National Dissemination Workshop Guidance Documents For Transit Oriented Development (TOD), Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) And Public Bicycle Sharing (PBS) TOD GUIDANCE DOCUMENT & CITY SPECIFIC PLANS IBI Group itrans March 4, 2016
Where we started Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/campwala/2948429761/sizes/z/in/photostream/ Source: http:/transpressnz.blogspot.in/2013/07/calcutta-trams-india.html Mumbai, 1910 Calcutta, 1930
Where we have reached Source: http://www.thehindu.com/news/in-chinas-car-lottery-hope-of-win-for-urban-future/article3848701.ece/ Chennai UTTIPEC, India New Delhi
Where we are headed IBI Group IBI Group Gurgaon Naya Raipur
1. BAPUJI NAGAR PRECINCT CONCEPTUAL ZONING 2. MASTER CANTEEN STATION CBD TOD NODE MAHARISHI COLLEGE SQUARE 5. LAKE ZONE PRECINCT Smart Cities 4. SAHEED NAGAR PRECINCT Proposed VIEW
DEMYSTIFYING TOD DEMYSTIFYING TOD T = Transit frequency and usefulness O = Orienting infrastructure for making pedestrian connections between transit and development D = Development featuring a mix of uses and densities Source: Dena Belzer, Strategic Economics
WHAT TOD IS NOT high densities + tall buildings
WHAT TOD IS NOT METRO CASH AND CARY isolated developments
WHAT TOD IS NOT only higher order transit
WHAT TOD IS NOT a greenfield development model
WHAT TOD IS NOT 75% of our cities are middle class- need a large supply of smaller sized homes a solution to all urban problems
TOD: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN PLANNING INDIAN CITIES Forces mirco-level planning using the transit station as a catalyst investment Smart Growth Strategy - both land and infrastructure are used efficiently Compact nodes of moderate-to-high density Context Sensitive Design: Greenfield Redevelopment Urban Infill Mix of pedestrian-friendly land uses accessible from transit stations Walking & cycling as the primary modes for mobility Integrating the Informal Sector in Station Area Planning
TOD IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT Now, I am able to combine and comprehend the meaning of "Bus do kadam", "75 m" and "400-600m which collectively signifies that the Bus should be available within do kadam i.e. within a walking distance. Mr. L.K. Panigrahi, Chief Engineer (Projects) Naya Raipur Development Authority 13
TOD Supportive Regulations.. Attempts in India- Ahmedabad Proposed Local Area Plans for the overlay zones Differential FSI- high in CBD area, along Sabarmati riverfront and transit corridor Removed height restrictions Increased ground coverage from existing 30% to 51% Premium FSI for energy efficient buildings Mandatory water harvesting, waste water reuse and solar energy for plot areas > 5000 sqm
TOD Supportive Regulations.. Attempts in India- Bangalore
TOD Supportive Regulations.. Attempts in India- Mumbai Shop-Line concept built into DCR/ DP Inclusionary housing requirement Parking Restrictions Differential FARs: 2.5-8.0 Decentralized infrastructure In lieu of FAR as a by-right controlling mechanism use open space & parking at the parcel level to guide development
TOD Supportive Regulations.. Attempts in India- Naya Raipur Reduced parking standards Well-designed transit station for a high quality user experience Proposed streetscape design Active frontage- street facing buildings Mixed use development TOD supportive Ground Coverage, FAR, Height and Other Controls
National-level GIUIDANCE DOCUMENT
Lessons Learned 1. Station Area Planning to determine appropriate densification; 2. Special Overlay Zoning Districts as supplemental provisions to existing regulations 3. Differential FARs to adjust for contextual variation according to on-ground conditions; 4. Land Pooling to proactively push market towards TODs around station; 5. Density bonuses (higher FARs) in exchange of public infrastructure investments by private sector; and 6. Mixed-Use Development within a walking distance from transit stations
How will the Guidance Document help cities- HOW? Streamline the process of TOD planning in the country Avoid duplication of effort by individual governments/ municipalities Sensitive to contextual variations and on-ground realities Applicability at various scales Diverse user groups Flexible standard for development of Greenfield areas & redevelopment of infill areas
Target Users- WHO? State & Local Planning Agencies City s readiness for implementing TOD Development along transit corridors Improving infrastructure Transit Agencies Station Area Planning Active marketing of TOD opportunities Joint development at stations Private Stakeholders Real estate development Joint development opportunities
TOD Guidance Document - STEP BY STEP Based on: Lessons Learned from Best Practices Current Initiatives in India; and Workshop Feedback Framework for Guidance Document based on five themes
STEP- 1 ASSESS
STEP-1 ASSESS Determine the city s preparedness for undertaking TOD initiatives Defines the scale and scope of the TOD planning area Identify stakeholders for undertaking an inclusive process.
