Steam Generator (Boiler) & Steam Turbine. Steam Generator (Boiler) ME 268. Model Lab
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1 Steam Generator (Boiler) ME 268 Model Lab Aashique Alam Rezwan Lecturer Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET, Dhaka ME 268 Aashique Alam Rezwan 1
2 Modern Package boiler ME 268 2
3 Classification of Boiler: 1. Based on containing material in tube Fire tube boiler Water tube boiler 2. Based on working pressure High pressure boiler Low pressure boiler 3. Based on installation Stationary boiler Mobile boiler 4. Based on axis of boiler Horizontal axis boiler Vertical axis boiler ME 268 3
4 Boiler Mountings Mountings are required for proper and safe functioning of the boiler which are generally mounted over the boiler shell. