PRESERVATION. July 15, THIRD STREET, 91 BOLIVAR DRIVE & 600 ADDISON WAY, BERKELEY, CA HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL EVALUATION

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PRESERVATION A R C H I T E C T U R E July 15, 2009 2222 THIRD STREET, 91 BOLIVAR DRIVE & 600 ADDISON WAY, BERKELEY, CA HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL EVALUATION This historic architectural report documents

1 PRESERVATION A R C H I T E C T U R E July 15, THIRD STREET, 91 BOLIVAR DRIVE & 600 ADDISON WAY, BERKELEY, CA HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL EVALUATION This historic architectural report documents and summarizes the built resources housed on a single, large parcel in West Berkeley. Specific findings to this historic architectural evaluation are provided at the end of this document, and conclusions are summarized on the final page. The parcel (APN , located in BLTIA Tract 2) is bound by Addison Way to the north, Bolivar Drive to the west, Bancroft Way at the south, and the Southern Pacific Rail Road (formerly Third Street) at the east. Originally bisected by Allston and Second Streets which were abandoned by 1900 this large parcel is thus two blocks long north-to-south and one-plus block wide east-to-west (a sliver of land, since joined to the parcel, originally laid west of Second Street). The shoreline of Aquatic Park, which in this location roughly corresponds to the original shoreline of San Francisco Bay, lies to the west, across Bolivar. Over its length, the subject parcel is divided into four discrete sub-parcels, roughly corresponding to the north and south halves of the two original blocks: At the northern end of the overall parcel, on Addison Way, a large warehouse building referred to as 600 Addison; At the southern two-thirds of the block between Addison and (former) Allston, facing Bolivar, a large, commercial structure at 91 Bolivar Dr.; At the northern third of the original block between Bancroft and Allston, and essentially facing the railroad tracks, a group of structures collectively identified as 2222 Third Street; To the south on Bancroft, a lot that has been open and unimproved since the mid-1970s. Situated between the natural shoreline of San th Street #302 Oakland mhulbert@earthlink.net 600 ADDISON 91 BOLIVAR 2222 THIRD Fig.1: Location Plan (north is up)

2 Francisco Bay and the 19th century railway, the urban setting of this parcel was geographically important. In the 1870s, before Berkeley was first incorporated, these blocks adjoined one of the centers of the emerging town, then known as Ocean View (see BLTIA map, attached). The original plan for this bayside land was industrial, and by 1876 industry settled hereon, in the form of the Standard Soap Company. While the geographic setting was subsequently altered by construction of the Eastshore Highway (c1935) and the creation of the inland lagoon of Aquatic Park (as well as Bolivar Dr.) to the west resulting in the relocation of the shoreline it has also been affected by development patterns, whereby the importance of the railroad and, consequently, of adjacent industrial properties is diminished. Today, immediate land uses have largely shifted from industrial to commercial, while the waterfront of the bay has likewise shifted from private industry to public access and recreation. A physical characteristic of this water side site is its topography. Up-sloping east-to-west, the western edge across its length, once the shoreline, remains low, while all of the buildings are constructed upslope. By 1920, the Standard Soap Co. factory that first occupied the northern half of this property was gone. But for several small industrial structures at the north end of the property on Addison, the northern half of the overall property then stood largely empty (see 1929 Sanborn Map, attached). During this period, a large warehouse, with its long frontage on the railroad, stood at the south end of the property on Bancroft. From 1900 to 1950, this structure was first storage (for Tillmann & Bendel, coffee importers), then a fruit packing warehouse (Suncrest Packers), and finally a machine shop (Westinghouse Electric). That warehouse building was removed in 1972 (Assessor s Records). Since, there have been no structures at the south end of the parcel Third Street In , where several outpost residences previously stood along the west side of the Third Street and the railroad south of Allston, a paint factory was constructed and first occupied by the John Lucas Paint and Varnish Works, a regional plant of a national paint company headquartered in the East. Based on permit records and maps, five paint factory structures were erected between 1920 and 1923: 1. The northernmost building, standing east-towest, a one-story warehouse joined to a varnish house; 2. Along the railroad in a long, north-south configuration, a two-story paint mill joined to a one-story paint storage structure; 3. In the relative center of the complex, a tank building; 4. An auto and storage shed, standing lengthwise north-south along the western extent of the complex; 5. A small outbuilding to the south of the tank building (identified in later documents as a locker room). In 1930, at the outset of the Depression, the buildings of the Lucas Co. became those of the Triangle Paint Co., who remained in operation at this location into the 1980s (Polk s Directories). Fig.2: 1929 Sanborn Map (north is up) MHPA HREVAL P2

Portions of each of the c1920 paint factory structures yet remain: 1. The one-story warehouse structure is wood frame and metal clad.

