JICA Forum /

Transcription

1 JICA Forum /

2 Damage by the Earthquake Scale: Magnitude 7.3(JMA)<Mw6.9> Max. Seismic Intensity: 7 on JMA scale Epicenter: South of Hyogo (North Awaji) Dead/Missing:6,434/3 Financial Damage: 9.9 trillion yen(2%of GDP) Max. refugees: 316,678 Max. no. of shelters: 1,153 Buildings damaged: 256,754 Seismic intensity 7 Source: Masahiko Murata

3 Source: Kobe City Damage Survey Data

4 Feature of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake The earthquake hit directly the big and highly developed city with population of 3.6 million Many people lived in densely area. Scarcity of spaces large number of the refugees to be secured Damage of Lifeline( Electricity Gas Water Telephone Railroad Road etc.)which critically affects the economy and society. Damage for Service Industry(Retail, Tourism, Restaurant etc.) Flow of people and economy was cut off.

5 82.5 Billion US$ Worth Damage (\ 9.9Tri) Public Facilities 9% Business 7% $ 82.5Bil Lifelines 25% Buildings 59%

6 Fire The number of fire occurrence on Jan 17 :86 Burned Area: 70ha The number of burned buildings: 7,500 buildings

7 Headquarters were Damaged Source: Kobe City Source: Hyogo Pref. Source: Hyogo Pref. Kobe Municipal Government HYOGO Prefecture Government

8 Electric Power, Telephone Line, Water Supply were Cut off Source: Hyogo Pref. - Hyogo Government s Satellite Communication system also fell down - Deep Well of the Hyogo Gov t survived

9 Long Queue to get Water (Nagata, Kobe) Source: Kobe City

10 Landslide (Nigawa Yurino-cho, Nishinomiya) Source: Hyogo Pref.

11 Urban Disaster: Many Stakeholders for Recovery Sannomiya Station (Central Kobe) just after the Eq. Source: Hyogo Pref. Japan Railway, Hankyu Railway, Kobe Subway, Bus service, Street roads, Water, Sewerage, Electricity, Telecommunication, Urban Re-development, Land Readjustment projects with Public-Private partnership (Shin-Nagata, Rokko etc.)

12 Progress of Reconstruction (Urban Infra) Main recovery projects Roads Chugoku Expressway Meishin Expressway Hanshin Wangan Expressway Route 2 Hamate Bypass Harbor Highway Hanshin Expressway Kobe Route Railway JR West (Kobe Line) JR West (Sanyo Shinkansen) Hankyu Railways (Kobe Line) Hanshin Railways (Main line) Kobe Shinkotsu (Rokko Liner) Ports Kobe Port Amagasaki-Nishinomiya-Ashiya Port Date of completion 21.Jul Jul Sep May Aug Sep Apr Apr Jun Jun Aug Mar Mar.1997

13 The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Reconstruction Plan (Hyogo Phoenix Plan) Quite important to give Hope for the future: Our Cities will recover better than before!! Started 4 days after the disaster Adopted in July 1995 (took 6 months) Targeted completion: 2005 Targeted areas: 10 Cities and 10 Towns

14 Hyogo Phoenix Plan Creative Reconstruction ---Build Back Better than pre-quake-- Harmonious Coexistence between People & Nature/Society Five pillars Creation of a WELFARE society tailored for the 21 st century Creation of a CULTURALLY rich society open to the world Creation of a society where existing Industries grow and new INDUSTRIES flourish Creation of a DISASTER-RESILIENT metropolis where people can live with confidence URBAN DEVELOPMENT with multi-centered networktype metropolitan area

15 Priority 3-year Reconstruction Plans 1) Housing 2)Industry 3)Infra Structure Planned Target Housing (Unit) 125,000 (Order base) Achieved 173,300* (139%) Industry 100.0% (Net Reg. Product base) Infrastructure 5.7 tril (Budget base) 101.7% 5.87 tril (103%) Overall target level was achieved by March 1998 * As of end of March 2000 (169,000 as of 1998)

16 Shelters / Temporary Houses HYOGO PREFECTURE Emergency Shelters (Schools) 1,153 shelters with 320,000 refugees (just after) Provided temporary houses (Totally 48,300 units --- met the needs) Source: Hyogo Pref. Source: Hyogo Pref. Special care is necessary for Women, Elderly, Disabled, Children -

17 Importance of Quake-Resistance Housing 88% of the victims were by building collapse Main Cause of Death No. of death (3) 2% (1) Collapse of Buildings 4,831 88% (2) 10% (2) Fire % (3) Others (Slide, Transportation) 121 2% (1) 88% Total 5,502 Hyogo Pref. Police HQ

