Energy Saving Options for Arenas

Transcription

1 Energy Saving Options for Arenas N.S. Nesbit Memorial Arena Minden, Ontario Component One Presented to: Mr. T. Whillans Mr. R. Cox Prepared by: Miss Caitlin Rochon Miss Brittney Wielgos

2 2 P a g e Table of contents Introduction and Project description 3 Energy Systems 4 Geothermal Energy Technology Case Study 1: Riverview Curling Club Case Study 2: Barrhead Arena Off-Peak Cooling 9 Case Study 3: The Dow Centennial Centre Desiccant Dehumidification 14 Case Study 4: Kentwood Ice Arena RETScreen Prefeasibility Analysis 16 Conclusion 17 List of Figures Figure 1: Ice Kube Geoexchange Systems for two buildings 5 Figure 2: Installation of an Ice Kube geoexchange system 6 Figure 3: Geoexchange heat pump system 7 Figure 4: Ice Ball Thermal Storage 10 Figure 5: Desiccant Dehumidification Technology 15

3 3 P a g e Introduction and Project Description Located just one hour north of Lindsay on Highway #35; West of Haliburton; South of Dorset; is the small town of Minden, population less than Here you will find S.G. Nesbitt Memorial Arena an indoor rink open seasonally from August 1 st to March 31 st. The arena is active with public skating, figure skating and ice skating lessons, ice hockey and hockey clinics. The current infrastructure of the arena is not meeting the growing needs of the community. Currently the building has vinyl crown, reflective e ceiling. One third was replaced a few years ago; the remaining was installed years ago. The roof is steel and the building lacks insulation of any kind, there are two dehumidifiers that control the humidity, however, they are both outdated. During winter months the outdoor temperature matches that of the indoor temperature, a very uncomfortable atmosphere for spectators. This is similar during spring/summer months where temperatures are too warm, the dehumidifiers are affected by the outdoor humidity, and evidently the ice begins to melt. There have been many reported cases of fog and pooling on the ice surface, posing safety hazards for both facility users and staff. The current refrigeration system is outdated and needs to be replaced within the next few years. The general manager expressed an interest in exploring high-efficiency options in replacement for the refrigeration system. Presently, the system runs off of propane, which may not be a feasible alternative as energy costs continue to increase. In addition, the Minden Curling Club, which also has an outdated refrigeration system is situated uphill 200 meters from the refrigeration room of the arena. Thus, the potential for a combined refrigeration system is possible. This project has been divided into three different components: this report summarizes component one, which investigates different energy efficient heating and cooling options for the arena and curling club. Component two explores energy efficient insulation and lighting options, and component three looks into water conservation techniques and

4 4 P a g e technology. Each component takes into consideration energy-efficient options as well as unknown future uses of the facility. Geothermal Arena Technology Geothermal or geoexchange systems take advantage of solar energy stored in the ground where the temperature remains constant at approximately 12 C throughout the year. In the winter, heat pumps are used to extract heat from the ground or ground water and transfer it into buildings for space heating or hot water heating. In the summer, the heat pumps reverse the process, removing heat from the building and returning it to the ground cooling the building (BC Hydro, 2005). The company chosen to provide the geothermal system for this project is Ice Kube Systems out of Brandon, Manitoba. In addition to supporting the Canadian economy there have been many installation of this system throughout North America and particularly in the northern states and Canada. Many resources are available that discuss the process of installation and there is a wealth of case studies with the exact system the Minden arena would require. Ice Kube Systems also designs systems that are more effective in northern climates. A geothermal heat pump system consists of pipes buried in the ground, a heat exchanger and ductwork into the building. The loop of pipes is buried vertically or horizontally near or beneath the building. The loop circulates a fluid that absorbs heat or relinquishes heat to the surrounding soil depending on the temperature of the ambient air in contrast to the soil (BC Hydro, 2005).