Of the extant structures associated with the former paint factory, this warehouse structure is the most intact and appears to be in relatively sound condition (Fig.3). 2.

Each has windows along their east elevations, facing the tracks, and which may be original. The two-story paint mill structure is partially timber framed, and has a low-slope or flat roof.

While the east side of this combined structure may be similar to what it was originally, the west elevation reveals the extent to which the building has been changed, with many curious and precarious

3 Portions of each of the c1920 paint factory structures yet remain: 1. The one-story warehouse structure is wood frame and metal clad. It appears that the original varnish shop section at the west end of this building was removed, and where a small, covered loading area built of concrete now stands. Of the extant structures associated with the former paint factory, this warehouse structure is the most intact and appears to be in relatively sound condition (Fig.3). 2. The original paint mill and paint storage structure are both wood frame, the former metal clad and the latter wood clad. Each has windows along their east elevations, facing the tracks, and which may be original. The two-story paint mill structure is partially timber framed, and has a low-slope or flat roof. A low, wood frame shed, partially infilled and partially open, extends across the north. The paint mill building is covered with a row of three gabled roofs. While the east side of this combined structure may be similar to what it was originally, the west elevation reveals the extent to which the building has been changed, with many curious and precarious accretions and alterations, including a shed addition attached to the west side of the paint mill building (Fig.4, 9, 12). 3. In the relative center of the complex, the former tank building is of timber and wood frame with metal cladding. At the center of this building is a gabled structure with a loft extending above its roof at its northern half. This core structure, with its loft and a lean to at its north end, appears to correspond to the original paint mill building depicted on maps. Yet, this structure has been extended with storage sheds at both its east and west sides. The lean to at the north has been rebuilt (Fig.5). 4. The original auto and storage shed is a single story wood frame and wood clad structure with a number of different roofing materials. The raw, utilitarian character of this structure cannot be overstated. Nor is it possible to determine what parts or materials may be original (Fig.6, 10). MHPA HREVAL P3 Fig.3: 2222 Third - Warehouse Building Fig.4: 2222 Third - Paint Mill & Storage Building Fig.5: 2222 Third - Tank Building Fig.6: 2222 Third - Car & Storage Shed

5. A small outbuilding to the south of the tank building, apparently the original locker room, is another ultra-utilitarian wood frame structure with metal cladding and roofing.

91 Bolivar Drive On the northern half of the parcel, approximately on land once occupied by the Standard Soap Works, the single story building at 91 Bolivar Dr. stands.

4 5. A small outbuilding to the south of the tank building, apparently the original locker room, is another ultra-utilitarian wood frame structure with metal cladding and roofing. The structure is today mostly open, and has a small toilet room in it north end. 91 Bolivar Drive On the northern half of the parcel, approximately on land once occupied by the Standard Soap Works, the single story building at 91 Bolivar Dr. stands. This building grew by stages, its first and largest part dating to , followed by additions in the early 1970s, then a final wing in the late 1980s (Permit Records). A long parking lot, from where the front entry to the building ascends, divides the structure from Bolivar Dr. to the west. A drive and parking area also separate this structure from those of 2222 Third, a narrow drive passes behind the building to the east and, Fig.7: 91 Bolivar to the north, a narrow yard separates 91 Bolivar from 600 Addison. The 91 Bolivar building was first occupied by Dymo Industries, manufacturers of labeling products, from the late-1960s to c1980. During the 1980s, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was the tenant, and for whom a 1988 addition was constructed. Since the early 1990s, the building has been occupied by Plexxikon, a pharmaceutical company. 600 Addison Way Where a variety of industrial buildings have stood since the late 1800s, a large warehouse building now stands at 600 Addison Way. This structure, dating to 1983, spans the northernmost section of the parcel, with its length parallel to Addison. It was built for Montali Winery, and subsequently housed another wine facility, Audobon Cellars, who departed in early It now provides warehouse space. A small office structure stands at its west end, and a temporary structure (trailer) was placed at the northwest corner of the site in Fig.8: 600 Addison SUMMARY DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY The following provides a description and history of 2222 Third Street. (No detailed descriptions of either 91 Bolivar of 600 Addison are provided, as the evaluation of such contemporary resources do not require detailed discussion.) 2222 Third Street Other than permits (originals attached), with their simplified content, and Sanborn Maps (also attached), which provide good building plan information, no documentation of the original paint factory has been found. There is no designer, architect or engineer identified, while the original owner is listed on permit records as R. H. Tibbets, about whom no information has been found, not even telephone directory listings. And no individuals have been identified as associated with either of the two MHPA HREVAL P4

