Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program Measurement and Evaluation. Pacific Gas and Electric. Final Report PNWD G. P. Sullivan G. B. Parker R.

Transcription

1 PNWD-3953 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program Measurement and Evaluation Pacific Gas and Electric Final Report G. P. Sullivan G. B. Parker R. Pugh July 2008 Prepared for: UCONS, LLC Battelle Project Number Prepared by Battelle Pacific Northwest Division Richland, Washington 99352

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3 Disclaimer This report was prepared by Battelle Memorial Institute (Battelle) as an account of sponsored research activities. Neither Client nor Battelle nor any person acting on behalf of either: MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any information, apparatus, process, or composition disclosed in this report may not infringe privately owned rights; or Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, process, or composition disclosed in this report. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by Battelle. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of Battelle.

4 PNWD-3953 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program Measurement and Evaluation Pacific Gas and Electric Final Report G. P. Sullivan G. B. Parker R. Pugh July 2008 Prepared for UCONS, LLC Battelle Project Number Prepared by Battelle Pacific Northwest Division Richland, Washington 99352

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7 Executive Summary The Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program (CLP) evaluation was undertaken by Battelle to evaluate existing soft-mount, family-sized, commercial clothes washers and new replacement soft-mount, family-sized, commercial clothes washers at properties participating in the CLP in the Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) service territory. The purpose of this study was to undertake a formative evaluation of the therm savings of a representative sample of commercial clothes washers being placed in multifamily and coinoperated laundry properties as part of the on-going CLP in the PG&E service territory. The properties participating in this evaluation were selected based on: 1) their participation in the CLP; 2) their willingness to allow washers to be metered according to the protocol and site selection criteria (see Appendix B); and 3) a placement mix of ~25% of the washers in a coinoperated laundry and ~75% of the washers in multifamily properties. 1 The early data from this formative evaluation is important to the CLP in order to ascertain progress toward meeting program-required therm savings and modify the program if the savings target is not being met as well as to provide early performance and marketing information to current and future CLP participants on actual energy savings that are, or could be, anticipated from new efficient commercial clothes washers. The overall objective was to conduct in situ monitoring of at least 60 clothes washers at selected properties with gas water heating, either multifamily laundry rooms or coin-operated laundry. The mix of properties included 15 clothes washers located at a commercial coin-operated laundry and 52 clothes washers at five multifamily properties, for a total of 67 clothes washers. Descriptions of the properties participating in the evaluation and photos of a sample of the equipment at the properties are found in Appendix A. To meet the program goals, Battelle designed and implemented a research agenda that included baseline metering of the conventional washers, followed by efficient washer installation and continued metering. Because this evaluation is relying on the modified energy factor (MEF) 2 protocol for calculating energy savings, the majority of washers were metered for usage or cycles only. These cycles data are then used with the equipment-specific MEF to calculate the savings. 1 This mix of properties was selected to be representative of the estimated final mix of properties at the end of the CLP in the PG&E service territory and based on the current mix of properties participating in the early-launched CLP in the Southern California Gas/San Diego Gas and Electric Service Territory. The total number of washers in this study and the mix of washers in each property type is not a statistically significant sample as would normally be drawn for a post-program impact evaluation conducted by and for the California Public Utilities Commission. 2 Modified Energy Factor (MEF) is a combination of the per-cycle washer energy usage (mechanical and hot water) and the energy necessary to dry the clothes. Thus the MEF measures energy consumption of the total laundry cycle (washing and drying). The MEF is a metric to indicate how many cubic feet of laundry can be washed and dried with one kwh of electricity; the higher the number, the greater the efficiency. More information on MEF can be found at May 2008 iii Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

8 Executive Summary As a secondary evaluation designed to confirm in situ savings, a subset of the washers (12 of the 67) was metered at two of the multifamily sites for both hot water and electricity usage. These data were then used to calculate the field-derived energy and water savings. Both sets of data are presented in this report. Table S.1 presents the program clothes washer make and model information and the relevant water heater data. Water heater name-plate make, model, capacity, performance, and datemanufactured information were collected at the two multifamily sites where the more intensive Table S.1. Baseline (pre) and Retrofit (post) Clothes Washers and Water Heating Systems Location Property #1 San Jose 1 Multifamily Property #2 San Jose 2 Multifamily Property #3 Sacramento 1 Multifamily Property #4 Sacramento 2 Multifamily Property #5 Sacramento 3 Multifamily Property #6 San Francisco Coin-operated Laundry Baseline (pre) Clothes Washers Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 9 clothes washers 7 years old Note: all 9 washers metered for hot water and electricity Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 7 clothes washers 8 years old Note: 3 of 7 washers metered for hot water and electricity Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 12 clothes washers 7 years old Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 12 clothes washers 8 years old Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 12 clothes washers 8 years old Speed Queen Top load SWT121LM 15 clothes washers 9 years old Retrofit (post) Clothes Washers Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2 (a) Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2 Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2 Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2 Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2 Speed Queen Front Load SWRT71QN CEE Tier 2 Water Heating System for Clothes Washers A.O. Smith BTR year old Natural gas fired Rated efficiency 80.5% Rheem/Ruud G years old Natural gas fired Rated efficiency 80% Not Characterized Not Characterized Not Characterized Not Characterized (a) Consortium for Energy Efficiency ( Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program iv May 2008