5 5 P a g e Figure 1: Ice Kube Geoexchange Systems for two buildings Geothermal ice rinks apply some of the same principles of conventional refrigeration systems with entirely different design. Heat pumps can extract heat from fluid from as low as -18 C and as high as 27 C to maintain the ice while warming water up to 43 C. The large temperature range capacity of the heat pumps allows for excellent design flexibility that is ideal in retrofitting outdated arenas. As well, depending on the availability of design space the system can adequately provide space heating and service hot water. Conversely, geothermal ice rinks have several components that are unique to their systems. For example, the ground heat exchanger (GHX) provides a secondary energy source for the heat pumps as well as a medium to temporarily store thermal energy taken from the ice when it can t be used in the building. The same heat pumps can also extract energy from the GHX to provide heat for the building even when refrigeration is not needed. Additional heat pumps in other areas of the building, or even in another building, can be connected to the same GHX to provide space heating, and service hot water heating. They can also reject energy to the GHX and provide air conditioning in the buildings connected to the GHX (Bryson, 2007). Removing the existing pad and replacing it with a pad 5 to 8 times thicker would provide an additional energy source without affecting the temperature of the rink itself. The increased thickness of the floor would allow for the absorption of large amounts of energy during peak ice times. As well when the heat pumps are making or chilling the thermal storage buffer under the ice they will simultaneously provide heating to the

6 6 P a g e building for free. Having separately controlled heat pumps from different heat sources allows one heat pump to provide refrigeration directly to the ice, a second heat pump to sub-cool the thermal storage buffer for a hockey game later in the day, while a third heat pump can withdraw additional energy from the GHX to provide full heating capacity to the building if needed. In the summer, all of the heat pumps can chill the ice during peak use while only one of them provides the necessary heat to the building (Bryson, 2007). Customer comfort is typically very high with geothermal systems, since heating and cooling can be done simultaneously and the systems offer zone control of heating levels. As well, geoexchange systems work by concentrating naturally existing heat, rather than by producing heat through the combustion of fossil fuels, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Geoexchange systems do not use commercial refrigeration chemicals and procedures making it more environmentally friendly and the installation easier and more straightforward since a refrigeration ticket is not required (BC Hydro, 2005). Figure 2: Installation of an Ice Kube geoexchange system

7 7 P a g e Figure 3: Geoexchange Heat Pump System Case Study 1: Riverview Curling Club (Brandon, Manitoba) In 1993, the Riverview Curling Club in Brandon wanted to install air conditioning and replace the heating system in the lounge of their 5-sheet curling club. They made the decision to replace the gas furnace with a geothermal heat pump. Three years later, the club was faced with the cost of replacing the chiller barrel of their ice plant and rebuilding the compressor. The board of directors decided instead to replace their ice plant with two Ice Kube water-to-water heat pumps. They also opted to replace a second gas furnace and the gas unit heaters in the ice area with geothermal heat pumps. The club was also experiencing problems with high humidity in the ice shed during startup. The cost of repairing the existing ice plant, installing a dehumidification system for the ice area, replacing the gas furnaces and adding air conditioning was estimated at $70,000. The cost of installing the integrated system to make ice, dehumidify the ice area, and heat and cool the building was $106,000, including the cost of drilling the vertical earth loop beside the club. The existing sand floor was left in place. The header was replaced and

8 8 P a g e the existing rink pipe was connected to it. The salt brine was replaced with methanol antifreeze. Since the installation of the integrated system, the maintenance costs have virtually disappeared and energy costs have averaged $13,000 per year. The club has been able to generate additional revenue because air conditioning is available in the lounge area. The air-conditioning system is able to cool the entire ice area during the off-season. The icemaker is able to maintain better ice conditions as a direct result of the dehumidifier that was added to the system. With the conventional system, the icemaker was required to monitor the refrigerant pressures several times per day. This took about 1½ hours per day. Since the installation of the integrated geothermal system, that time has been available for other maintenance of the building. At the beginning and end of each season, the club called a service technician to start up the system properly, at a cost of approximately $1,200 annually (if no repairs were needed). These start up procedures were eliminated with the Ice Kube System, since start up is as simple as turning on power to the units, which is based on the club's schedule rather than the service companies. "The Ice Kube System has lowered operating costs. It's been easier to control ice and building temperatures, and the system has been very reliable and easy to operate and startup. Virtually no maintenance has been required since installation. We would definitely recommend the system to other curling clubs and hockey rinks." Riverview Curling Club Case Study 2: Barrhead Arena (Barrhead, Alberta) The old "barn" in Barrhead, AB had served the community well for 50 years, but a growing population and operating and maintenance costs for the old rink demanded a new multi-purpose facility to provide space for other events including the annual summer rodeo. The community decided to connect the rink to the existing swimming pool and to recover some of the heat from the ice rink. As well, a 400-seat multi-purpose