paint companies that resided here. Thus, no persons of importance are associated with this property.

On that basis, one can identify and map the plans and positions of the current structures.

Shed structures have been attached, altered and rebuilt; walls and windows and doors have been removed, altered and added; exterior siding and roofing materials replaced or covered over; and decks

Since, the buildings have served a variety of purposes, though mostly work and storage space. In order to make it so, what was once likely the unified character of a factory complex has been lost.

5 paint companies that resided here. Thus, no persons of importance are associated with this property. Nevertheless, the basic plan of those original five buildings remains if not intact partially so, at least on the basis of the information at hand. On that basis, one can identify and map the plans and positions of the current structures. As summarized above, it is also evident that much has changed, both in the way of character and in the way of content. Shed structures have been attached, altered and rebuilt; walls and windows and doors have been removed, altered and added; exterior siding and roofing materials replaced or covered over; and decks and stairs constructed (Figs. 9-12). Building and site uses have also changed from those of the paint factory. Since, the buildings have served a variety of purposes, though mostly work and storage space. In order to make it so, what was once likely the unified character of a factory complex has been lost. Without disparaging intent, the overall condition of this complex may be best described in two words: thoroughly dilapidated. Nor is it readily evident that this was once, even recently, a paint factory, except for in one obscure instance: at the paint storage structure parallel to the train tracks are ghosts of sign letters, along the parapet, reading TRIANGLE PAINT. Given the many alterations, accretions and deletions, plus the lack of history in the form of any written, graphic or photographic information, it isn t possible to know whether what one sees today is what one once saw. The existing unkempt and miscellaneous character of the site suggests that little of the character of the factory years remain. Fig.9: 2222 Third - Former Paint Mill Bldg. Fig.10: 2222 Third - Rear of Car & Storage Shed Fig.11: 2222 Third - Yard between Paint Bldg. & Tank Bldg. Fig.12: 2222 Third - Former Paint Storage Bldg. MHPA HREVAL P5