9 Executive Summary metering was installed. These data were used to assess the thermal efficiency of water heaters as part of the field-derived energy and water savings calculation. All data are reported as pre/post; the pre representing the baseline washer and the post being the new efficient washer. Table S.2 presents the total cycles analyzed (pre and post) by location and the average cycles completed per day per washer; the cycles were evaluated via electrical metering connected to each washer. In total, over 10,000 washer cycles (pre and post) were analyzed in support of this effort. Roughly 5,200 cycles were analyzed for the pre period and 5,700 for the post period. Variability in pre and post average cycles per day, most notable in properties #2, #5, and #6, cannot be completely explained through the metering evaluation and data. However, some observations are worth noting. First, increases and decreases in average cycles per day can Table S.2. Pre and Post Metering Results and Clothes Washer MEF Values Location Property #1 San Jose 1 Multifamily Property #2 San Jose 2 Multifamily Property #3 Sacramento 1 Multifamily Property #4 Sacramento 2 Multifamily Property #5 Sacramento 3 Multifamily Property #6 San Francisco Coin-operated Laundry Total Cycles Analyzed Pre/Post Average Cycles per Day Pre/Post Modified Energy Factor (MEF) Baseline/Post (a) 1,470/1, / / / / / /1, / / /1, / / / / /2.19 1,046/1, / /2.16 Totals/Weighted Averages 5,194/5, / /2.18 (a) MEF is used to calculate therm savings. The baseline MEF is a predetermined baseline in agreement with PG&E. It is the current (2007) Federal minimum standard MEF (1.26) and is not the actual MEF of the pre clothes washers metered. MEF for the post clothes washers is from manufacturers data as reported by the Consortium for Energy Efficiency Commercial Family-Sized Clothes Washer Initiative ( May 2008 v Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

10 Executive Summary sometimes be attributed to seasonal variability in clothing washed. Second, at Properties #2 and #5, the variability may be a function of changes in occupancy of the apartments and thus patronage of the particular laundry facilities. Finally, at Property #6, after discussions with a small sample of patrons, the increased cycles of the post equipment may be attributed to the presence of the new washers in the coin-operated laundry and the perceived greater value in using something new over the existing washers, especially when both have the same vend price. As noted in the Table S.2 footnote, the baseline MEF value presented in the table is the agreedupon baseline MEF for calculating CLP program savings, and the post MEF is the MEF of the post washer as documented by CEE. This agreed-upon predetermined baseline MEF is the minimum MEF of the Federal minimum standard commercial clothes washer in The participants in the CLP in 2007 were assumed to have no other choice but to purchase the Federal minimum standard clothes washer in lieu of purchasing a CEE-qualified clothes washer through the CLP, and thus a commercial clothes washer with a MEF of 1.26 was considered to be the baseline clothes washer. Based on a sample of over 10,000 cycles across six sites, a study-wide average of 3.1 cycles per day per washer was calculated. Figure S.1 presents the average annual therm savings per washer by location. These savings were calculated by using MEF values from Table S.2. As noted above, the baseline MEF values assumed the minimum of 1.26 and post MEF values are those reported by CEE. 3 As agreed-upon with PG&E, for clothes washers retrofitted in 2006 under the CLP, the predetermined baseline MEF was 0.82 for those washers that were retrofitted prior to the end of their useful life (replaced early at <10 years old) and was 1.26 for washers replaced at the end of their useful life (normal replacement at 10 or greater years old). Since this study was conduced in 2007, all baseline washers were 1.26 MEF as noted in Table S.2. Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program vi May 2008

11 Executive Summary Average Annual Therm Savings (therms/washer/year) Property #1 MEF-Based Average Annual Per Washer Therm Savings 59.3 Property # Property # Property # Property # Property #6 Figure S.1. Average Annual Therm Savings per Washer by Property The variability in therm savings is directly impacted by the differences in average cycles per washer per day, from property to property. As expected, Property #6 with the highest average cycles per day per washer (4.2 and 5.3 for the pre and post periods, respectively) reported the highest annual therm savings at 75.1 per washer. The lowest savings were reported at property #5, where the average cycles per day per washer were 1.1 and 1.5 for the pre and post periods, respectively. Because the variability in cycles per day (pre to post) cannot be fully explained, the average of these values (pre/post) was used in all therm savings calculations. Commercial Laundry Program Weighted Therm Savings to Date As of early May 2008, the CLP had placed 2,929 qualifying clothes washers. Of these, 896 were installed in and 2,033 were installed in Based on the MEFs of the new washers from CEE data and the appropriate predetermined baseline clothes washer MEF, the CLP-placed weighted annual savings is 61.7 therms/washer/year. 4 Of the 896 clothes washers retrofitted in 2006, 634 (71%) were replaced early and 262 (29%) were normal replacement. The agreed-upon predetermined baseline MEF for clothes washers placed in 2006 is 0.82 for washers replaced early and 1.26 for normal replacement washers. Therm calculations are based on an average clothes washer tub volume of 2.96 cubic feet, per agreement with PG&E. May 2008 vii Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

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13 Acknowledgments This report is the result of numerous people working to achieve a common goal of improving energy efficiency in the commercial and multifamily laundry-sectors in the state of California. The authors wish to acknowledge the significant contribution and valuable assistance provided by Tom Eckhart, founder and CEO of UCONS LLC, who supported and assisted in the design and development of this evaluation. Additional thanks go to the Cal-UCONS team members Steve Shallenberger, Andrea Sanchez, and Jim Craft for assistance in locating evaluation sites. Special thanks go to the participants at the evaluation sites who allowed access and equipment set-up and change-out. Appreciation is also extended to Marjorie Crawford, Kim Chamberlin, David Winiarski, Dave Payson, and Kathy Neiderhiser, all of Battelle, for the conscientious, team-oriented, and highquality assistance they brought to this project. May 2008 ix Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