9 9 P a g e room/community hall is located between the rink and the pool and a walking track is part of the ice area concourse. Six Ice Kube geoexchage heat pump units provide the refrigeration capacity for the ice rink while simultaneously providing heat for the radiant floor heating system throughout most of the building, including the change rooms, the lobby, the connecting link between the arena and the pool, and the ice rink area. If heat is not needed in the building, it is stored in a horizontal earth loop adjacent to the building. An additional Ice Kube unit draws heat energy from the earth loop to provide heat to the swimming pool, greatly reducing natural gas consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Several other heat pumps provide heating and air conditioning for the second floor restaurant and lounge, the multi-purpose room and lobby. A dehumidification/heat/cool unit connected to the earth loop provides humidity control for the ice area, as well as providing tons of air conditioning and 250,000 btuh (75 kw) of heat if needed, allowing much more use of the rink area (Ice Kube Systems, 2006). Off-Peak Cooling Air conditioning is usually the largest electrical load of commercial buildings. Simply changing to an off peak electricity consumption schedule can reduce on-peak demand by over 1,200 MW and reducing the demand on power generation facilities. As well, it can reduce air conditioning energy costs by 20-50% and protect the environment by reducing emissions since the dirtiest power plants operate at peak hours (Williams, 2004). Off-Peak Cooling involves making ice at night when electricity demands and energy costs are lowest, using the temperature of the ice during the day to provide cooling or other cooling processes. Ice thermally stores energy providing the cooling capacity necessary to maintain air conditioning during the day without operating energy-intensive chillers. Ice has unique physical properties that permit high heat of fusion storage, or the ability to

10 10 P a g e convert a unit mass of a solid at its melting point into a liquid without an increase in temperature acting as a thermal battery (Williams, 2004). Innovative Cooling Technologies (Ottawa) is the only Canadian supplier of Ice Balls. Ice Balls are 10.3cm diameter spheres constructed of high performance polyethylene and filled with water to form ice for cool energy storage. They are placed in storage tanks, charged (frozen), and discharged (melted) by means of circulating a glycol based heat transfer fluid around them. Ice Balls are more efficient mechanisms than Ice-On-Coil tanks since they do not contain fragile coils surrounded by water. Ice-on-coil systems pass a refrigerant or warmed refrigerant through the coils resulting in uneven freezing and melting, ultimately leading to expensive air pumps and other products to prevent ice caps, ice bridging, flow channeling and even overcharging that can damage the tanks and cripple performance (Innovative Cooling Technologies of Canada, 2010). Figure 4: Ice Ball Thermal Storage Off-Peak Cooling Process 1. Charge Cycle Ice Making A glycol/water mix is chilled to typically -5 C to -2 C by the chiller. The superchilled glycol circulates through the Ice Balls in the storage tank freezing them to make ice. A smaller chiller than traditional AC systems can often be used due to the