6 The other side of the coin is the context of this former paint factory. Historically, its context is the industrial heritage of Berkeley, and specifically of West Berkeley. This is an historical context of identified importance. Under the speculative auspices of the Berkeley Land and Town Improvement Association, the subject parcels were part of the earliest attempt to plat land for development in a vicinity that was yet to become Berkeley. Early development on this overall parcel included the Standard Soap Co., one of the original factories established in the designated industrial land between the bay shore and the railroad. Standard Soap established their factory on the northern half of the subject parcel in 1876, and remained their until During this period, the company owned the majority of the overall site, with the exception of two lots in the south half of the parcel on Third Street. (Berkeley Assessor s Maps, 1892) In 1917, ownership of most of the current parcel was transferred from Standard Soap Co. to a Frederick Tillmann, one of the owners of Tillmann & Bendel, the coffee importers who then operated the warehouse at the corner of Third and Bancroft (Assessor s Records). Immediately thereafter, in 1920 and in the wake of World War 1 and its technologies including that of paint the paint factory at 2222 Third Street was part of a second wave of industrial development in West Berkeley. Where the first was dependent on water and rail transportation for its survival, by the 1920s, vehicles were about to take the forefront in the transportation network. Though the railroad yet prevailed, by the 1930s the east bay shoreline was altered to make the original Eastshore Highway, which passed along the shore on fill west of the subject parcel. Whether or not it was built for them isn t known, but the John Lucas Paint and Varnish Works were apparently the first occupants of 2222 Third Street (Permit Records and Polk s Directories). Early twentieth-century industry invented the regional factory. Lucas Paint Co. was the regional facility of another national paint company (also including Sherwin-Williams, Glidden, etc.). As noted, Lucas Paint remained here until c1930, when Triangle Paint took over, and where they remained until 1980 (Polk s Directories). Whether there is any link between the two generations of paint companies has not been ascertained. EVALUATION To further assess the potential, historic significance of the buildings, the following lists and applies applicable criteria to each of the subject buildings, beginning with the City of Berkeley Landmarks Preservation Ordinance criteria, and concluding with the application of criteria for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources: CITY OF BERKELEY (BMC ) General criteria which the [landmarks preservation] commission shall use when considering structures, sites and areas for landmark or historic district designation are as follows: 2222 Third Street 1. Architectural merit: a. Property that is the first, last, only or most significant architectural property of its type in the region; b. Properties that are prototypes of or outstanding examples of periods, styles, architectural movements or construction, or examples of the more notable works of the best surviving work in a region of an architect, designer or master builder; or c. Architectural examples worth preserving for the exceptional values they add as part of the neighborhood fabric. Based on the evidence assembled and summarized herein, the 2222 Third Street property does not have architectural merit, as the structures do not begin to meet any of the three criteria cited above. MHPA HREVAL P6

7 2. Cultural value: Structures, sites and areas associated with the movement or evolution of religious, cultural, governmental, social and economic developments of the City. While the former paint factory complex is a remnant of a period of early-twentieth century industrial development in Berkeley, as a rudimentary paint factory without association to persons or events of cultural interest, any potential cultural association is unsupportable. Moreover, the resource has been further diminished by alteration, to the point that potential albeit already limited cultural associations have been further obscured and largely lost. 3. Educational value: Structures worth preserving for their usefulness as an educational force. Remnants of the former Lucas Co. and Triangle Co. paint factory have no potential educational usefulness. The facility is a defunct paint factory that has no lasting or continuing industrial or cultural associations. 4. Historic value: Preservation and enhancement of structures, sites and areas that embody and express the history of Berkeley/Alameda County/California/United States. History may be social, cultural, economic, political, religious or military. These former paint factory structures, altogether and individually, do not embody or express local history. They are remnant industrial structures of the most rudimentary nature. Situated in an obscure location on the interior of a large parcel, the only potential historical interest is from the perspective of the adjoining railroad. Yet, from that perspective, any original character embodied by these resources have been seriously eroded by both the changing context, whereby the railroad has itself lost importance, and by physical deterioration. 5. Any property which is listed on the National Register described in Section 470A of Title 16 of the United States Code. The resource at 2222 Third Street is not listed on or determined eligible for the National Register. The State Office of Historic Preservation Northwest Information Center has no records associated with this overall property on file. 91 Bolivar Designed by Oakland architects Jens Hansen Associates, 91 Bolivar is a contemporary commercial building of modest architectural aims and interest. It was erected, sequentially, as a research and development building for the Dymo Corporation ( ), then as a laboratory facility for the University of California ( ). Since, it has served as an office and laboratory building for the pharmaceutical company Plexxikon. Given its age and type, 91 Bolivar does not have any potential architectural, cultural, historical, or educational merits. 600 Addison 600 Addison, constructed in for Montali Winery, is a large, utilitarian, steel frame and metal clad warehouse structure without design or architectural intent. Again, given its age and character, 600 Addison has no potential architectural, cultural, historical, or educational merits. CALIFORNIA REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES (CCR Title 14, Chapter 11.5, Section 4852): In order to be listed or determined eligible for listing on the California Register, a resource must be significant under one or more of the following criteria, which are listed and thereafter discussed relative to each resource Third Street 1. It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history or the cultural heritage of California or the United States. The former paint factory at 2222 Third Street was and is an obscure complex of early twentieth century industrial buildings that did not contribute significantly to any broad patterns of culture MHPA HREVAL P7