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15 Contents Executive Summary... iii Acknowledgments... vii 1.0 Introduction Technical Approach Selection of Candidate Evaluation Sites High-Efficiency Clothes Washers Clothes Washer Metering Plan Metered Parameters Collect and Analyze Data Cycles, Energy, and Water Results Clothes Washer Cycles MEF-Based Energy (Therm) Savings Field-Metering-Based Therm Savings Commercial Laundry Program Weighted Savings Summary and Conclusions References Appendix A Site Descriptions and Equipment Photos... A.1 Appendix B Site Selection Criteria... B.1 Appendix C Efficient Clothes Washer Specifications and Cut Sheets... C.1 Appendix D Metering Equipment Documentation... D.1 May 2008 xi Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

16 Contents Figures S.1 Average Annual Therm Savings per Washer by Property... vii 2.1 CLP Metering Equipment Typical Single Clothes Washer Metering Configuration Cycles Only Metering Typical Single Clothes Washer Metering Configuration Full-Suite Metering CLP Total Clothes Washer Cycles Analyzed by Property Average Daily Cycles per Washer by Property Average Annual Therm Savings per Washer by Property Average Per-Cycle Hot-Water Use for Property #1 and Property # Average Annual Therm Savings for Property #1 and Property # Tables S.1 Baseline (pre) and Retrofit (post) Clothes Washers and Water Heating Systems... iv S.2 Pre and Post Metering Results and Clothes Washer MEF Values... v 2.1 Baseline (pre) and Retrofit (post) Clothes Washers and Water Heating Systems CEE Commercial Family-Sized Clothes Washer Specifications CLP Clothes Washer Placement Summary by Protocol-Defined Baseline MEF CLP Summary Findings by Location Annual Weighted Therm Savings for the CLP-Placed Clothes Washers Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program xii May 2008

17 1.0 Introduction The market penetration of high-efficiency clothes washers into the coin-operated multifamily and coin-operated laundry sectors has been challenging. These challenges center on the unique structure of the market (leased versus owned equipment) and difficulties in reaching the key decision makers (Currie and Parker 1998; Sullivan and Parker 1999; Sullivan and Parker 2004). The Commercial Laundry Program (CLP) 5 focused on breaking these market barriers making use of networked organizations to interface directly with multifamily and coin-operated laundry owners/operators, high-efficiency clothes washer manufacturers/distributors, and market-specific equipment leasing organizations, known as route operators. These efforts have taken place in Pacific Gas and Electric s service territory. Built into the CLP implementation plan was a formative evaluation focused on early program results at a representative sample of participating properties. 6 A formative evaluation is atypical for efficiency programs undertaken by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) through the investor-owned utilities and thus has allowed these early results to modify program design and delivery and provide energy savings information and feedback to CLP participants. The goal of this CLP formative evaluation is to document clothes washer usage so-called turns or cycles and provide a measurement of energy and water savings in a small sample of the total evaluation sample. The overall objective agreed to by Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) was to conduct monitoring of at least 60 coin-operated clothes washers at selected properties with natural gas water heat, either multifamily laundry rooms or laundromats (coin-operated laundry stores). The properties were to be representative of the mix of properties and numbers of clothes washers in each property participating in the CLP. The final mix included 52 clothes washers located at four multifamily properties and 15 clothes washers at one Laundromat, for a total sample size of 67 clothes washers. Site descriptions and equipment photos are found in Appendix A. 5 The CLP is operated by Cal-UCONS for the California Public Utilities Commission. See for information on the CLP in the PG&E service territory. 6 The mix of properties in this evaluation was selected to be representative of the estimated final mix of properties at the end of the CLP in the PG&E service territory and based on the current mix of properties participating in the early-launched CLP in the Southern California Gas/San Diego Gas and Electric Service Territory. The total number of washers in this study and the mix of washers in each property type is not a statistically significant sample as would normally be drawn for a post-program impact evaluation conducted by and for the CPUC. May Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

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19 2.0 Technical Approach The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the average cycles per day that clothes washers are used at the selected properties. A secondary objective was to evaluate the in situ performance of a subset of the sample and to calculate field-derived energy and water savings. The approach included the baseline metering of 67 clothes washers located at four multifamily laundry rooms and one coin-operated laundry site in the Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) service territory. All baseline clothes washers were equipped with coin-drop boxes and had vend prices of either $1.00/cycle or $2.00/cycle. The baseline period at the different sites varied from 4 to 8 weeks, with the minimum number of total cycles analyzed per location in excess of the protocolspecified minimum of ~ turns. This duration was considered to be sufficient to capture the range of typical use/operation of the equipment by the customers. Following the baseline (pre) period, the existing clothes washers were replaced with qualified 7 high-efficiency clothes washers (post) being promoted to multifamily and coin-operated laundry owner/operators as part of the CLP. At all sites, the metering of the baseline and high-efficiency clothes washers was consistent pre to post. For the majority of washers (55 of the 67), the metering focused on usage or cycles per day. In addition, 12 of the washers were metered for hot water usage, water temperatures, cycles completed, and data necessary to estimate the rated efficiency of the water-heating systems. Logistical challenges prevailed in scheduling new highefficiency washer installation and therefore, the efficient metering (post) period varied with each site (from 3 to 6 weeks). However, at all sites, the minimum number of total cycles/location for protocol compliance was achieved. Table 2.1 presents the baseline (pre) and efficient (post) clothes washers, along with the water-heating equipment for the two field-derived data sites, as installed at the six sites. 2.1 Selection of Candidate Evaluation Sites As required by the evaluation protocol, the site selection criteria focused exclusively on coinoperated laundry and multifamily sites using natural gas for water heating. Sites were identified and final site selections were made with an understanding of commercial clothes washer distributions between the participating utility (PG&E) and the relative placement shares of CLP clothes washers at multifamily versus coin-operated laundry properties. The final site selection decisions were also balanced against the evaluation program s site selection criteria; these criteria are included as Appendix B. 7 The qualified high-efficiency clothes washers are those under the Consortium for Energy Efficiency Commercial Family-Sized Clothes Washer Initiative for 2006 and for See for a list of qualified commercial clothes washers. May Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