11 11 P a g e advantages of thermal energy storage and the optimal performance and efficiency achieved by operating at night in more favorable ambient conditions. Charging occurs during off-peak hours at night when electricity costs are the lowest. 2. Discharge Cycle Ice Melting During discharge mode the chiller is bypassed. The glycol solution is circulated extracting the heat from air cooling systems and is then fed into the storage tank of ice. The warmer glycol melts the ice, the process of which re-cools the glycol. The chilled glycol (this time by the Ice Balls instead of the chiller) is pumped back to the load to provide air conditioning (or process cooling) and the loop is repeated. The discharge cycle is used during the day to satisfy peak load demand when air conditioning is required the most. By using ice to cool the glycol the chillers are offline during the day dramatically reducing the peak electricity load and saving thousands of dollars. 3. Standby Mode Traditional AC In standby mode the thermal energy storage is bypassed and the chiller provides cooling directly without using ice. This allows ice to be conserved for later periods with higher demand or times of highest electricity prices (Innovative Cooling Technologies of Canada, 2010). In conjunction with Off-Peak Cooling, Ice Kube Systems manufactures water-towater heat pumps designed to operate efficiently and nearly double the operating efficiency of the system. The heat pumps produce chilled water to build ice in the tanks while making warm fluid that can heat the building, preheat domestic water, provide radiant heat for snowmelt, etc. As well, many Canadian locations still require cooling after the afternoon heat loads, ice buildup the previous night is used for air conditioning the next day.

12 12 P a g e Implementing Off-Peak Cooling in conjunction with the geothermal system would decrease energy consumption and provide energy availability to the Minden Curling Club so that the system could easily support both facilities. Case Study 3: The Dow Centennial Centre (Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta) The Dow Centennial Centre is a multi-purpose facility that services the cultural and recreational needs of the community. The facility incorporates a NHL sized arena, a leisure ice rink, a 450-seat performing arts theatre, an art gallery, pottery studio, banquet rooms, a full-size indoor soccer field, and a 5,000 sq. ft. fitness centre with running track. Energy efficiency and Canada s commitment to the Kyoto protocol led to the use of an energyefficient ammonia refrigeration system for the refrigeration of the ice rinks, with the capability of recycling all of the rejected heat back into the building environment as well as providing air conditioning. For the thermal energy storage medium, the thermal battery system filled with plastic spheres called Ice Balls was used. Due to its storing of thermal energy using phase change instead of temperature change, the thermal battery minimized space (90% smaller than a glycol tank) and cost. When the compressor heat rejection exceeds that being used in the building, the warm glycol from the condenser flows around the ice balls storing thermal energy in them. At night, when the ice rink load is low but building heat is needed, the compressors operate and circulate cold glycol to the ice battery, refreezing the water in the spheres, which provides a suitable refrigeration load. Warm glycol from the plate and frame condenser continues to provide heat to the building. The cycle then repeats the next day when excess heat is available and is used to once again melt the ice in the ice battery. By using the thermal battery to load shift, we are able to provide approximately 4 BTUs of heat energy from the refrigeration plant for each BTU of compressor energy input without compromising ice quality. Thus, the energy cost to recover the stored heat in the thermal battery is considerably lower than even natural gas burned in a high efficiency

13 13 P a g e furnace or boiler. The chilled glycol from the ice battery can also be directed to cooling coils in the soccer field area and the theatre. This gives the facility the opportunity to take advantage of lower night-time electrical rates to generate off-peak cooling for these areas in the summer months, when the ice battery is not required for heating purposes. It also allowed the down-sizing of cooling coils and cold glycol mains because the glycol from the ice battery is discharged to the systems at 1 to 5 C. The integration of the refrigeration plant with the building heating/cooling requirements required the development of a complex DDC control system to oversee the refrigeration plant operation. The refrigeration plant control communicates with the building automation control system using BACNET, receiving back information on heating loads required, valve positions, pump status, etc. This allows the refrigeration controllers to calculate how to best distribute the heat of rejection from the refrigeration. Based on the heat available, the refrigeration controllers input a bias onto the room temperature setpoints. If the heat available from the refrigeration system is higher than the heating loads required for the buildings, a positive bias is input into the system. That is, the room temperature setpoints are increased, allowing for more heat to be transferred to the rooms. If the heat available from the refrigeration system is less than the heating loads required for the building, a negative bias is input into the room temperature setpoints. This allows for heat load shedding in the rooms, which would prevent the backup boilers from turning on, saving energy. Since radiant in- floor heaters are used, the room temperature changes at a slower rate, facilitating the use of load shifting. In summation, this project resulted in an astounding amount of energy savings and a payback of less than 5 years.

