earthworks but provides the best integration with natural landform and the best screening for settlement Part 2 New Roads Planting, Vegetation and Soils This document gives guidance on the environmental design of planting, and vegetation, and soil treatment for new roads. Key objectives to achieve a good quality design are set out below, with further details on the approach to each set out in the guidance document: To define areas needed for effective mitigation by planting. To restore as much of the pre-existing pattern of field boundaries, woodland, heathland and moorland, as possible. Retaining land adjacent to the highway should always be considered, in order to provide integration with the landscape. To establish a clear design objective and maintenance regime for each area of vegetation established. To reinstate soil to the highest possible standard by stripping, storing and reinstating it in line with current best practice. To ensure soil restoration using matching soil types wherever possible. To mitigate secondary impacts on retained vegetation Part 3 New Roads Integration with Rural Landscapes This document gives guidance on the environmental design and integration of new roads with rural landscapes. Key objectives to achieve a good quality design are set out below, with further details on the approach to each set out in the guidance document: To recognise and understand the landscape types through which the road passes and to integrate the whole of the roadside landscape from the kerb outwards into its landscape setting. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

29 Where appropriate, to restore and enlarge the distinctive landscape character of areas adjacent to the road. To use fencing and walling types marrying in with adjacent ones and to plant and seed species and mixes that integrate visually and in their nature conservation interest with the existing vegetation Part 4 The Road Corridor This document gives guidance on the environmental design of the road corridor for new roads. Key objectives to achieve a good quality design are set out below, with further details on the approach to each set out in the guidance document: Walls, fences, environmental barriers, overbridges and other roadside features should reflect the landscape through which they pass and provide a sense of place for the driver/traveller. Site-specific designs, using local materials and styles, should be used wherever possible. Design elements should be simple and clear, reducing visual confusion. Views out, landmarks and other design features should be used to give a sense of place and help driver/traveller orientation Trees in the Townscape, A Guide for Decision Makers, Trees & Design Action Group The Guide provides an approach to the planning, design, planting, protection, management and monitoring of trees within urban environments. The approach is set out across 12 principles, those which are relevant to the planning and design of projects are detailed below: Know your tree resource. Have a comprehensive tree strategy. Embed trees into policy and other plans. Make tree-friendly places. Pick the right trees. Seek multiple benefits. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

30 4. Landscape Context 4.1. Landscape Character The study area is located within National Character Area 88: Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire Claylands and the Cambridge landscape character area West Cambridge Claylands. It can be characterised by the rural landscape containing smaller settlements and the number of historic features within the area such as Registered Parks and Gardens, Listed Buildings and Scheduled Monuments. Woodland cover is generally scattered and sparse. There is a concentration of ancient semi-natural woodland in a band to the north of the NCA between Salcey Forest and Grafham Water on the Northamptonshire/Bedfordshire border representing remnants of Royal Hunting Forest and south-west of Cambridge. The Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire Claylands NCA has a predominantly arable and intensively farmed landscape, with main crops of winter cereals and oilseed rape. Fields are generally large and rectilinear, typically increasing in size further eastwards. In the west, hedgerows are predominantly of hawthorn, generally intact, with few hedgerow trees of oak and ash. The NCA contains a variety of semi-natural habitats supporting a range of species some notably rare and scarce including sites designated for species associated with ancient woodland, wetland sites important for birds, great crested newt and species of stonewort, and traditional orchards and unimproved grassland supporting a rich diversity of wild flowers Landscape Designations Registered Parks and Gardens The Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 (1) authorises Historic England to compile a register of gardens and other land situated in England that appear to be of special historic interest. They are listed in order to celebrate designed landscapes of note, and encourage appropriate protection. Registration is a 'material consideration' in the planning process, meaning that planning authorities must consider the impact of any proposed development on the landscapes' special character. Sites are graded I, II* or II along the same lines as listed buildings. 62% are graded as II, 27% are considered of more than special interest and graded II*, 9% are of exceptional interest and are classified as Grade I. The registered parks and gardens within the study area are listed below and shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L Their descriptions are informed by the relevant listings written by Historic England. American Military Cemetery: Grade I: The American Cemetery is publicly accessible and situated around 8km to the west of Cambridge, on the north side of the A1303 St Neots Road. The c 12.5ha site is bounded to the north by Cambridge Road, which links the villages of Coton and Madingley, to the west by a track beside Madingley Wood, to the east by farmland, and to the south by the A1303. The cemetery occupies a rural position on the north slope of a hill which gives extensive views northwards over the surrounding countryside and towards Ely cathedral, some 22km away, which can be seen on clear days. The American Military Cemetery is one of twenty four permanent American Second World War cemeteries erected on foreign soil by the American Battle Monuments Commission. It began as a temporary military cemetery in 1943 and was later selected as the only permanent American Second World War military cemetery in the British Isles, the landscape of which was designed by Olmstead Brothers. The garden is set out in a radial pattern from its south west corner and consists of clipped hedges, lawns and Portland stone sculptures, walls and headstones. From the main entrance, to the north of the A1302, there are filtered views to the south through roadside vegetation and more distant views north along the western edge of the garden to the countryside beyond. At this point a 30m tall flagpole is situated that can be seen Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