20 Technical Approach Table 2.1. Baseline (pre) and Retrofit (post) Clothes Washers and Water Heating Systems Location Property #1 San Jose 1 Multifamily Property #2 San Jose 2 Multifamily Property #3 Sacramento 1 Multifamily Property #4 Sacramento 2 Multifamily Property #5 Sacramento 3 Multifamily Property #6 San Francisco Coin-operated Laundry Baseline (pre) Clothes Washers Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 9 clothes washers 7 years old Note: all 9 washers metered for hot water and electricity Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 7 clothes washers 8 years old Note: 3 of 7 washers metered for hot water and electricity Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 12 clothes washers 7 years old Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 12 clothes washers 8 years old Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 12 clothes washers 8 years old Speed Queen Top load SWT121LM 15 clothes washers 9 years old Retrofit (post) Clothes Washers Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2 (a) Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2 Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2 Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2 Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2 Speed Queen Front Load SWRT71QN CEE Tier 2 Water Heating System for Clothes Washers A.O. Smith BTR year old Natural gas fired Rated efficiency 80.5% Rheem/Ruud G years old Natural gas fired Rated efficiency 80% Not Characterized Not Characterized Not Characterized Not Characterized (a) Consortium for Energy Efficiency ( 2.2 High-Efficiency Clothes Washers By design, the only clothes washers included as part of the CLP are those listed with the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) as part of the Commercial Clothes Washer Initiative (CEE 2007). This initiative is focused on family-sized commercial clothes washers specifically the types found in multifamily laundry rooms and coin-operated laundry facilities. The clothes washers evaluated were those qualifying for CEE Tiers 1, 2, or 3. As shown in Table 2.1, all efficient clothes washers evaluated qualified for the Tier 2 level. Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program 2.2 May 2008

21 Technical Approach Table 2.2 presents the CEE tiers and their required efficiency levels. These criteria were updated and effective as of January 1, It should be noted that the qualifying metric, the modified energy factor (MEF), takes into account energy related to both washing and drying. While not quantified in this evaluation, new high-efficiency front-loading clothes washers spin clothes at a much higher spin speed and, therefore, spin more moisture out of the clothes than standard top-loading clothes washers. This reduced moisture content (RMC) translates into reduced drying times and, therefore, reduced dryer energy use. The decision on which qualifying clothes washer to choose at any given site was made by the owner/operator of the site and not influenced by the site selection criteria nor the evaluation protocol. As shown in Table 2.1, five of the six properties chose Maytag clothes washers and one chose Speed Queen. Without exception, owner/operators maintained brand loyalty Maytag baseline clothes washers were replaced with Maytag efficient clothes washers and the same with Speed Queen clothes washers. Appendix C provides the high-efficiency clothes washer specifications and manufacturer cut sheets. May Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

22 Technical Approach Table 2.2. CEE Commercial Family-Sized Clothes Washer Specifications Efficiency Level Modified Energy Factor (MEF) Water Factor (WF) CEE Tier CEE Tier CEE Tier Modified Energy Factor: A combination of energy factor and remaining moisture content. MEF measures energy consumption of the total laundry cycle (washing and drying). It indicates how many cubic feet of laundry can be washed and dried with 1 kwh of electricity; the higher the number, the greater the efficiency. These MEFs are the minimum to qualify for the Tier level Water Factor: Number of gallons of water needed for each cubic foot of laundry. A lower number indicates lower water consumption and more efficient use of water. These WFs are the maximum to qualify for the Tier level. 2.3 Clothes Washer Metering Plan To evaluate cycles per day per washer, each of the six locations received end-use metering equipment. At each location, stand-alone data loggers (watt meters) were installed to record and store the relevant per-cycle energy use data. In addition, at two of the six locations, a second data logger and water metering equipment were installed to collect hot water usage, and temperature data for each clothes washer. A description of each monitored parameter is included below; pre and post equipment monitoring is identical. Figure 2.2 details the metering arrangement used to collect the data. The configuration for the two locations with the full-suite of metering equipment is shown in the figure. The four locations collecting cycle-only data used only the watt meter. Appendix D presents the technical details of the metering equipment Metered Parameters Clothes Washer Electrical Energy Use (all washers): Electrical energy use (clothes washer motor and controls) was monitored by a stand-alone watt meter. These watt meters provide percycle electricity use and store these in a time-series format. Clothes Washer Hot Water Use (12 of 67 washers): Hot water use was monitored by waterflow meters installed on the hot supply line to each machine. The water meters are installed inseries with the conventional clothes washer hose connections and placed on the floor behind the clothes washers. The meters provide per-cycle hot water use data to the central data logger, where it is stored in a time-series format. Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program 2.4 May 2008

23 Technical Approach Figure 2.1. CLP Metering Equipment Water Temperatures (12 of 67 washers): Water temperatures, both hot and cold, were monitored using thermisters installed at the water meter location. These data were collected in a time-series record and stored at the central data logger. Figures 2.3 and 2.4 show meters as installed on clothes washers for the CLP. Figure 2.2. Typical Single Clothes Washer Metering Configuration Cycles Only Metering Figure 2.3. Typical Single Clothes Washer Metering Configuration Full- Suite Metering May Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