14 14 P a g e Desiccant Dehumidification A major challenge faced by year-round recreational arena facilities is inefficiencies and down time related to humidity control. The Minden Arena has outdated dehumidifiers and will find that the quality of their ice will be poor in the summer particularly of no upgrades are made to the insulation. Uncontrolled humidity results in fog, condensation, mold, poor ice conditions and an increased load on the ice refrigeration system (Munters Corporation, 2006). Desiccants are better at removing moisture than electric dehumidifies, especially at low Canadian temperatures and at 10 to 20% more energy efficient. They are also very reliable systems since there are no compressors, belts, fuses, coils, or drip pans to maintain and they do not rely on harmful refrigerants like CFCs and HCFCs (Enbridge Gas Distribution Inc, 2011). Desiccant dehumidification technology is very simple, humid air passes through the rotating desiccant wheel, moisture is removed from the air by the desiccant, and the dry air is then delivered to the arena (Figure 1). The desiccant wheel is reactivated to provide continuous dehumidification using a separate heated outside air stream which exhausts the unwanted moisture. The most popular source of reactivation heat is a natural gas direct fire burner, but it has the potential to be connected to the heat pump as well (Munters Corporation, 2006).

15 15 P a g e Figure 5: Desiccant Dehumidification Technology Humidity is very damaging to a building like ours. From the physical structure to the electrical systems, everything is affected by moisture. Besides, when it s foggy inside, visitors can t see the kids skating. Our desiccants dry out the building with no problem at all; we have no visible moisture anywhere. -Pete Carlson, director of Ice Arena Operations at the Super Rink Blaine, MN. (Center Point Energy, 2002) The Munters desiccant dehumidification system was chosen to be the most optimal technology for the Minden arena due to its exception operating efficiency in northern climates. As well the technology is not new and has been tested and deemed excellent by other larger arenas. Case Study 4: Kentwood Ice Arena (Grand Rapids, Michigan) The Kentwood school system operates a multipurpose sports facility which includes a large ice rink. When the rink was built, operational plans called only for cold-season skating. Over time, it became clear that economics favor year-round operation. Although

16 16 P a g e the refrigeration system must work much harder during warm seasons, the income generated far exceeds the operational cost. However, the excess humidity becomes a larger issue during spring and summer operations because it condenses on the cold ice surface, overloading the refrigeration system and reducing ice quality. A Munters IceAire desiccant-based system was installed to provide improved dehumidification. Desiccant dehumidifiers remove water vapor by absorption rather than by condensation. With this process, air can be dried very deeply. Cooling systems condense water, so they freeze when air is too cold. Desiccant absorption removes more moisture from cool air, because the absorption process is not limited by the freezing point of water. The moisture is removed in the vapor phase eliminating frozen coils and overflowing drain pans. Because the IceAire desiccant system removes moisture very efficiently at low humidity levels, it costs less to run. Even at peak summer design conditions, the IceAire system supplies air to the arena drier than if the temperature outside were 0 F. This exceptionally dry air allows the system to hold the arena at a condition of 40% rh all year long. The installation resulted in an annual savings of $25,000 with a high-quality ice surface, fresh air without humidity, fast recovery from resurfacing, no fog, reduced maintenance costs, and overall improved comfort for spectators (Munters Corporation, 2004). RETscreen: RETscreen Clean Energy Project Analysis Software (RETScreen) is a Microsoft Excel-based free software prefeasibility analysis for energy projects. It is a decision-support and capacity building tool. RETscreen includes renewable energy installations and the means to assess a wide range of energy efficiency options such as, life-cycle costs and greenhouse gas emission reductions for various types of energy efficient and renewable options. It takes into consideration climate, product and cost databases. For this project we were able to take utilize RETscreen s energy efficient arena project model. We were able to obtain data on our visit to the S.G. Nesbitt Arena where we received dimensions for the ice rink length/width, operating season, rink ceiling height, ice temperature, humidity, ceiling type, as well as many more additional dimensions that are attached in the appendix of this