31 from various locations within the surrounding landscape, including from the North West Cambridge development site off Huntingdon Road. Childerley Hall Grade II*: Childerley Hall contains moated gardens of C16 origin, restored and replanted in the latter half of C20, beside a C16 hall and deer park. The park covers around 26ha and lies 12km west of Cambridge, on the north side of the A428. The Hall stands in an isolated position, the villages of Great and Little Childerley both having disappeared by the C17, and is entirely surrounded by park and farmland, the boundary of the site to the west being marked by a wellpreserved C17 bank and ditch. A walk runs around the summit of the flat-topped ornamental moat bank surrounding the gardens, planted along its southern arm with a mix of flowering shrubs. Beyond the bank to the east, enclosed by a tall beech hedge, is a narrow water course, while the west bank acts as a dam to a stream feeding a large informal pool known as Church Pond to the west of the main gardens. A late C20 bridge spans the stream and leads to a late C20 woodland garden. The park is under private ownership and is available as a venue for events. Madingley Hall Grade II: The garden surrounds a C16 manor house and consists of formal gardens laid out at the beginning of the C20, surrounded by the park landscaped by Lancelot Brown in 1756, at which time the formal gardens were removed and a naturalistic parkland setting created for the Hall which was given an informal pleasure ground. The garden lies in a rural setting on the west side of Madingley village around 5km west of Cambridge. The registered site covers 80ha, bounded to the east by the village, to the north-east by Drayton Road, and to the west and south by farmland. Perimeter belts enclose the park on all sides apart from an open view east over the village of Madingley towards Cambridge. The park at Madingley is all laid to grass, surrounded by perimeter plantations but with few parkland trees. To the east of the Hall is an open park bordered to north and south by lines of trees which focus the view to the small lake with boathouse. A perimeter gravel walk runs round the pleasure and contain some mature cedars of mid C19 origin. The park is now owned by the University of Cambridge Conservation Areas Areas are designated as conservation areas as a result of their special architectural and historic interest and can be located from the centres of historic towns and cities to isolated villages and country houses. The conservation areas within the study area are listed below and shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L Their descriptions are informed by the relevant conservation area appraisals. Hardwick: The conservation area at Hardwick was designated in It is located to the south of the main residential area of Hardwick which separates the conservation area from the A428 corridor. The area is well treed with a mixture of residential and agricultural hedgerows alongside Main Street as it passes through. The vegetation provides seasonal variation and limits views into and out of the area. The Parish Church of St Mary provides a notable feature and is a Grade II* Listed Building. The western and eastern edges of the area sit adjacent to the surrounding agricultural fields. Madingley: The conservation area at Madingley was designated in It is located to the north of the A428 which passes through the area between the conservation area, Madingley Wood and the American Military Cemetery. Madingley is centred on the junction of High Street, Church Lane and Cambridge Road. It has an enclosed character as a result of mature vegetation, woodland blocks and rising topography to the south and west. Madingley Hall is situated at the western extent of the area and is a Grade I Listed Building with views across an open lawn to the east that extend beyond High Street. Coton: The conservation area at Coton was designated in 1978 with the boundary extended in It is located to the south of the A1303 and west of the M11. Coton conservation area is centred on the junction of High Street and Cambridge Road. The western edge of the area is adjacent to an area of residential development whilst the north, south and east are adjacent to the surrounding agricultural fields. The northeast corner is located adjacent to the Coton Orchard which is a traditional orchard and is a characteristic Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