24 Technical Approach 2.4 Collect and Analyze Data All data stored in the data loggers were retrieved on roughly a monthly basis. The dataintegration interval (time interval over which data were summed and stored) was 5 minutes. A 5-minute integration period is a compromise between the desire to minimize the volume of data collected and the need to be able to discern individual equipment use events. In total, over 10,000 washer cycles were analyzed in support of this effort. Roughly 5,200 cycles were analyzed for the baseline (pre) period and 5,700 for the efficient (post) period. In addition to the metered data, gas-fired water heater name plate make, model, capacity, performance, and date-manufactured information were collected at the two sites instrumented with the full-suite of metering equipment. These data were used to assess the thermal efficiency of the various water heaters at each site. 8 To accurately estimate water heater thermal efficiency, Battelle made use of the database from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Commercial Water Heating Standards analysis, and related industry-reviewed modeling efforts, as well as discussions with the equipment manufacturers, to calculate field efficiency of existing water heating equipment in the properties being monitored. Photos of the water heating systems can be found in Appendix A. 8 Note that the water heating system efficiency for two of metered sites was determined since these sites were metered for hot water usage. The efficiency of these systems was used as a point of reference only. For overall CLP therm savings calculations, a 75% thermal efficiency was used per agreement with PG&E. Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program 2.6 May 2008

25 3.0 Cycles, Energy, and Water Results A total of 67 clothes washers were metered; five sites were multifamily laundry rooms and one site was a coin-operated coin-operated laundry. The results presented below are from data representing more than 10,000 clothes washing cycles. Figure 3.1 presents the total cycles analyzed by property location. Total Cycles Analyzed 1,600 1,470 1,481 1,400 Total Cycles Analyzed 1,200 1, ,095 1, ,046 1,181 Pre Post Property #1 Property #2 Property #3 Property #4 Property #5 Property #6 Figure 3.1. CLP Total Clothes Washer Cycles Analyzed by Property 3.1 Clothes Washer Cycles Per the metering protocol, this evaluation was focused on ascertaining the average cycles per day per washer (i.e., the usage pattern). Figure 3.2 presents the average daily cycles per washer by property for both pre and post periods. The average daily number of cycles varied between 1.1 and 4.2 for the baseline (pre) and 1.5 to 5.3 for the efficient (post) periods. Of interest in the data are changes (both positive and negative) in average cycles per day from the pre to the post periods. Some of these differences are difficult to ascertain; however, discussions with area route operators/clothes washer distributors, factors such as seasonal changes in amount of clothing washed (though in California this should be minimized), potential for vacation activities (thus lowered use of clothes washers) during either period, or changes in occupancy/ demographics at sites are being evaluated. May Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

26 Cycles, Energy, and Water Results Average Cycles Per Day Per Washer Average Hot Water Cycles (cycles/day) Property # Property # Property # Property # Property # Property #6 Pre Post Figure 3.2. Average Daily Cycles per Washer by Property One additional factor that likely increased post-equipment use was the presence of the new equipment in a setting where users had the option of using the new equipment or the remaining (old) baseline equipment. This occurred at Property #6 where only a subset of the total baseline equipment was replaced with efficient equipment. The resulting increase in average cycles per day was from 4.2 to 5.3, or more than 25%, and is explained as customers perceiving value and choosing (for the same vend price) the new efficient washer over an old baseline washer. 3.2 MEF-Based Energy (Therm) Savings Annual natural-gas (therm) savings were calculated by using the MEF metric. This metric uses manufacturer/model-specific MEFs (shown in Table 2.1) along with the metered cycles-per-day data to calculate the per-cycle energy use. To calculate the savings at each property, the post per-cycle energy use was subtracted from the pre per-cycle energy use. In all cases, the pre MEF was assumed to be the current 2007 Federal Standard minimum MEF value of 1.26 for familysized commercial clothes washers. This value is significantly higher (thus assumed more efficient) than that of the actual pre equipment metered. The 1.26 MEF baseline value was used as part of the agreed-upon evaluation protocol for washers retrofitted in the CLP in 2007 and beyond. 9 9 As agreed-upon with PG&E, for clothes washers retrofitted in 2006 under the CLP, the predetermined baseline MEF was 0.82 for those washers that were retrofitted prior to the end of their useful life (replaced early at 0 10 years old) and was 1.26 for washers replaced at the end of their useful life (normal replacement at greater than 10 years old). Since this study was conduced in 2007, all baseline washers were predetermined to be 1.26 MEF. Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program 3.2 May 2008

27 Cycles, Energy, and Water Results Figure 3.3 presents the annual therm savings by property. Given the similarity of MEF values (pre to post) for all equipment, the annual therm savings track with the average usage cycles data shown in Figure 3.2. Property #6 reported the highest average cycles per day per washer and thus had the highest annual savings at 75.1 therms per washer. The lowest savings were reported associated with property #5 where the average cycles per day per washer were the lowest. Because of the variability in cycles per day (pre to post) cannot be fully explained solely by the data, the average of each property s pre/post values was used in all therm savings calculations. Average Annual Therm Savings (therms/washer/year) Property #1 MEF-Based Average Annual Per Washer Therm Savings 59.3 Property # Property # Property # Property # Property #6 Figure 3.3. Average Annual Therm Savings per Washer by Property 3.3 Field-Metering-Based Therm Savings As mentioned, a subset of the total washers (12 washers at two multifamily properties) was metered for both energy and water. This was done to confirm the protocol engineering-based savings calculations and to ensure program savings targets were met as part of the formative evaluation. Figure 3.4 presents the average hot-water usage in gallons per cycle for the two locations. From the data, a significant reduction in hot-water usage is noted in both locations, with Property #1 showing a higher use for both the pre and post washers when compared to Property #2. This higher usage is somewhat curious given the similarities in the pre and post equipment. After discussions with manufacturers and local route operators, this difference is likely related to local demographics and specifically how users at different locations make different cycle decisions (i.e., cold, warm, or hot wash decisions). May Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