17 17 P a g e report, and input them into the project model. From this, we were able to compare the present refrigeration system to that of a proposed model with greater energy efficiency. This model specifically takes into consideration the shift of the refrigeration being run by propane to HFC-404A. The project also took into consideration the ice temperature control, currently the ice control is constant, however, the proposed project would have a nighttemperature set up. It must be noted that all values used were approximate. We based the project over a twenty year life span; the financial parameters include a five percent fuel escalation and an inflation rate of three percent. The total initial cost of the project would be approximately $312, 640, with total annual costs totaling $71, 394. Simple payback for this project is estimated at three and a half years. Annual savings and income on fuel is approximately $161, 340. The current state of the arena has estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 502 tonnes of carbon dioxide, the proposed case estimates GHG to be 361 tonnes of carbon dioxide, a reduction of 141 tonnes of carbon dioxide. This is equivalent to 293 barrels of crude oil not being consumed. Conclusion: The intent of this report is to provide options for a new heating and cooling system that will be energy efficient and meet future needs of the growing community. Four energy systems have been researched and considered for this project: geothermal energy technology, off-peak cooling and desiccant dehumidification technology. In addition, a prefeasibility analysis has been included with this report for your consideration. Thank you for giving us the opportunity to contribute to the community of Minden. We hope we provided you with an optimal amount of information in order for you to make the best decision for the future of the arena. Please feel free to contact us with any questions or comments, we are more than happy to hear from you.

18 18 P a g e References BC Hydro Ice Box Arena Geoexchange System [online]. Available from ce_box_arena.html [cited 02/05/2011] Bryson, M Conventional Ice Rink Refrigeration versus Geothermal Ice Rink Systems. Recreation Facilities Association of British Columbia [online]. Available from [cited 02/03/2011] Center Point Energy Engine-driven chiller/desiccant units [online]. Available from wan%20ice%20rink%20engine%20chiller%20centerpoint.pdf [cited 02/06/2011] Dilk, W. Energy Recycling Ice Rink refridgeration System. Cimco Refrigeration Div. of Toromont Industries Ltd [online]. Available from Dow-Centennial-Centre-Case-Study.pdf [ cited 02/05/2011] Enbridge Gas Distribution Inc Desiccant Dehumidification[online]. Available from CommunityPage&parentid=1&mode=2&in_hi_userid=2&cached=true [cited 02/03/2011] Ice Kube Systems. Riverview Curling Club [online]. Available from asp [cited 02/03/2011]

19 19 P a g e Ice Kube Systems. Thermal Ice Storage [online]. Available from sp [cited 02/04/2011] Innovative Cooling Technologies of Canada Off-Peak Cooling [online]. Available from [cited 02/04/2011] Lapointe Architects The Fifth Town Artisan Cheese Factory [online]. Available from [cited 02/04/2011] Munters Corporation Munters is the NHL preffered supplier of dessicant dehumidification systems [online]. Available from Arenas.pdf [cited 02/05/2011] Munters Corporation Year-round humidity control for ice rinks: Kentwood Ice Arena, Grand Rapids, Michigan [online]. Available from %20Kentwood%20Ice%20Arena.pdf [cited 02/04/2011] Williams, J Press Release: Congressional and Administrative Officials tour Off-Peak cooling installation in Manhattan [online]. Available from Officials%20Tour%20Off- Peak%20Cooling%20Installation%20in%20Manhattan.htm [cited 02/04/2011]