32 element of the wider landscape. Views out from the centre of the conservation area are well contained by buildings, trees and tall roadside hedgerows but open out across open equestrian fields south of St Catherine s Hall. West Cambridge: The conservation area of West Cambridge was designated in 1972 with the boundary extended in 1984 and It is a relatively large area centred around Grange Road and between Madingley Road (A1303) and Barton Road (A603). The area forms the urban area which separates the centre of the city from the claylands to the west. Buildings within the West Cambridge are primarily educational and residential, including flats, terraces and detached properties. There are numerous open spaces and sports fields within the area which are often enclosed by hedges or walls around their boundaries. Street trees provide framed views down streets and provide visual enclosure from within the area. The University Library is a notable building as it forms a key landmark when the area is viewed from surrounding countryside. Due to its size, the West Cambridge conservation area has been split into seven character areas. Of most relevance to this study is the Grange Road character area which contains a regimented grid of streets on north-south and east-west axis. The West Cambridge Conservation Area Appraisal (2011) describes the Grange Road area as retaining a domestic scale with a small area of wild woodland at the junction of Bin Brook and Grange Road (Cobbett s Corner). There are positive views noted in a south-westerly direction from the access track to the Cambridge University Rugby Club Practice Ground Country Parks Coton Country Park: Coton Country Park is located to the south of Coton and straddles Grantchester Road. It is managed by Cambridge Past, Present & Future and covers an area of 120ha which includes a mix of agricultural land and pasture. The park is made accessible via a network of public rights of way, permissive paths and accessible fields and its location is shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L A network of walking routes is marked through the park and from Red Meadow Hill there is an elevated panoramic view which includes the Cambridge skyline to the east and the ridgeline along the A1303 to the north. From here the spire of St Peter s Church in Coton is also visible, rising above the mature vegetation within the rest of the area. The western edge of the park is situated alongside the M11 corridor which limits tranquillity. The M11 can be crossed on foot over bridges at two locations, one to the north-east of the park on footpath 55/5 and one to the south east on footpath 55/ Notable Landscape Features Ancient and Semi-Natural Woodland Ancient woodlands are those that have existed since 1600 which is before planting and commercial farming practices became common. Natural England defines ancient woodland as an important and historic part of the landscape and cannot be replaced. They identify the following activities (amongst others) as those that can have a negative impact on ancient woodland: Breaking up or destroying connections between woodland and other habitats. Reducing the amount of semi-natural habitats next to ancient woodland. Increasing the amount of pollution, including dust. Increasing light pollution. Natural England suggest that to minimise harm to ancient woodlands that a buffer zone is left between the woodland and development that is left permanently and allowed to grow into semi-natural habitat. If an ancient woodland is damaged by development they recommend compensation measures that may include long-term management of an ancient woodland or planting a large area of new native woodland on soil taken from the damaged ancient woodland site. The location of Ancient and Semi-Natural Woodland within the study area is shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L Hardwick Wood: Hardwick Wood is located to the south east of Caldecote and has the sinuous outline of medieval woods. It is surrounded by a substantial wood bank which is well-preserved on the south and east sides. Coppicing was ceased in the early 20th century before being reinstated in The woodland is part of the West Cambridgeshire Hundreds Living Landscape Scheme and is managed by the Bedfordshire Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire Wildlife Trust. Madingley Wood: Madingley Wood is located between the A428 and A1303, to the west of the American Military Cemetery. It is a relatively small ash-maple woodland which is characteristic of clayland landscapes in eastern England. Species present include pendunculate oak, ash, field maple, hazel coppice, hawthorn, Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

33 dogs mercury and bluebell. The woodland is used by the University of Cambridge for research and education. Due to its position on elevated ground the woodland is visible from lower lying areas to the south and north Traditional Orchards Traditional orchards exist in a triangle between Cambridge, Huntingdon and Ely, containing some ancient and veteran trees that support specialist invertebrate species and a range of local varieties of plum, apples and gage. The area of remaining traditional orchard in the county is thought to be 20 per cent of what the total area was in 1950 with losses still occurring due to development, neglect and land use change such as conversion to arable or paddocks. In relation to Traditional Orchards, the NCA profile for Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire Claylands identifies the following as some of the opportunities for improving the character of the NCA: Appropriate management and expansion of traditional orchards, bringing them back into active management to conserve their genetic diversity, biodiversity value and cultural heritage; and promoting and encouraging local markets for locally grown orchard produce. Conserving and managing traditional orchards for the benefit of fauna (such as specialist invertebrates dependent on dead or decaying wood, pollinators and pest regulators). Protecting and conserving existing traditional orchards from inappropriate development and changes in land use. There are a number of small traditional orchards distributed throughout the study area with Coton Orchard being the largest and of particular note, their locations are shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L Coton Orchard is located to the north-east of Coton and was planted in 1922 for growing apples. It now contains a mix of other fruiting plants such as plums and is part of the Coton Orchard Garden Centre Topography The topography and drainage features of the area are shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L It is generally low-lying to the east within and around Cambridge, rising to the west of Coton towards Cambourne. The Bourn Brook valley to the south west is a notable topographic feature. The Bin Brook valley to the west of Coton is also notable although on a smaller, more local scale. The A428 and A1303 road corridors pass along a ridgeline from which the land falls away to the north and the south. The position of these road corridors results in traffic being visible on the horizon from surrounding areas, although filtered by roadside vegetation. The majority of land directly south of the A428 and A1303 has a south-easterly aspect which enables views towards Cambridge from a number of locations Tranquillity Tranquillity is defined as a state of calm and quietude associated with peace, considered to be a significant asset of landscape (GLVIA). Tranquillity can be decreased/increased through changes in the visibility of transport infrastructure, buildings, electricity pylons and other structures, sounds and levels of openness. The CPRE tranquillity map identifies the broad range of tranquillity across the study area (assessed in 2007) and is shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L Notable trends from the 1960s to 2007 are light pollution resulting from intensive agriculture, growth of settlements and road infrastructure improvements, particularly apparent in the low-lying areas. Within the study area there is a noticeable decrease in tranquillity to the east within and around Cambridge. Other less tranquil places include alongside the major road corridors of the A428, M11 and A14 and within smaller rural settlements. Higher areas of tranquillity are present around Childerley, west of Madingley and south west of Coton. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