28 Cycles, Energy, and Water Results Field Metering Average Per-Cycle Hot Water Use Average Hot Water Use (gals/cycle) Property #1 Property #2 Pre Post Figure 3.4. Average Per-Cycle Hot-Water Use for Property #1 and Property #2 Calculating the average per cycle hot-water savings, the greatest hot savings took place at Property #1, with an average savings of 6.8 gallons of hot water per cycle compared to 5.9 gallons at Property #2. The field-metering-based annual therm savings were calculated using the metered average hotwater savings per cycle, the average temperature difference of the hot and cold water, the rated thermal efficiency of the water heater at the property 10 and the average of the metered cycles per day per clothes washer (Figure 3.2). As expected, the annual therm savings track with hot water savings and average daily cycles for each property. As shown in Figure 3.5, Property #1 reported the higher savings of 59.8 therms per year compared to Property #2 at 53.8 therms per year. The savings associated with the field-derived evaluation are very close to those of the MEFbased calculation. This similarity takes into account two counteracting effects in how the values were derived. First, the baseline clothes washer for the field-derived therm savings was the actual existing clothes washer that was metered; this equipment is older (and less efficient) than the predetermined baseline (1.26 MEF) used for the CLP therm savings calculation. This difference should have driven the therm savings higher in the field-derived evaluation. Countering these expected higher therm savings of the field-derived evaluation are the additional savings incorporated in the MEF-based evaluation from the inclusion of the dryer energy 10 There is likely nominal degradation of this rated thermal efficiency over time due to equipment aging. Therefore, the values presented should be considered a conservative estimate of water heater thermal efficiency and calculated annual therm savings at each site. Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program 3.4 May 2008

29 Cycles, Energy, and Water Results savings. Recall, the MEF-based calculation takes additional credit for savings at the clothes dryer due to the reduced moisture of the clothes from the high-efficiency clothes washer (i.e., the higher spin speed extracts more moisture resulting in reduced dryer energy use). The net results are that the savings of the field-derived therm savings and the predetermined MEF-based therm savings calculations are very similar. Average Annual Therm Savings (therms/year) Field Metering Average Annual Therm Savings Property #1 Property #2 Figure 3.5. Average Annual Therm Savings for Property #1 and Property #2 3.4 Commercial Laundry Program Weighted Savings As of early May 2008, the CLP had placed 2,929 CEE 2007 Tier 1 and Tier 2 qualifying clothes washers in the PG&E service territory. As part of the CLP tracking data, all placed clothes washers were binned according to the age of pre-clothes washers. In 2006, the pre-washers were binned into one of two bins: 0 10 years old or greater than 10 years old. The former bin resulted in a early replacement scenario and assumed a predetermined baseline MEF of The latter bin resulted in a normal replacement scenario and assumed predetermined baseline MEF of 1.26 the Federal minimum standard. All washers replace in 2007 and 2008 assumed a predetermined baseline MEF of A summary of these bins and clothes washers is provided in Table 3.1. To estimate the weighted program savings as of early May 2008, resulting from the CLP, the data in Table 3.1 were used along with the actual manufacturer-reported MEFs from the CEE list of the qualified replacement clothes washers and the field evaluation average cycles per day/washer of Table 3.1. Using these data, the program-weighted savings per washer is 61.7 therms per year. May Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

30 Cycles, Energy, and Water Results Table 3.1. CLP Clothes Washer Placement Summary by Protocol-Defined Baseline MEF 2006 Pre-Washer Age Bin Early Replacement 2006 Pre-Washer Age Bin Normal Replacement 2007 and 2008 Pre-Washers Predetermined Baseline MEF Number of Clothes Washers ,033 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program 3.6 May 2008

31 4.0 Summary and Conclusions The purpose of this demonstration was to measure the total cycles (and calculate the average cycles per day) per washer and to use these results (and the MEF-based protocol) to calculate the average energy (therm) savings on a per-washer basis. In addition, a field-derived evaluation of washer performance was completed. Table 4.1 summarizes the key data and findings of this study including the number of washer cycles analyzed, the average cycles per day, and the average annual therm savings. Each of these metrics is provided specific to the participating property. In total, over 10,000 washer cycles were analyzed, roughly 5,200 for the baseline and 5,700 for the efficient periods, respectively. The average annual therm savings varied from 21.4 to 75.1 therms per washer per year. The variance in therm savings was predominantly related to the average cycles per day per washer, from property to property. Location Table 4.1. CLP Summary Findings by Location Total Cycles Analyzed Pre/Post Average Cycles Per Day Pre/Post Modified Energy Factor Baseline/Post Average Annual Energy Savings Per Washer (therms/year) (a) Property #1 1,470/1, / / Property #2 358/ / / Property #3 930/1, / / Property #4 961/1, / / Property #5 429/ / / Property #6 1,046/1, / / Totals 5,194/5, / / (a) Field-derived therm savings values for properties #1 and #2 were calculated to be 59.8 and 53.8 respectively. To calculate the CLP weighted average annual savings, we used the early May reporting of the CLP program equipment placement a total of 2,929 clothes washers had been placed as of this date. This calculation was made by age bin of the baseline washers (2006-placed washers 0 to 10 years, and greater than 10 years old) and calculated as a weighted annual therm savings per washer (therms per washer, per year) and weighted program-wide savings (therms per year). These calculated values are presented in Table 4.2. May Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

32 Summary and Conclusions Table 4.2. Annual Weighted Therm Savings for the CLP-Placed Clothes Washers 2006-Placed Washers Placed Washers Totals Number Placed 896 (a) 2,033 2,929 Total Therm Savings (therms/year) (b) 77, , ,577 Weighted Savings (therms/washer/year) (a) As noted in Table 3.1, 634 (71%) were early replacement and 262 (29%) were normal replacement. (b) Therm calculations are based on an average clothes washer tub volume of 2.96 cubic feet, per agreement with PG&E. From the perspective of equipment placed and taking into account age bins, reported MEFs of baseline and replacement washers, and washer use, the CLP-placed weighted annual therm savings per clothes washer is Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program 4.2 May 2008