8 or history. The property, therefore, does not meet CR Criterion It is associated with the lives of persons important to local, California or national history. No identified persons of importance are associated with the subject property. As a result, the property is not eligible for listing on the CR under CR Criterion It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region or method of construction, or represents the work of a master or possesses high artistic values. Altogether, the built resources at 2222 Third Street do not appear to be eligible for listing on the CR under Criterion 3, as they are not important examples of a type or period, and lack distinctive characteristics. Nor is there any associated architect or engineer, or any potential artistic value. 4. Has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California or the nation. The property at 2222 Third has not yielded prehistorical or historical information, nor does the property have the potential to yield any historical information in the future (the current evaluation effort does not purport to address archaeology). 91 Bolivar and 600 Addison Each of these discrete resources are less than fifty years of age. Like the National Register of Historic Places, the California Register assumes the fifty year rule as a baseline for listing, except under special consideration for exceptional resources less than fifty years old. Neither of the structures at 91 Bolivar and 600 Addison are eligible for special consideration, as each is an unexceptional structure without associations of importance to contemporary history. EVALUATION SUMMARY Based on the evidence and findings discussed and cited in the foregoing, it is the opinion of this historic architectural researcher and author that the subject resources, individually and collectively, are not historic or potentially historic resources under either the City of Berkeley Landmarks Preservation Ordinance or the California Register of Historical Resources. SELECTED RESOURCES AND REFERENCES Publications Wollenberg, Charles. Berkeley, A City in History. Berkeley Public Library: (@ Berkeley Chamber of Commerce Industrial Survey. F.F.G Harper Co., SF: (@Berkeley History Room) Pettitt, George A. History of Berkeley. Alameda County Historical Society: nd. (@Berkeley History Room) Directories Bishops Directories of Oakland (years referenced at the Oakland History Room of the Oakland Public Library). Polk s City Directories, R. L. Polk and Company (multiple years referenced at the Oakland History Room of the Oakland Public Library, and at the Berkeley History Room of the Berkeley Public Library). Maps Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, dated 1891, 1911, 1929 and 1950 (available on-line at the San Francisco MHPA HREVAL P8

9 Public Library), and (original hard copy at City of Berkeley Permit Service Center. (attached) Berkeley L. T. I. Association. Map of Tract filed February 4, (attached) Berkeley Parcel Map, Vol. 2, (original at Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association) Assessor s Maps 56, Blocks 1950 and (from Alameda County Assessor) Assessors Records Commercial Building Records for Parcel and addresses 91 Bolivar Dr., 2222 Third St., and 600 Addison Way, 11 sheets total. Permit Records A visit to the City of Berkeley permit service center found a range of original and historical permit records for each of the original and extant structures of the overall property. Pertinent building permit records included: # Address/Application Date Owner Third - New paint factory 11/25/1919 R.H. Tibbets Third - New paint factory 11/25/1919 R.H. Tibbets Third - New paint factory 11/25/1919 R.H. Tibbets Third - New warehouse 7/21/1921 John Lucas Co Third - Addition 11/25/1922 John Lucas Paint Co Third - Storage shed 7/26/1948 Triangle Paint Co Third - Rest Room bldg. alts.?/7/1963 Triangle Paint Co Bolivar - New R&D building* 1/22/1968 Dymo Industries Bolivar - One story addition* 4/17/1970 Dymo Ind. illegible 91 Bolivar - Add 6,600 sf addition 8/17/1987 Chas. Jones Addison - Build wine facility 4/18/1983 Charles Jones *with associated drawing records AUTHORSHIP This evaluation was authored by Mark Hulbert, Preservation Architecture, th Street, Oakland, CA, 94612; p ; mhulbert@earthlink.net. The author exceeds Federal Professional Qualification Standards for Historic Architecture and Architecture; is listed by the State of California Northwest Information Center as a qualified, professional Historical Architect; has 25 years of professional preservation experience; and holds a certificate in Architectural Conservation from ICCROM, Rome, Italy. MHPA HREVAL P9

Architectural Inventory Form

Architectural Inventory Form COLORADO CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY Page 1 of 8 Official Eligibility Determination (OAHP use only) Rev. 9/98 OAHP1403 Date Initials Determined Eligible National Register Determined Not Eligible National