34 4.6. Night Lights The effects of lighting can be an issue in the understanding of effects on the landscape at night and also in the visual assessment of new developments. To understand the night time context of the study area a review of analysis published by the Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) has been undertaken. The CPRE published maps of Great Britain s light pollution and dark skies in May 2016 using data captured by a satellite at 1.30am throughout September The data covering the study area for this project is shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L and each pixel shows the level of radiance (night light) shining up into the night sky. These have been categorised into colour bands to distinguish between different light levels. Cambridgeshire is ranked 19 th darkest out of 41 counties on the basis of the average brightness value whilst South Cambridgeshire District is ranked 74 th and Cambridge City is 248 th darkest out of 326 districts. Within the study area, the map shows high light levels within the urban area of Cambridge to the east and Cambourne to the west. A corridor of medium light levels centred on the A428 and A1303 corridor links Cambourne and Cambridge, which also includes the urban areas of Hardwick, Caldecote and Coton. Areas of particularly low light levels are notably present within the agricultural landscape and small settlements to the north of the A428 and also between and south of Hardwick and Coton. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

35 5. Visual Context 5.1. Approach The approach to the identification of visual receptors follows broadly the methodology described in Interim Advice Note 135/10 to a level of detail that is appropriate to the current project stage. This covers the range of visual receptors within the study area (residential, recreational/public, commercial, transport) and considers for each their: Extent of view; Quality/value of visual amenity; Susceptibility to the proposed change, and; Sensitivity. Interim Advice Note 135/10 was produced prior to the latest edition of GLVIA. The latest edition of GLVIA states that the value attached to specific views and the susceptibility of the visual receptor to a specific change should be combined to inform the sensitivity of a visual receptor. In the absence of tables provided in Interim Advice Note 135/10 or GLVIA, Tables 4.1 to 4.3 outline our methodology for the identification of sensitivity for visual receptors. These tables have been derived using professional judgement and experience from similar infrastructure assessments. Table 5.1 describes how the quality/value of visual amenity is identified, Table 5.2 describes how the susceptibility of a visual receptor to the proposed development is identified and Table 5.3 describes how quality/value and susceptibility are combined to identify the sensitivity of visual receptors. Table 5.4 provides a definition of each level of sensitivity which is derived from Annex 2 Table 1 of Interim Advice Note 135/10 with additional consideration of quality/value and susceptibility for the reasons described above. Table 5.1: Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Value Description Exceptional Areas with views of outstanding scenic value, with numerous distinctive features that combine to give the visual experience of unity, richness and harmony and create a very strong sense of place. These are views that are likely to be considered to be of particular importance to conserve on an international or national scale to safeguard their quality and character. Very Good Areas with views of pleasing scenic value with a strong sense of place and strong sense of visual continuity. These are likely to be within landscapes with many distinctive visual features and few detracting features. These landscapes are likely to be considered worthy of designation on a regional or local scale to safeguard their quality and character which contributes to the visual amenity. Good Areas with views of pleasing scenic value with a strong sense of place and some locally distinctive visual features, but also some detracting features. These landscapes are unlikely to be considered worthy of designation but some features of the landscape may be considered worthy of conservation on a local scale due to the visual amenity provided. Moderate Areas of some scenic value in places but with a weak sense of place and frequent detracting visual features. These are landscapes with few distinctive features considered worthy of conservation on a local scale providing a sense of strong visual amenity from some locations. Poor Areas of little scenic value with a fragmented and incoherent visual character and with dominant detracting features. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

36 Table 5.2: Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Value High Description Receptors whose attention is focused on their surroundings for long periods of time from one location and for whom visual amenity plays an important part in their enjoyment and appreciation of that location. Also receptors whose enjoyment of their activity is strongly influenced by the appearance of their surroundings and whose attention is focused on the surroundings. Existing visual amenity is not largely influenced by the type of development proposed. Moderate Low Receptors whose enjoyment of their activity is strongly influenced by the appearance of their surroundings and whose attention is largely focused on the surroundings but whose existing visual amenity is already strongly influenced by the type of development proposed. Receptors whose attention is not at all focused on their surroundings and where the quality of their visual amenity plays only a small part in the enjoyment of their activity and/or existing visual amenity is already strongly influenced by the type of development proposed. Receptors whose visual experience of the landscape is so fleeting due to the speed that they are travelling through the landscape that any change to their visual amenity as a result of the proposal will be momentary. Table 5.3: Visual Sensitivity Susceptibility Low Moderate High Poor Low Low Moderate Quality of Visual Amenity Moderate Low Moderate High Good Low Moderate High Very Good Moderate High High Exceptional Moderate High High Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

