Hovenring Eindhoven A bridge designed for the requirements involving all disciplines and stakeholders Adriaan Kok ipv Delft creative engineers mail: adriaankok@ipvdelft.nl website: ipvdelft.nl or ipvdelft.com ipv Delft Dutch Design Manual for Footbridges Hovenring Design Process Lessons Learned 8th Australian Small Bridges Conference 27-28 Nov 2017, Surfers Paradise Australia
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CROW publication 342 Dutch, by ipv Delft Summary CROW publication 342 English, by ipv Delft BRIEF DUTCH DESIGN MANUAL FOR BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES BRIEF DUTCH DESIGN MANUAL FOR BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES by ipv Delft Dutch Design Manual Free Download: ipvdelft.com / publications
Structure: Follows the Development Process Analysis of Requirements Traffic Network Context Users Design Checklist Design Development Alignment Bridge Design Budget Dutch Design Manual
Structure: Follows the Development Process Analysis of Requirements Design Development Traffic Network Context Users Design Checklist Alignment Bridge Design Budget Why For Whom What Dutch Design Manual
Intended Users: All involved disciplines & stakeholders Management Urban Planning Architects Structural engineering Traffic engineering Maintenance Contractors Advocates Local stakeholders BRIEF DUTCH DESIGN MANUAL FOR BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES BRIEF DUTCH DESIGN MANUAL FOR BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES by ipv Delft Dutch Design Manual
Intended Goal: Create Understanding Between representatives of Technical & Social requirements City Officials (social) we try we should! do! Design(er) (technical) (social) we try (City) Engineers (technical) can t we? we try Citizens Advocates (social) Dutch Design Manual
Involvement of disciplines & stakeholders: De-Siloing the Process Analysis of Requirements Design Development Client Network Context Users Checklist Alignment Design Management Engineering Traffic Urban planning Lighting Maintenance Consultants Engineer Architect Subsoil Local Businesses Citizens Advocates Contractor Dutch Design Manual
Traffic Network Finding the best bridge location Analyse Network demand - regular users - number of users A Route restrictions Adjacent route (A, B ) A B B Dutch Design Manual
Traffic Network Analysis Arterial road aligment 1 aligment 2 alignment 3 Cycle Network Utilitarian Recreational Highway A2 Dutch Design Manual
Traffic Network Analysis Bridge Alignment 1 Dutch Design Manual
Traffic Network Analysis Bridge Alignment 2 Dutch Design Manual
Traffic Network: Start with the Crossings Because Crossings are: Hard to Integrate Hard to Upgrade Advertisers / Kickstarters Gapclosers A B Dutch Design Manual
Context Location specific requirements & potential benefits Analyse Urban Planning Local Wishes Ecology A A Land Ownership Cables and Pipelines B Subsurface Conditions Potential Benefits B Dutch Design Manual
Context: History Historic railroad truss bridge Dutch Design Manual
Context: History New bridges refer to history Dutch Design Manual
Context: History New bridges refer to history Dutch Design Manual
Users Determine Not intended Not intended vehicle, Hooligans,... Needed Space Road Planning Loads Abuse Prevention Regular Cyclists, Pedestrians, Mopeds, Disabled vehicles Occasionally Maintenance, Emergency Services Special Disabled, Elderly, Children Dutch Design Manual Other Utility companies...
bridges Users bridge & Intersecting for a footbridge crossing a road regular regular regular special special special occasional not intended not intended not intended other
75 cm 25-80 cm 25 cm width sway distance Dutch Design Manual cyclist measurements
32.5 cm 62.5 cm railing wall 50 cm extra width in curve Dutch Design Manual cyclist distance to objects
minimum one way minimum two way in curve 32.5 75 32.5 cm 32.5 50 75 25 75 32.5 cm 1.4 m 2,9 m Dutch Design Manual cyclist deckwidth
List of requirements Gathering all requirements Design Checklist Network Context Network Context Users Bridge users Regulations Building Codes Crossed Users Dutch Design Manual
Alignment Finding the best contextual fit, alignment with the contextual requirements Taking into account Network Context Users - comfort A A - safety B B Dutch Design Manual
Alignment Ramp aspects Grade Directness Alternatives Flat stretches Dutch Design Manual
11% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0 Alignment: Grade target normal circumstances more wind nuisance more comfortable average grade (%) less wind nuisance less comfortable Ramp Difficulty: Z = H²/L Max. Z = 0.2 Target Z = 0.075 Min. Z = 0.033 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dutch Design Manual height (m)
Alignment: Alternative Routes 265m, 2.1% 95m 5.8% 190m 2.9% 225m, 2.4% 200m 2.8% 25 m Flat stretches over 3-5 m height in bends in ramp at end of ramp 105m 5.2% Dutch Design Manual
Bridge Design Designing for the requirements Requirements Network, context & Users Determine Network Context Best Alignment & Bridge users Spatial Integration Starting Point Detailed Bridge Design Crossed Users Dutch Design Manual