ASSESS NATURE OF TRANSIT MUMBAI Multiple transit modes: Suburban railway- 3 Metro (1existing + 5 planned) Monorail (1 + 8 planned) BEST buses BHOPAL Expanding higher order transit service BRTS (1 operational+ 11 lines) Metro (planned) Feeder Service- Mini Buses IPT- Shared Auto Mini Bus 20% Bus 3% Walk 44% IPT 1% Car 3% 94% Potential Transit Users Two Wheeler 25% Cycle 4% 74% Potential Transit Users
ASSESS NATURE OF TRANSIT- BHOPAL
ASSESS NATURE OF TRANSIT- MUMBAI Suburban Railways Monorail BEST Services Asalpha Station Western Express Highway
ASSESS CURRENT INITIATIVES MUMBAI Statutory Plans Development Plan Update Regional Plan Update Other ongoing initiatives: Mobility Plan Station Area Traffic Improvement Schemes BHOPAL Statutory Plans Master Plan Update Draft Statewide TOD Policy Other ongoing initiatives: Metro DPR Preparing Zonal Plans Smart City Initiative Draft DP released in April 2015 relied heavily on TOD Principles No micro level planning initiative No integration of TOD principles with the existing statutory documents. No micro level planning initiative
ASSESS SCALE & SCOPE MUMBAI Corridor Versova - Andheri - Ghatkopar Metro Corridor Comparatively new transit corridor Create a basis for future development of TOD studies for all upcoming corridors. BHOPAL Priority Corridor: BRTS- TR4; Metro- Line 1 & Line 3 Corridor level TOD approach with multi-modal integration of different modes of transportation. Station Area Plan- Asalpha Identified by stakeholders
Assess TOD Scale- Mumbai Versova-Andheri-Ghatkopar First east-west transit link Metro Phase-I Corridor 10 Kms; 12 Stations Pilot Station- Asalpha
Assess TOD Scale- Bhopal Priority Corridor: BRTS- TR4 (Operational Corridor) Metro: Line 1 & Line 3
Assess TOOLS HOW TO DETERMINE SCALE OF TOD PLAN?
ASSESS STAKEHOLDERS- BHOPAL Multiplicity of agencies Land use planning falls under the purview of Town and Country Planning at state level or development authority.
ASSESS STAKEHOLDERS- MUMBAI Multiplicity of agencies Overlapping roles & responsibilities Development Plan is not applicable to Special Planning Areas
STEP- 2 ENABLE
STEP-2 ENABLE
ENABLE PROJECT CHAMPIONS MUMBAI Identified Local Champions: Mumbai Transformation Support Unit Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai Formed a multi-agency Task Force BHOPAL State Agency- UD&ED was identified as nodal agency Formulated Transit Agency: Metro SPV & BRT SPV Proposed Smart City SPV Mumbai Task Force MTSU Convener IBI Group Coordinator MCGM (DP) MMRDA (T&CP) MCGM (R&T) BEST SRA Traffic Police
ENABLE ADDRESS POLICY LEVEL BARRIERS MUMBAI Recommended modifications to: Master Plan; Redevelopment Policies- not linked to locational proximity to transit (Housing & Slum) BHOPAL Recommended modifications to: Existing Development Planprepared in 1995 for 2005 (No transit & land use integration) Bhumi- Vikas Adhiniyam- 2012 State-wide TOD Policy underway Source: http://theperfectslum.blogspot.in/2010/06/removal.html
ENABLE CAPACITY BUILDING MUMBAI Draft Development Plan preparation process built capacity for town planners in the MCGM Development Plan team BHOPAL Insufficient capacity building at local level
STEP- 3 PLAN+DESIGN
STEP-3 PLAN + DESIGN PRINCIPLES 12 GUIDING PRINCIPLES 9 SUPPORTNG PRINCIPLES
STEP-3 PLAN+DESIGN 1 MULTIMODAL INTEGRATION 2 FIRST & LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY 3 INTERCONNECTED STREET NETWORK 4 COMPLETE STREETS 5 NMT NETWORK 6 TRAFFIC CALMING
STEP-3 PLAN+DESIGN MIX LAND USES 7 8 99 10 STREET ORIENTED BUILDING OPTIMIZE DENSITIES MANAGE PARKING 11 12 INFORMAL SECTOR HOUSING DIVERSITY
STEP-3 PLAN + DESIGN PRINCIPLES
STEP-3 PLAN + DESIGN PRINCIPLES
STEP-3 PLAN + DESIGN Template to develop a TOD Plan / Policy/ Strategy for the applicable scale- City, Corridor, Station & Site TOD Guiding Principles
PLAN + DESIGN PLANNING PROCESS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 MUMBAI Corridor level analysis Mapped station-wise issues and opportunities Developed Station Area Typologies Proposed mode share and development targets Identified corridor-wide strategies and implementation mechanisms Selected Pilot Area Delineated Station Area Plan boundary Prepared Station Area Planning Framework Planning Outcomes: Land Assembly Plan, Traffic and Parking Plan, Public Realm Plan BHOPAL Corridor level analysis Mapped station-wise development opportunities Developed Station Area Typologies Proposed mode share and development targets Identified corridor-wide strategies and implementation mechanisms Proposed priority Station Areas Recommended station accessibility improvements
PLAN+DESIGN TOOL-3A- CITYWIDE
PLAN+DESIGN TOOLS TOOL 3: HOW TO CREATE TOD PLANS- Citywide, Corridor, Station & Site? TOOL 4: HOW-TO PREPARE DEVELOPMENT CONTROL REGULATIONS (DCRs) MODIFICATION
Station Area Planning- Mumbai- Asalpha Pilot Study
Mumbai- Asalpha Station Area - Characteristics
Asalpha Station Area Characteristics
Station Area Planning Framework- Asalpha Station
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 1 Environment and Historic