37 Table 5.4: Visual Sensitivity Definitions Value High Description Receptors with high sensitivity would generally be residential properties, users of PRoW and visitors to tourist, leisure and countryside destinations within the study area. Outdoor workers, users of scenic transport routes and receptors at schools, pubs and churches would be assigned this level of sensitivity when the quality of their visual amenity is considered to be very good or exceptional. Moderate Low Receptors with moderate sensitivity would generally be outdoor workers, users of scenic transport routes and receptors at schools, pubs and churches whose quality of visual amenity is neither particularly good nor particularly poor. Residential receptors, users of PROW and visitors to tourist, leisure and countryside destinations within the study area would be assigned this sensitivity if the quality of their visual amenity was rated as poor. Indoor workers, users of main roads and visitors to sports facilities would be assigned this sensitivity if the quality of their visual amenity is considered to be very good or exceptional. Receptors with low sensitivity would generally be Indoor workers, users of main roads and visitors to sports facilities whose quality of visual amenity is considered to be poor, moderate or good. Outdoor workers, users of scenic transport routes and receptors at schools, pubs and churches would be assigned this level of sensitivity when the quality of their visual amenity is considered to be poor Viewpoints Representative viewpoints from across the study area are shown on figures CCBBJ-ATK-00-XX-PH-L to CCBBJ-ATK-00-XX-PH-L and their locations are mapped on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L The Cambridge Skyline Guidance (Guidance for the application of Policy 3/13 (Tall Buildings and the Skyline) of the Cambridge Local Plan (2006)) is a material consideration in the review of planning applications submitted to the Council. The generally level topography of the City and its environs results in limited vantage points to enable views of the whole City skyline. As a result of this, the guidance identifies 13 strategic viewpoints of which three are relevant to this study are and described below. The view from Castle Hill Mound, adjacent to Shire Hall, is identified by Cambridge City Council as Strategic Viewpoint 1 within the Cambridge Skyline Guidance. There are views from this location in a westwards direction across the study area, however, the focus of this view is mainly in the direction of the city centre and of local key buildings with the study area south of the A1303 and A428 forming a small part of the background of the view. The extent of the view from this location is illustrated on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L The view from public footpath 55/2 known as Madingley Rise is identified by Cambridge City Council as Strategic Viewpoint 2 within the Cambridge Skyline Guidance. This is described as the first point at which the Cambridge skyline is visible from the west. The view opens up part-way down the path beyond a tall field hedgerow and extends to rising ground beyond Cambridge. The extent of the view from this location is illustrated on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L The view from Red Meadow Hill in Coton Countryside Reserve is identified by Cambridge City Council as Strategic Viewpoint 3 within the Cambridge Skyline Guidance. From here the view looks north eastwards towards the urban edge of Cambridge across intervening farmland with the M11 in the middle distance. To the north, traffic along the A1303 on the ridgeline where the American Military Cemetery is located. The view beyond passing traffic is contained by the woodland of Madingley Wood. The extent of the view from this location is illustrated on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

38 The planning context for these strategic viewpoints attaches some weight in relation to buildings, landscapes and settings with particular emphasis on Listed Buildings, their settings and Conservation Areas. Much of the Cambridge Skyline Guidance relates to new applications for tall buildings and in this sense a proposed busway is unlikely to have any significant effect on the skyline given that it is a low level structure however it could affect the amenity from which the skyline is viewed and, in an extreme example, block the view all together. The combined extent of the view from each of the above three viewpoints is illustrated on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L Key Visual Receptors Residential Potential receptors within the study area include residential areas on the western edge of Cambridge, the villages of Coton, Madingley, Hardwick and Caldecote and Cambourne at the western extent of the area. A number of individual farms and properties between these areas may also be effected depending on the final selected route. The key areas of residential receptors are set out below in Table 5.5. The extent and effect on these receptors can be fully defined when a preferred option is identified. A series of sightlines and a cross section have been prepared for the area around Coton and are shown on drawings CCBBJ-ATK DR-L and CCBBJ-ATK DR-L respectively. Table 5.5 Visual receptors Location of Residential Receptor Description of Receptor and Extent of View Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Sensitivity Properties on the western edge of Cambridge Located between Madingley Road A1303 to the north, Barton Road A603 to the south and Grange Road to the east Perry Court Stacey Lane Wilberforce Road Immediately west of Cambridge Lawn Tennis Club with upper floor views over the tennis club and filtered views to the University Sports Ground to the south Corner properties at the junction of Wilberforce Road and Stacey Lane overlook Emmanuel College Sports ground to the south west and the tennis club in the middle distance to the west. Properties overlooking this road have views westwards across Emmanuel Sports ground and some filtered views to the University Sports Ground to the south west. Moderate High High Moderate High High Good High High Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

39 Location of Residential Receptor Description of Receptor and Extent of View Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Sensitivity Adams Road Grange Road Herschel Road Cranmer Road This residential street connects Wilberforce Lane and Grange Road. Frontages of properties overlook the street and rear views are generally of gardens of adjoining properties. Towards the eastern end receptors overlook Trinity College Old Field Sports Ground that is bounded on two sides by residential uses. This commences at Madingley Road in the north and extends for about 1.5km in a north south alignment to Barton Road in the south. For most of its length it is framed by residential properties and university buildings such as the Cambridge University Library, sports grounds and college buildings. Views beyond these uses to adjoining open countryside are not possible because of built form or intervening vegetation. Rear upper story views from properties to the south onto open ground and to the Cambridge University Rugby Union Football Club. Views extend to middle ground and towards adjoining residential properties. Some receptors in properties have mainly northward middle ground views towards the Cambridge University Rugby Union Football Club and adjoining small fields adjacent to Bin Brook. Intervening vegetation limits longer views to the west and Good High High Moderate High High Moderate High High Moderate High High Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