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21 RETScreen Energy Model - Arena (hockey & skating) project Facility characteristics Unit % Dimensions Ice rink length m 55 Ice rink width m 24 Number of ice rinks 1 Total ice rink(s) area m² 1, % Spectator area m² % Administrative area m² 2, % Dressing room area m² 1, % Unconditioned area m² % Total building floor area m² 5, % Ice rink ceiling height m 6.0 Other area ceiling height m 2.3 Operating schedule Operating season - start mmm-dd May 20 Operating season - end mmm-dd May 15 Operating hours per day - weekday h/d 6 Operating hours per day - weekend h/d 8 Peak number of spectators % Average number of spectators % Number of ice resurfacings per week 45 # of resurfacing exceeds the maximum allowed Energy efficiency measures Unit Base case Proposed case Incremental cost (credit) Copy base to proposed See Energy consumption graph Building envelope Exterior walls insulation level Low Medium $ - RSI-value of exterior walls m² - ºC/W Roof insulation level Low High $ 37,598 RSI-value of roof m² - ºC/W Ceiling type High-e ceiling Low-e aluminised covering $ 35,000 Ceiling emissivity Building controls & ventilation Ice rink design airflow rate L/s/m² Ventilation operating strategy According to the occupancy According to the occupancy $ - 5% 25% Stands temperature operating strategy Heating / No cooling Heating / No cooling $ - Stands temperature C Stands & ice rink relative humidity % 60% 60% $ - Domestic hot water Number of showers per week Miscellaneous hot water use L/d $ - Lighting Ice rink lighting load kw $ - Ice rink lighting load per unit area W/m² Other lighting load kw $ - Other lighting load per unit area W/m² Total lighting load kw Lighting schedule During operating hours During operating hours $ - Hours of lighting per week h/w Ice rink Ice rink secondary fluid circuit 2-pass circuit 2-pass circuit $ - Ice rink secondary fluid flow rate L/s Ice thickness mm Ice temperature C Ice temperature control Constant Night temperature set-up $ - Ice resurfacer hot water use L Ice resurfacer water temperature C Total incremental costs (credits) $ 72,598 Complete Equipment Selection sheet 30/04/2011; Arena Project

22 RETScreen Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Reduction Analysis - Arena (hockey & skating) project Settings - Minden Arena Project - Minden, Ontario GHG Analysis Global warming potential of GHG Potential CDM project 21 tonnes CO2 = 1 tonne CH4 (IPCC 2007) Simplified baseline methods possible Complete Financial Summary sheet 310 tonnes CO2 = 1 tonne N2O (IPCC 2007) Base case electricity system (Baseline) Country - region Canada - Ontario Baseline changes during project life GHG emission factor (excl. T&D) T&D losses GHG emission factor Fuel type tco2/mwh % tco2/mwh All types % Change in GHG emission factor % -10.0% Base case system GHG summary (Baseline) Fuel mix CO2 emission factor CH4 emission factor N2O emission factor Fuel consumption GHG emission factor GHG emission Fuel type % kg/gj kg/gj kg/gj MWh kgco2/kwh tco2 Propane 48.1% Electricity 51.9% 1, Total 100.0% 2, Annual refrigerant leaks Global warming potential Refrigerant type kg kgco2/kg Refrigeration Propane Total 502 Proposed case system GHG summary (Arena (hockey & skating) project) Fuel mix CO2 emission factor CH4 emission factor N2O emission factor Fuel consumption GHG emission factor GHG emission Fuel type % kg/gj kg/gj kg/gj MWh tco2/mwh tco2 Propane 30.9% Electricity 69.1% Total 100.0% 1, Sub-total: 269 Annual refrigerant leaks Global warming potential Refrigerant type kg kgco2/kg Refrigeration HFC-404A , Total 361 GHG emission reduction summary Arena (hockey & skating) project Years of occurrence Gross annual GHG emission reduction Net annual GHG emission reduction Base case GHG emission Proposed case GHG emission GHG credits transaction fee yr tco2 tco2 tco2 % tco2 1 to % 141 Net annual GHG emission reduction 141 tco2 is equivalent to 293 Barrels of crude oil not consumed Complete Financial Summary sheet 30/04/2011; Arena Project