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 1 Environment and Historic
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 2 Existing and Proposed Settlements
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 3 Transit Corridors
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 4 Street Grid
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 4 Street Grid
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 4 Street Grid
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 4 Street Grid
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 5 Transit Plaza and Urban Places
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 6 High to Low Densities
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 7 Amenities and Infrastructure
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 8 Retail and Commercial
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 9 Informal Sector
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 10 Intermodal Connections
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 11 Parking Hyper TOD Zone No Parking Medium Density 0.35 per 100 sqm Low Density 0.5 per 100 sqm Amenities - 0.1 per 100 sqm
Asalpha Station Area Planning Layers 12 Complete Streets and Built Form Ground Coverage = 40% - 80%
Station Area Traffic and Parking Management Plan Hyper TOD Zone No Parking Medium Density 0.35 per 100 sq.m. Low Density 0.5 per 100 sq.m. Amenities - 0.1 per 100 sq.m.
Land Assembly Plan Residential Mixed Use(R-C Zone) 26% Exisiting Developm ent 7% Roads 26% Industrial 3% Commercial Mixed Use Zone 10% Community Facilities 1% Health 2% Education 6% NDZ 6% Open Spaces 13%
Asalpha Station Area Development Targets
STEP- 4 INVEST
STEP-4 INVEST Adequate financing including augmenting the private sector s role Benefits of increased land values for implementing TOD
INVEST FINANCING TOOLS 1. Land Banking- Urban Infill 2. Land Pooling- TP Schemes (Greenfield) 3. Premium FARs in exchange of providing: Public amenities Public open space Achieving IGBC or Green Building certification Affordable housing units Public access for creating small block sizes 4. Transit Agency: Rail + Property Land Value Capture Joint Development 5. Align with Smart City Project/ funding & other central government programs
INVEST FINANCING TOOLS
STEP- 5 IMPLEMENT
STEP-5 IMPLEMENT Innovative implementation mechanisms Development of review checklist for local staff
IMPLEMENT PHASING STRATEGY Development Potential Vacant Land Availability Government owned lands Market Strength Infrastructure Carrying Capacity Balanced Employment + Population Distribution Identify Origin & Destination Station Land Use Mix Improved Station Accessibility First and Last Mile Connectivity Multimodal Integration Walkability to Station Parking Timing: Long Term TOD Opportunity Short-Term TOD Priority Emerging TOD Market Inactive TOD Market
IMPLEMENT PHASING STRATEGY- BHOPAL Development Opportunities Habibganj Station ISBT Accessibility Destination areas that have high footfall for pedestrians: Habibganj Naka University Gate Nanke Petrol Pump Top N Down Roshanpura Nadra Bus Stand Bhopal Talkies
IMPLEMENT ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY- MUMBAI
IMPLEMENT STATUTORY RELEVANCE MUMBAI BHOPAL Recommendations for DCRs: Allow variable FSI and provide incentive FSI for affordable housing and sidewalk improvement No parking adjacent to transit station and reduced and shared parking proximate to station. Parking included in FSI if above grade. Prohibit dead compound walls Provide active front setbacks varying with street widths Include min sidewalk requirements as per street width Prepare State-wideTOD policy and relevant bye-laws Establish a TOD Overlay District as a Special Area in Development Plan under preparation Notification of Rules & Regulations to establish statutory relevance for TOD Principles.
IMPLEMENT MONITORING AND EVALUATION
CSP Key Inputs to Guidance Document Learnings Guidance Document Input Developing a station area plan was MCGM s priority Data availability challenges could potentially derail TOD process Multiple stakeholders within a Task Force facilitated information exchange and agreements Implementation roles can affect project delivery Lack of knowledge about accessibility component of TOD The Guidance Document must recognize a city s needs and be applicable at all scales The Step-by-Step TOD Process must be flexible to accommodate data challenges TOD Task Force must be multidisciplinary and multi-agency Implementation roles must be specified to ensure delivery of project goals Accessibility can be addressed at smaller scales. Pilot projects should be encouraged
IBI GROUP GENERIC GUIDANCE DOCUMENT & CITY SPECIFIC PLANS- TOD Session 1: Panel Discussion
CHALLENGES IN INTEGRATED TOD PLANNING Conflicting Policies & Values Overlapping Institutional Responsibilities Timing of Transit & Land Use Decisions Obsolete Development Regulations Lack of structure in Real Estate Markets Technical Capacities