40 Location of Residential Receptor Description of Receptor and Extent of View Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Sensitivity north at the western end of this road. Dane Drive Gough Way Coton Village Some rear garden and upper story views northwards across fields from residential properties in the direction of the University Sports Ground. Intervening vegetation filters views to the middle ground. Limited rear garden views and upper storey views from residential properties looking westwards across fields towards the M11. Intervening vegetation and flat topography combined with roadside vegetation along the motorway means that the M11 is largely hidden from view. The size and layout of the village is such that most of the properties have views across adjoining countryside. Views to the south west tend to be more limited due to the extent of boundary vegetation and pockets of small woodland, whereas views south are more open across playing fields and arable land. Moderate High High Moderate High High Brook Lane and Grantchester Road Cambridge Road Receptors in these properties generally have views eastwards and southwards although these are often limited by intervening screening vegetation to foreground views. This road connects northwards to Madingley Road/St Neots Road A1303. Only receptors in properties on the very edge of the village have Moderate High High Moderate High High Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

41 Location of Residential Receptor Description of Receptor and Extent of View Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Sensitivity open views across the neighbouring arable land that extends northwards to a ridgeline on Madingley Road. Receptors on the eastern side of the road at the edge of the village have views northwards across orchards towards Coton Orchard Garden Centre which is located in the middle distance. High Street Whitwell Way This street is located centrally within the village. The density of tree cover and other vegetation is such at most views out to open countryside are limited to upper storey views for receptors for a small number of properties that look northwards over adjoining arable land or southwards over a group of small scale fields south of St Peter s Church and a small cul-de-sac called St Catherine s Hall. This extends westwards from St Peter s Church and Coton C of E Primary School towards Whitwell Farm. Receptors in properties fronting the road have northwards views from upper storeys across arable land on rising ground towards the horizon less than 1 km away. A small estate of homes lies to the south of Whitwell Way mainly formed by Silverdale Avenue, Silverdale Close and St Peter s Road. Receptors in properties here have more internal facing views and only those on the southern and western edge have any outward views and these are restricted by tall vegetation along Bin Good High High Good High High Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

42 Location of Residential Receptor Description of Receptor and Extent of View Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Sensitivity Brook and woodland to the west of Whitwell Farm. The Footpath Hardwick Main Street Manor Crescent This road and track commences at The Plough public house and runs in an easterly direction before entering woodland to the west of the M11. Visual receptors in properties to the north overlook the road and have clear views southwards over the village recreation ground and Coton Cricket Club. Views beyond are restricted by dense hedgerow vegetation. Properties with residential receptors on the south edge of the village have open views to the east, southeast and south over open agricultural land limited occasionally by intervening belts of vegetation. Receptors have limited views to the west because of existing development. More open views easterly over falling ground but intervening vegetation limits the extent of these views. At the southern end of Main Street views to the south are longer distance although hedgerows and hedgerow trees contain these views. Receptors in properties on the outer edge of this road have mainly upper floor views to adjoining farmland. Eastward views are limited by Redbrick Plantation in the middle distance and southwards views are more open as the landform gently falls Good High High Moderate High High Good High High Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

43 Location of Residential Receptor Description of Receptor and Extent of View Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Sensitivity within larger scale agricultural fields. The Pastures Grace Crescent St Neots Road Caldecote Highfields Road Properties on this western edge of the village have receptors with views westwards and south westwards across mainly open farmland. A woodland belt running south from Walls s Farm limits views to the west in the middle distance. Landform to the southwest falls gently over open agricultural field. A small sewage farm is located adjacent to Port Way recreational path. Views from properties off Main Street are to the middle distance towards woodland south of Walls s Farm and are likely to be restricted to upper storey rooms only. Views from properties along St Neots Road have views across the road and enclosed by a mature hedgerow along the northern boundary. Properties and associated receptors to the north of the village and some to the south have views out across open agricultural land towards Bourn Airport. Intervening garden vegetation and woodland belts limit some views to the foreground and middle ground. Properties on this road have limited views out to adjoining open farmland. Many have long back gardens or paddocks and woodland to the rear which limit or filter views for receptors. Good High High Good High High Moderate High High Good High High Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

44 Location of Residential Receptor Description of Receptor and Extent of View Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Sensitivity West Drive The Willows Highfield Farm Bourne Airfield Cambourne Receptors here have clear frontage views to the north towards the A428 across arable land. Other receptors have westwards views toward Bourn airport and an industrial complex. Views are variable in length but limited by vegetation in New Ban Plantation and other woodland that connects to Bucket Hill Plantation. These properties off West Drive have some upper story views across open fields Located outside the village to the north east on a private road and public footpath, receptors in this location have contained views limited to the foreground and middle ground as a result boundary vegetation and individual trees. This site is subject to residential redevelopment there are no residential receptors within the site. The Grange is on the periphery of the site to the south, although this property looks mainly to the south away from Cambourne/Upper Cambourne. All option routes will approach Cambourne from the Bourn Airfield site across Broadway and into the eastern part of Cambourne (known as Upper Cambourne) where it will follow the existing road network. Visual effects will as a result be minimal given the use of existing roads. Depending on the route, properties looking out from the edge Moderate High High Moderate High High Moderate High High Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