Structure: Follows the Development process Traffic Network Network Analyse Context Users Context Bridge users Design Design Checklist Alignment Bridge Design Crossed Users Budget Dutch Design Manual
Hovenring, Eindhoven
North Sea United Kingdom The Netherlands Eindhoven Germany English Channel Belgium France Context (national) Eindhoven - population 220.000
Context (regional) Eindhoven - technology and innovation
Airport Amsterdam Seaport Rotterdam Brainport Eindhoven Context (regional) Eindhoven - Brainport of the netherlands
A2 Airport Hovenring A2 Eindhoven Veldhoven A2 A2 Network (regional) Project Location in the region
A2 Airport Hovenring new arch bridge A2 Eindhoven Veldhoven A2 A2 Context (regional) Eindhoven - Brainport Avenue (highway A2)
Context (regional) Eindhoven - Impression Brainport Avenue (highway A2)
Eindhoven Highway A2 Network (local) Project Location - old situation
Airport / Meerhoven Eindhoven / highway roundabout congested with car traffic traffic lights for cyclists and pedestrians Highway A2 Veldhoven Network (local) Traffic Situation
Airport / Meerhoven residential area residential area Eindhoven / highway New developments hightech bussiness areas residential areas highway connection high tech business area new Highway connection Highway A2 Veldhoven residential area Network, Context (local) New Developments
Hotel Gas station Car repair shop Context (local) Commercial and Safety Requirements
Airport A2 new arch bridge Light Needle Evoluon Hovenring Eindhoven Veldhoven A2 Context (regional) Existing Landmarks
A2? landmark bridge Hovenring future technology museum Evoluon Light Needle Westcorridor Eindhoven Context (regional) Existing landmarks
cm 32.5 75 25 75 25 75 25 75 32.5 4.4 m Users Deck Width
Users Not intended visitors (Latin American mayor delegation 2017)
9 metric tons maintainance vehicle Users Maintenance
height above the road collison loads Users Intersecting Infrastructure
Hovenring Analysis of Requirements Design Development Client Network Context Users Checklist Alignment Design Management Engineering Traffic Urban planning Lighting Maintenance Consultants Engineer Architect Subsoil Signage (National) Local Businesses (Airport..) Cycling Advocates Disabled Advocates Analysis of Requirements Involvement of all Disciplines & Stakeholders
Cross Ellipse Large roundabout Small roundabout Alignment Route and Bridgeform Study
Alignment Route and Bridgeform Study
too much weight not efficient reasonably efficient efficient Design Concept Evaluation
Steel-ring bridge 6.2 m 4.5 m 4 m bridge diameter 72 m Cable-stayed bridge 4.5 m 8.9 m 3.4 m Counterweight 1 m Design Final Concepts
Steel-ring bridge Cable-stayed bridge Appearance Structural Efficiency Costs spectacular and distinct landmark visible form vicinity poor not distinctive spectacular and subtle landmark visible form afar optimal not distinctive Design Evaluation Final Concepts
2.0 % Grade versus Directness 2.0 % 2.0 % Hotel 2.0 % 2.0 % 2.0 % Gas station Car repair shop hairpin bends Alignment Optimization
4 3.1% Grade versus Directness 2.0% 2 4 2.9% Hotel 2.3% 2.3% 2.0% 3 3 direct routes Gas station Car repair shop 1 Alignment Optimization
Gas Station Angular Tunnel Round Tunnel Bridge over entrance Alignment Ramp Concepts in front of Gas Station
Earth Dam Bridge Alignment Ramp Type
Hovenring 11% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0 target normal circumstances more wind nuisance more comfortable average grade (%) 1 less wind nuisance less comfortable 4 3 2 Ramp Difficulty: Z = H²/L Max. Z = 0.2 Target Z = 0.075 Min. Z = 0.033 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Alignment Ramp Grade height (m)
Collision Loads
Collision Loads Signage Portals as Anti-Collison Portals
Collision Loads Commonly used Signage Portals
Collision Loads Custom designed Anti-Collision Portals
Collision Loads Anti-Collision Portals proven usefull
Collision Loads Anti-Collision Portals proven usefull
Collision Loads Anti-Collision Portals proven usefull
Think Filter! Collision Loads Anti-Collision Portals - Cost-saving Filters
Collision Loads Position Pylon Foot
Collision Loads Concrete Barrrier Pylon Foot
Collision Loads Concrete Barrriers protect supports
M-shaped supports Structural Design M-shaped supports ensure stability
Structural Design Custom Made M-shaped supports
3.7 m 8.9 m 4.5 m 1.25 m concrete counterweight pivot point concrete deck ballast Structural Design Structural Principle of circular bridge deck
total deflection allowed at outer edge: 45 mm estimated self-frequency < 3 Hz damping by adding extra weight (concrete) concrete counterweight pivot point concrete deck ballast Structural Design Structural Principle of circular bridge deck
bridge deck pivot point structural beam counterweight Structural Design Bridge Deck and Counterweight
aluminium lamellas with translucent sheeting one fluorescent tube Lighting Design Architectural Lighting
aluminium lamellas with translucent sheeting structural beam Lighting Design Architectural Lighting
Lighting Design Architectural Lighting