18 Building Damage by construction date 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% <Data from building survey in Central Kobe: 923bldgs> 25% 57% 75% 40% 31% 35% 16% (17) 12% (5) 8% (3) <Index> Collapse/ Ser. Dmg (Collapse) Moderate/ Minor Slight/No Damage In Japan, millions of houses are built before 1981, which are not seismic resistant: needs reinforcement

19 Housing Recovery HYOGO PREFECTURE Reconstruction of Private Housing Low interest housing loan Interest subsidy for housing loan Privately-owned Rental Housing House rent subsidy Promoting the supply of privatelyowned rental housing Public Housing Source: Hyogo Pref. Promoting the supply of public housing (42,137 houses) 19 Reducing the rent burden for public housing (for 10 years)

20 Importance of Reinforcement of Existing Buildings Built under Old Building Code (-1981) 90% of deaths of the GHA Eq were caused by collapsed buildings Source: Hyogo Pref. Promoting earthquake resistant homes and public facilities (1) Formulation of Promotion Plan for Earthquake- Resistant Renovation Works in Hyogo (2) Promotion Project for Earthquake-Resistant Renovation work for homeowners : Subsidies for seismic evaluation, developpiing plans for earthquake-resistant renovation work, and actual renovation works (3) Earthquake-resistant renovation works for government- owned public buildings To be used as hubs for emergency and/or for relief activities and evacuation sites for disaster victims (schools, hospitals, police offices etc.) Attached braces

21 Importance of Reinforcement of Existing Buildings Built under 学校の耐震補強 Old Building Code (-1981) Schools; Reinforced by steel braces Source: Hyogo Pref.

22 Retrofitted Yakami Elementary School Sasayama (Completed in 2012, C=\147mil.) Wooden School built in 1937, a Symbol of the City Source: Sasayama City Special reinforcement method for walls and bases was developed using the E-Defence Shaking Talbe 22

23 Reinforcement of inflastructures nationwide Hanshin Highway; Piers were covered with steel plates Source: Hyogo Pref.

24 Recovery of Historical Buildings ; Recovery of Tourism Industry Source: Hyogo Pref. Recovered stronger than before

25 Recovery of Towns and Community Land Re-adjustment Projects (LR) Urban Re-development Projects Community Participation Merits and Demerits should be well discussed Consensus Formation Among Residents Through Community Development Council

26 Land Readjustment Projects in Kobe Consensus building among local residents through Community development council meeting ; Government sent town planning experts to each community Damage ratio 66% 67% 70% 80% 92% 83% 80% 98% 91% 66% 80% Total 13 LR Areas in Hyogo (256ha) Source: Kobe City

27 Land Readjustment Projects in Kobe Source: Kobe City

28 Community Involvement for Land Readjustment Planning City Government published its initial LR plan, and got hundreds of negative comments Community involvement for LR Planning Establishment of the Community Development Conference Gov.sent experts and Reflected the opinions of citizens 2 Stages LR planning was introduced 1 st :Gov.decides the overall urban planning 2 nd :Community draw their detailed plan and finalize the Plan with mutual consensus Source: Hyogo Pref. Source: Hyogo Pref.

29 Two Stages Urban Planning for L.R. Projects Matsumoto Area Source: Kobe City City Planning in the 1st Stage: 17 Mar 1995 Decision of the area of the L.R. Project and City Planning Roads Contents of the Community Development Proposal by Community Development Conference: 10 Dec.1995 City Planning in the 2nd Stage (1) Alteration and Addition in City Planning: 27 Mar.1996 Additional City Planning Roads Decision of City Planning Parks (2) Approval of the L.R. Project: 26 Mar. 1996

30 Matsumoto 松本地区の区画整理前後の比較 Area, before and after the L.R. Before 被災前 the Eq. Just 被災直後 after the Eq. After 区画整理の後 the L.R. (Photo by Kobe City) Completed on 24 Dec

31 Land Readjustment Projects for Build Back Better Recovery Matsumoto, Kobe Rokkomichi St. North, Kobe Source: Kobe City Matsumoto Street W=17m Pictures from Kobe City Rokko-machi Street W=17m

32 Before Land Readjustment Project in Nishinomiya Immediately after the Earthquake (Nishinomiya City) Source: Nishinomiya City 32

33 After Land Readjustment Project in Nishinomiya After Land Readjustment 整備後 ((Nishinomiya 西宮市 ) City) Source: Nishinomiya City 33

34 Source: Kob Parks for DRR Public Parks for DRR <Build Back Better/ Creative Reconstruction> Open Spaces such as Parks in urban area are important for DRR For temporary evacuation Special benches at parks will be used as cooking facilities or toilets. Under the ground, anti-seismic reservoirs are berried for emergency water supply

35 Slight damage at Naya Bazar in Kathmandu (Land Pooling Project area) Well Planed Urban Area had almost no damage To prepare worse scenario; BBB Recovery and Pre-disaster Urban Planning should be considered Open Street Map Photo by Masahiko Murata