45 Location of Residential Receptor Description of Receptor and Extent of View Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Sensitivity of this development onto open areas will potentially be effected. Some existing properties such Great Common Farm on the periphery of Cambourne and the airfield may be effected Public/Recreational The study area has a network of local footpaths and bridleways with some visitor attractions and sports facilities. A number of the recreational routes take an east west alignment along the study area and include a path that is variously referred to as the Wimpole Way, Harcamlow Way, Whitwell Way and Port Way in its route from Cambridge City Centre towards Caldecote. The location of public rights of way within the study area and Coton Country Park/Countryside Reserve are shown on drawing CCBBJ-ATK DR-L Table 5.6 Public and recreational receptors Name/Location of Public Receptor or Public Right of Way Description of Receptor Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Sensitivity Wimpole Way, Harcamlow Way, Whitwell Way and Port Way is referenced from east to west as 55/9, 30/30, 55/1, 20/1,53/3, 52/2, 114/4,114/5, 38/4 and 38/5 Coton Countryside Reserve has a number of public footways and bridleways that pass through it including 55/3, 55/5, 55/6, 55/7 and 55/10 Public footpath 55/2 passes through This recreational path has open views along much of its route. Views tend to be more contained and limited as it passes through the villages of Coton and Hardwick and within the urban context of Cambridge and as it enters the city centre. Although having various names along its route it is generally known as the Wimpole Way as it terminates at Wimpole Hall about 8km south of Cambourne. Views are predominantly of surrounding agricultural land with some areas of meadow and information points. From high ground at Red Meadow Hill there is an open panoramic view which is featured as Strategic Viewpoint 3 in the Cambridge Skyline Guidance. The woodland restricts views to the immediate Very Good High High Very Good High High Good High High Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

46 Name/Location of Public Receptor or Public Right of Way Description of Receptor Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Sensitivity Madingley Wood just to the west of the American Cemetery. foreground from this footpath. Public bridleway 154/2 commences at Cambridge Road to the east of Madingley and passes across open farmland in a north easterly direction. Public footway 154/3 extends from Cambridge Road in a north easterly direction from east of Madingley. Public footpath 52/1 forms a loop off Port Way (Wimpole Way) and connects into the village of Hardwick Public footpath 66/17 takes a northerly direction from the A428 to the north of Hardwick falling gradually into small valley. Public footpath 38/9 runs to the east of the village of Caldecote and then continues as a path towards the de-trunked A428 to the west of Hardwick. Public Bridleway 38/3 connects in to the south eastern edge of Caldecote. Public Bridleway 26/15 links Caldecote with Crow End. Other Public Footpaths such as the 26/2, 279/1 and 279/4 are located within Cambourne and The falling and open nature of the topography provide clear and open views from this bridleway. The open nature of the topography provide clear and open views from this path It is partly located in a valley bottom which tends to restrict views but where on higher ground these can be more expansive but also can be restricted by intervening vegetation. The nature of the topography tends restrict views and intervening hedgerow vegetation limits longer views. The open ground to the north and east provide clear views to properties in adjoining Hardwick and properties on the detrunked A428. Vegetation to the west limits views to Caldecote. Views from it are limited by tall boundary vegetation. Tall hedgerow vegetation restricts views across adjoining fields to middle ground views. These paths have limited long views and as noted exist are within an urban context as part of Good High High Good High High Good High High Good High High Moderate Moderate Moderate Good High High Good High High Moderate High High Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

47 Name/Location of Public Receptor or Public Right of Way Description of Receptor Quality/Value of Visual Amenity Susceptibility to the Proposed Change Sensitivity as a result they are within an urban context. greenspace within Cambourne. American Cemetery, Madingley Cambridge Lawn Tennis Club and University Sports Ground Views are predominantly focused on the Cemetery itself and contained by mature vegetation and stone walls. Views from the entrance include passing traffic on the A1303 and there are some distant views towards Cambridge to the north east as a result of the elevated position. Views are contained by mature vegetation around the Sports Ground and include filtered views towards nearby residential properties. Very Good High High Good Low Low Transport The main road network within the study area consist of the A428, the A1303 and the M11. A network of more minor rural roads extends beyond this to connect villages and other settlements. On the western urban edge of Cambridge a denser network of roads serves residential, educational and employment sites. Users of these roads will have a low sensitivity to change in views and visual amenity and would therefore be unlikely to be subject of significant landscape and/or visual effects Commercial Within the study area there are a number of large employment sites, mostly on the western edge of Cambridge. These include the large University of Cambridge off Madingley Road, centred around JJ Thompson Avenue and Charles Babbage Road where the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Cambridge Computer Laboratory are located. A new business/science park facility is also being developed on the Huntingdon Road in Girton. Other smaller locations of employment exist within the rural areas between Cambridge and Cambridge. All these locations and the users of them will have a low sensitivity to change in views and visual amenity and would therefore be unlikely to be subject of significant landscape and/or visual effects. Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