Technical Space Bridge Design Integrated Technical Space
Lighting Design Deck & Facial Lighting
LED facial lighting LED deck lighting wiring extruded al. handrail fixation point Lighting Design Custom Handrail with Integrated Lighting
facial lighting deck lighting Lighting Design Deck & Facial Lighting
custom aluminium extrusion profile LED deck lighting fixation point LED facial lighting Lighting Design Custom Handrail with Integrated Lighting
Lighting Design Pylon Lighting 8 LED Floodlights
Lighting Design Intersection Lighting
Lighting Design Intersection Lighting
Lighting Design Intersection Lighting
Lighting Design Intersection Lighting
Lighting Design Intersection Lighting
Integral Design Integration of traffic lights, lighting and signage
Height Max. Diameter Diameter foot 70 m 2,2 m 0,8 m Design Details Pylon Dimensions
gussets and forks anchorage outside 2 layers of 12 cables conical sockets anchorage inside Design details Pylon Cable Anchorage
All sockets can be inspected from inside the pylon Design details Pylon Cable Anchorage
Ø 72 m Ø 54.3 m locked coil cable Ø50, 55 structural beam Design details Deck Cable Anchorage
bare conical socket tensioning anchors points Design details Deck Cable Anchorage
tensioning anchors points Design details Deck Cable Anchorage
custom socket cover tensioning anchors points Design details Custom Deck Cable Anchorage Cover
Design details Accessibility Deck Cable Anchorage
Design details Wind Induced Cable Vibrations
High Frequency Low Frequency verlichting Solution: 2 Types of Dampers Design details Dampers to Prevent Wind Induced Cable Vibrations ipv Delft creatieve ingenieurs
8 Bend Parts type 1 4 Bend Parts type 2 4 Connector Bridges Construction Modularity
Ø 72 m 8.9 m L: 16 m Construction Bend part Type 1
Division Pylon Openings for cable Anchorage Door for Inspection Construction Pylon
Transporter (spmt) LIght for Air Traffic Construction Erecting Pylon
Construction Erecting Pylon
Construction Erecting Pylon Transporter (spmt)
Construction Erecting Pylon
Construction Details Pylon Foot
Construction Erecting Pylon
Construction Erecting Pylon
Construction Erecting Pylon
Construction Erecting Pylon
Construction Attaching Cables
Construction Removing Temporary Supports
Construction Mounting Railings & Lighting
Hovenring Analysis of Requirements Design Development Client Network Context Users Checklist Alignment Design Management Engineering Traffic Urban planning Lighting Maintenance Consultants Engineer Architect Subsoil Signage (National) Local Businesses (Airport..) Cycling Advocates Disabled Advocates Development Process Involvement of all Disciplines & Stakeholders
Costs Bridge Intersection 6.3 million 4.5 million Daiily Users Cars 25000 Cyclists 5000 Funding Eindhoven 40% 3 Grants 60% Bridge Budget 8.5 million Dimensions Deck width 4.5 m Deck Area 1300 m² Steel 1015 metric ton Hovenring Facts & Figures
User Experience
A Thorough Analysis Analysis of Requirements Design Development Traffic Network Context Users Design Checklist Alignment Bridge Design Budget Why For Whom What Dutch Design Manual
Create Understanding Between representatives of Technical & Social requirements Immerse yourself in the City Officials Requirements of other (social) Stakeholders and become the Hub we try we should! do! Design(er) we try (technical) (social) (City) Engineers (technical) can t we? we try Citizens Advocates (social) Dutch Design Manual
Start with the Crossings Because Crossings are: Hard to Integrate Hard to Upgrade Advertisers / Kickstarters Gapclosers A B Dutch Design Manual
Contextual Benefits Lowering intersection for comfortable ramps Eindhoven Hovenring benefits from the context
Think Modular! Economies of Scale by repeating parts 8 Bend Parts type 1 4 Bend Parts type 2 4 Connector Bridges Construction Modularity
Think Filter! Signage portals as high traffic filter Collision Loads Anti-Collision Portals - Cost-saving Filters
Seek Integration! custom aluminium extrusion profile LED deck lighting fixation point LED facial lighting Lighting Design Custom Handrail with Integrated Lighting
Seek Integration! Users Not intended visitors (Latin American mayor delegation 2017)
Seek Integration! Integral Design Integration of traffic lights, lighting and signage
Conclusions To develop bridges that satify all involved and their requirements: Analyse Involve Create Start Seek requirements thouroughly all from the start understanding & openess with the crossings - Modularity - Contextual Benefits - Filters - Integration & Optimization - Be open to practical custom new solutions. - Bridges are almost never standard solutions. - A custom solution can be best and cheapest. Analyse Design Traffic Network Context Users Design Checklist Alignment Bridge Design Budget BRIEF DUTCH DESIGN MANUAL FOR BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES BRIEF DUTCH DESIGN MANUAL FOR BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES by ipv Delft Free Download: ipvdelft.com / publications Thanks for your Attention! Adriaan Kok ipv Delft creative engineers mail: adriaankok@ipvdelft.nl website: ipvdelft.nl or ipvdelft.com