36 Importance of Quality of Materials Photo by M.Murata in Chautara o by M.Murata in Bahktapul Photo by M.Murata in Bahktapul Poor quality concrete and less steel bars are not strong enough

37 What we can / should do from Hyogo According to Mr. Seiji Suwa, EARTH, Hyogo Situation & Consciousness 1.New anti-seismic school building and retrofitting of existing building will be done by international donors. 2.However, only hard infrastructure is not enough for the Recovery of Education system Expected support from Hyogo 1.Project with an idea of DRR culture takes root in the local society. Cooperation with School Earthquake Safety Program by the NGO in Nepal

38 What we can /will do from Hyogo Support for Sustainable DRR Education Mr. Seiji Suwa, EARTH, Hyogo Hyogo Donation Fund Team Hyogo Universities and Institutes NPOs, NGOs Local Government and Educational Board Corporations and Citizens Expected Goals DRR Education are continuously held at the Model Schools and Model Areas. DRR textbooks and teachers manuals are completed and classes are implemented in a school term. DRR Education is done in model schools reconstructed in seismic resistant design by international donors. Team Nepal continues sustainable DRR activities at the model areas. Project outcomes are presented and implemented internationally. Support Activities DRR Education at Schools and Communities (Construction of Earthquake resitant School Buildings) Construction and Retrofitting of Earthquake resistant School Buildings Collapsed school buildings are reconstructed and damaged school buildings are retrofitted at the model schools, which become the symbol of Earthquake Preparedness in the community. Collaboration for the school construction project is expected to international donors This project are completed through the collaboration of School Earthquake Safety Program bynset. Team Nepal Universities and Institutes NPOs, NGOs Department of Education Corporations and Citizens Building up Sustainable Program of DRR Education Team Nepal & Hyogo cooperate to select Model Areas (1~2) and a few Model Schools Team Hyogo visit the model schools to implement model classes. Seminars for teachers are also organized. Based on the Action Plans jointly made by Team Hyogo & Nepal, teachers at model schools and Team Nepal implement DRR Education. The frequency of implementation at model schools is determined by both teams (once a week/month). Seminars for the teachers are held approximately once in a term at model areas. The duration of the program is about three years. At the end of the program, textbooks and teachers manuals are made mainly by the elaboration of Team Nepal. DRR Education are continued, using the textbooks and manuals made by Team Nepal. Building up Sustainable Program of Disaster Preparedness at Communities Seminars on DRR are held for the local citizens. Team Hyogo implement this program at the beginning, ex. Kaeru Caravan by + Arts, and gradually Team Nepal is expected to succeed in the program.

39 Telling Live Lessons Learned from the Disaster Actions to pass on the lessons of the disaster Verification of the disaster and recommendations Disseminating the experience and the lessons learned from disaster Source: Hyogo Pref. The 1.17 Hyogo Memorial Walk Passing Down - The collection of the lessons from the Great Hanshin- Awaji Earthquake Source: Hyogo Pref. Preservation and utilization of the disaster remains Source: Hyogo Pref. Nojima Fault Preservation Museum Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution 39

40 1934 Nepal-Bihar Eq. Monument at Bhugol Park (build in 1938) Message on the Monument of 1934 Nepal-Behar Eq. Medicines and blankets were distributed to the affected peoples with the help of Army Bamboo, CGI sheets and straw were handed over to make shelters for the peoples Government permitted to take woods from the forests at no costs and availed the bricks and imported CGI sheets at reasonable prices Zero interest 4 years loan was set to save peoples from high rate loan by money lenders Peoples rebuilt their houses wider and in better condition than before Newspaper reported Nepal has rebuilt on its own within 5 years Foreigners (British, Japanese and Indian) sent donations Tax for necessities of life was reduced Various BBB recovery support for affected people was introduced 80 years ago M. Murata,DRI Photo by Masahiko Murata Experiences Memorial and and Educational lessons from Facility the for 1934 DRR Eq. (such has as been DRI) faded will be away effective after for 80 years future?! DRR 40 40

41 Transfer Live Lessons from the GHAEQ Hanshin Awaji Earthquake Memorial Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution DRI Source: DRI

42 Source: DRI Never Forget the GHAEQ World s Largest DRR Educational Museum 500,000 visitors every year to learn Kobe Experiences <Got 6.8mil. Total visitors until March2016> 60% are students for school excursion 5% from abroad (Vietnam, Malaysia, Korea, Thai, China, Indonesia---) Supported by 150 voluntary staff

43 Thank you for your attention!!! Prof. Kansai University of International Studies (KUIS) Research Fellow, Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution (DRI) Masahiko MURATA DRI 43