33 5.0 References Sullivan GP and GB Parker The Economics of Commercial-Grade Horizontal-Axis Clothes Washers: Detailed Metering and Real-World Savings. In Proceedings of American Water Works Association CONSERV 99. January 31 February 3, 1999, Monterey, California. Sullivan GP and GB Parker The Resource Efficient Laundry Room Demonstration. Prepared by Battelle for the State of Wisconsin, Department of Administration, Division of Energy. Currie JW, GB Parker, and DB Elliott Private Multifamily Market Transformation Via Centralized and Volume Procurement: Initial Program Design. Prepared by Battelle for Southern California Edison Company, Rosemead, California. Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Consortium for Energy Efficiency Commercial, Family-Sized Clothes Washer Initiative. Consortium for Energy Efficiency, Boston, Massachusetts. Information available at: May Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

34 References This page intentionally left blank. Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program 5.2 May 2008

35 Appendix A Site Descriptions and Equipment Photos May 2008 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

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37 Appendix A Site Data Property #1: San Jose 1 Multifamily Site Description Multifamily site with nine top-load (all Maytag) washers distributed across three laundry rooms All washers 2000 vintage Baseline washers Maytag model: MAT12PDB All clothes dryers are gas-fired. Water is heated by stand-alone 100-gallon gas-fired water heater located in adjoining rooms. Note: the water heaters also serve apartment hot water loads. Metering All nine of the baseline washers were metered for hot-water and electricity use. Water Heater Vintage: 2000 Mfg: A.O. Smith tank-type water heater Model #: BTR (input 199,000 Btu/hr, recovery gal/hr) Fuel: Natural gas Capacity: 100 gallons Note unit has automatic vent damper installed; however, it is stuck in open position. Water Temperatures Hot: 127 F Cold: 63 F May 2008 A.1 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

38 Appendix A Site Photos Property #1: Baseline washer Baseline washers Efficient washer Efficient washers Water heater Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program A.2 May 2008

39 Appendix A Site Data Property #2: San Jose 2 Multifamily Site Description Multifamily site with seven top-load (all Maytag) washers distributed across three laundry rooms All washers 1999 vintage Baseline washers Maytag model: MAT12PDBAW All clothes dryers are gas-fired. Water is heated by stand-alone 100-gallon gas-fired water heater located in adjoining closets. Note: the water heaters also serve apartment hot water loads. Metering Three of the baseline washers were metered for hot-water and electricity use; the remaining four washers were metered for electricity only. Water Heater Vintage: 2004 Mfg: Ruud/Rheem tank-type water heater Model #: G (standby loss 2.04% or 1,143 Btu/hr. Rated thermal efficiency 80%) Fuel: Natural gas Capacity: 100 gallons Note unit has automatic vent damper installed; however, it is stuck in open position. Water Temperatures Hot: 129 F Cold: 60 F May 2008 A.3 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

40 Appendix A Site Photos Property #2: Baseline washer Baseline washers Efficient washer Efficient washers Water heater Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program A.4 May 2008

41 Appendix A Site Data Property #3: Sacramento 1 Multifamily Site Description Multifamily site with 12 top-load (all Maytag) washers distributed. All washers 1998 vintage Baseline washers Maytag model: MAT12PDBAW All clothes dryers are gas-fired. Water is heated by gas-fired water heater located in adjoining mechanical area. Note: the water heaters also serve apartment hot water loads. Metering All washers were metered for electricity only. Water Heating/Water Temperatures Because this site was monitored for cycles-only, water heater and water temperature data were not collected. May 2008 A.5 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

42 Appendix A Site Photos Property #3: Baseline washer Baseline washers Efficient washer Efficient washers Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program A.6 May 2008

43 Appendix A Site Data Property #4: Sacramento 2 Multifamily Site Description Multifamily site with 12 top-load (all Maytag) washers distributed. All washers 1999 vintage Baseline washers Maytag model: MAT12PDBAW All clothes dryers are gas-fired. Water is heated by gas-fired water heater located in adjoining mechanical area. Note: the water heaters also serve apartment hot water loads. Metering All washers were metered for electricity only. Water Heating/Water Temperatures Because this site was monitored for cycles-only, water heater and water temperature data were not collected. May 2008 A.7 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

44 Appendix A Site Photos - Property #4 Baseline washer Baseline washers Efficient washer Efficient washers Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program A.8 May 2008

45 Appendix A Site Data Property #5 Sacramento 3 Multifamily Site Description Multifamily site with 12 top-load (all Maytag) washers distributed. All washers 1998 vintage Baseline washers Maytag model: MAT12PDBAW All clothes dryers are gas-fired. Water is heated by gas-fired water heater located in adjoining mechanical area. Note: the water heaters also serve apartment hot water loads. Metering All washers were metered for electricity only. Water Heating/Water Temperatures Because this site was monitored for cycles-only, water heater and water temperature data were not collected. May 2008 A.9 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

46 Appendix A Site Pictures Property #5 Baseline washer Baseline washers Efficient washer Efficient washers Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program A.10 May 2008

47 Appendix A Site Data Property #6 San Francisco Coin-operated Laundry Site Description Coin-operated laundry site with 48 top-load (all Speed Queen) and a variety of differentsized multi-load washers. All top-load washers of 1998 vintage. Baseline washers Speed Queen model: SWT121LM All clothes dryers are gas-fired. Water is heated by gas-fired water heater located in adjoining mechanical area. Metering 15 of the top-load washers were metered for electricity only. Water Heating/Water Temperatures Because this site was monitored for cycles-only, water heater and water temperature data were not collected. May 2008 A.11 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