48 6. Recommendations The recommendations identified below have been identified on the basis of our understanding of the project and its current stage, our review of planning policy and design guidance, site knowledge and experience from previous projects. These recommendations set out the next steps, additional requirements and recommendations may evolve in consultation with the relevant planning officers and as the findings and implications of each study are understood Planning Although full details of the proposed Scheme are not yet available, it is likely that the most appropriate consenting route is likely to be a Transport and Works Act Order (TWAO). A TWAO would simplify the required acquisition of land through compulsory purchase, and temporary possession of land for construction needs. It would also allow for other consents to be approved simultaneously. The proposed Scheme has the potential, by virtue of its type, scale, location to result in significant effects. The Scheme is therefore likely to be considered as development requiring Environmental Impact Assessment. It is recommended that the next step is for an Environmental Scoping Report to be produced to define the scope of environmental assessment (topics to be included and the scope of their assessments) to obtain agreement from the Local Planning Authorities (both Cambridge City Council and South Cambridgeshire) and Cambridgeshire County Council. The third column of Table 2.1 Planning Appraisal should be referred to regarding recommendations to ensure planning policy compliance. In order to better understand the likelihood of the Scheme achieving consent, the Scheme alignment and design needs to be progressed further, and preliminary environmental assessment for relevant topics (agreed through the EIA scoping process) undertaken, building upon preliminary WebTAG assessment of route alignment options considered to date. Fundamental to the appropriateness of the Scheme in planning terms, is the Scheme s compliance or departure from Green Belt policy. It is recommended that pre-application consultation is undertaken with the planning authorities to establish whether the Scheme is likely to comprise inappropriate development within the Green Belt. This will hinge upon the Scheme s need for a Green Belt location, and the Scheme s likely effect on the five purposes of including land within the Green Belt. This discussion may need to be supported by a Green Belt Assessment which would consider how the proposed route would affect each of the five purposes of Green Belt and if necessary how this can be justified or mitigated. Atkins has developed a robust and defensible policy off methodology for Green Belt assessment, which would be appropriate in this context. The first stage of this process would be a detailed review of the assessment work already carried out by the local planning authorities. If the Scheme is considered to be inappropriate development, then it will be necessary to justify exceptional circumstances requiring development within the Green Belt Landscape Undertake a tree survey of the proposed corridor to allow potential impacts to be avoided during design development and subsequent Arboricultural Impact Assessment and Tree Protection Plan. Focus design development on minimising visual impact on properties the wider landscape particularly where the route may need to pass along higher ground. Develop an approach to integrating the proposal with the Whitwell Way, Harcamlow Way and Wimpole Way whilst minimising visual intrusion and proving opportunities to enhance the journey experience. Prepare a Landscape Concept Plan in advance of consultation to the specification detailed in the South Cambridgeshire District Council Landscape in New Developments Supplementary Planning Document, considering also potential for off-site landscape treatment. Prepare a series of typical route cross-sections, illustrating how the corridor would interface with different adjacent land uses (open farmland, PRoWs, road corridors, hedgerows, woodland, park and ride etc). Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

49 Prepare an outline Landscape and Environmental Management Plan to achieve stakeholder buy-in confirm landscape and environmental objectives and approach to delivery, maintenance, management and monitoring Design Prepare an overall design approach/concept which identifies key principles that will be followed at each stage of the Scheme. This should take into consideration the design approaches suggested by the guidance documents referred to above and should explore the development of a Green Lanes approach to see the Scheme become a positive environmental asset. Hold a joint engineering, landscape and planning design workshop to progress towards a suitable alignment and minimise locations where the alignment may need to move up and down slopes. Undertake a study into potential surfacing, kerb and fencing treatments considering their appropriateness in relation to appearance, engineering function, sustainability, resilience and adaptability. Develop understanding of drainage requirements how run-off would need to be treated within a SuDS system to remove any contaminants Consultation Prepare a Stakeholder Management Plan which identifies all relevant stakeholders and addresses the approach to how and when they will be consulted. If relevant, working groups and stakeholder lead contacts will be identified for key stakeholders or groups of stakeholders related to a particular theme, for example environment. Potential stakeholders / stakeholder groups include: South Cambridgeshire District Council Cambridge City Council Natural England Historic England Environment Agency Cambridge Green Infrastructure Forum Local Trees and Design Action Group Hold an initial workshop with key environmental stakeholders to present the work undertaken so far and discuss: Constraints and opportunities associated with the alignment (location, sensitive features, and opportunities for green infrastructure connectivity). Constraints and opportunities associated with the design (materials, earthworks, planting, park and ride). Documentation and evidence they would require to make an informed judgement on the proposals. Understand if this project could draw in funding from, or link up with, other ongoing initiatives to provide further enhancement opportunities (for example providing open space and countryside access opportunities alongside the route). Atkins Landscape and Planning Appraisal Version 1.0 January

50 Ian Lanchbury Atkins The Axis 10 Holliday Street Birmingham B1 1TF Atkins Ltd except where stated otherwise. The Atkins logo, Carbon Critical Design and the strapline Plan Design Enable are trademarks of Atkins Ltd.