48 Appendix A Site Pictures Property #6 Baseline washer Baseline washers Efficient washer Efficient washers Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program A.12 May 2008

49 Appendix B Site Selection Criteria May 2008 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

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51 Appendix B Sample Call for Participants Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program Evaluation The Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program evaluation is seeking apartment complexes and coin-operated coin-operated laundrys for a demonstration of resource-efficient equipment and technologies to quantify energy and water savings in common area laundry rooms and coinoperated laundrys. The focus of the demonstration will be high-efficiency coin- or card-operated clothes washers. The demonstration is expected to last up to 6 months and will include three phases: 1) metering of existing equipment, 2) installation of new technologies, followed by 3) metering of the new technologies. All new equipment is commercially available and proven technology. If necessary, signs providing equipment operation instructions will be provided. The equipment to measure energy and water use of the existing and new equipment will be unobtrusive and will not bother tenants. The technical criteria for participation and the roles and responsibilities for demonstration participation are attached. After reviewing these, if you are interested, please send a letter/fax/ stating your interest to: Cal-UCONS team point of contact Address: Phone: Fax: Once interested/qualified sites are identified, a site visit will be conducted to evaluate against criteria, and a selection will be made. For more information on the technical aspects of the equipment or monitoring program, please contact: Greg Sullivan Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Phone: (509) gp.sullivan@pnl.gov May 2008 B.1 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

52 Appendix B Site Technical Criteria Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program Evaluation Objective Selection of Demonstration Site The Cal-UCONS staff will select a demonstration site from those meeting all the Required Criteria and the greatest number of the Desired Criteria. Based on past new-technology demonstrations and end-use metering needs, the following site criteria have been assembled. The ideal laundry rooms for this demonstration would be configured as follows: Required Criteria The owner or property manager must own the current laundry equipment. Hot water generated by either electric or natural gas water heater. The property must have laundry room(s) containing at least four standard top-loading washers. Laundry rooms have access to (or ability to access) dedicated phone lines (additional phone lines, connection fees, and monthly charges will be paid for by Cal-UCONS). Desired Criteria The owner/operator of the demonstration site is interested in new, energy/water-efficient technology. Laundry room configuration lends itself to metering and replacement of washer equipment. Laundry rooms are located on the first floor or in the basement of the building(s). Laundry rooms are secure and not susceptible to vandalism, but are accessible by demonstration staff. Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program B.2 May 2008

53 Appendix B Roles and Responsibilities Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program Evaluation The owner/property manager and the Cal-UCONS demonstration manager will each have clear roles and responsibilities. Demonstration site owner/property manager will: Grant Cal-UCONS staff access to laundry rooms to complete the following tasks: Installation of metering equipment (1 to 2 days at start of program; expect maximum of 1 day of room closure); Installation of new washers (requiring 1 to 2 days about 3 months after metering installation; expect maximum of 2 days of room closure); Periodic access to check on equipment and metered data (requiring 1 day per month; no interruption of room use); Access by equipment manufacturer s staff for any maintenance calls; and Removal of metering equipment (1 day at end of demonstration; expect maximum of 1 day of room closure). Be able to assist with installation activities and oversight, as required. Cal-UCONS demonstration manager/staff will: Install metering equipment; Assist in installation of new washer, and Collect data on site and via telephone from monitoring equipment. May 2008 B.3 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

54 Appendix B This page intentionally left blank. Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program B.4 May 2008

55 Appendix C Efficient Clothes Washer Specifications and Cut Sheets May 2008 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

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57 Appendix C Maytag High-Efficiency Clothes Washer May 2008 C.1 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

58 Appendix C Maytag High-Efficiency Clothes Washer, continued Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program C.2 May 2008

59 Appendix C Speed Queen High-Efficiency Clothes Washer May 2008 C.3 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

60 Appendix C Speed Queen High-Efficiency Clothes Washer, continued Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program C.4 May 2008

61 Appendix C Speed Queen High-Efficiency Clothes Washer, continued May 2008 C.5 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

62 Appendix C Speed Queen High-Efficiency Clothes Washer, continued Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program C.6 May 2008

63 Appendix D Metering Equipment Documentation May 2008 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

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65 Appendix D Data Logger Specifications May 2008 D.1 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

66 Appendix D Data Logger Specifications, continued Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program D.2 May 2008

67 Appendix D Watt Meter Specifications Specifications: 120 v, 60 Hz, 15 amps Higher ratings of 100 to 250v, 50/60 Hz, and 15 amps require the universal outlet (UO) version. The electronics in the meter are capable of 20 amps but the cord and receptacle have different ratings. Verify the rating on the cordset you are purchasing. ±1.5%, +3 counts of the displayed value Below 60 watts, amps and power factor lose accuracy USB interface Mains supply voltage fluctuations not to exceed ±10% of the nominal voltage Rate can be entered from $0.001 to $85.00 per kilowatt hour, in tenths of a penny Input is via 6 ft electric cord (USA style only), output is via outlet on top of meter Indoor use only Dimensions: 7 in. x 4 in. x 2 in. (18 cm x 10 cm x 5 cm) Weight: 1.5 lbs (0.7 kg) UL listed to standard UL , and CAN CAS/C UO version also CE marked UL certification requires the following statement: Altitude up to 2000 meters Temperature 5 C to 40 C Maximum relative humidity 80% for temperatures up to 31 C decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40 C Installation Category II May 2008 D.3 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

68 Appendix D Water Meter Specifications Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program D.4 May 2008

69 Appendix D Water Meter Specifications, continued May 2008 D.5 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

70 Appendix D Water Meter Specifications, continued Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program D.6 May 2008

71 Appendix D Water Meter Specifications, continued May 2008 D.7 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

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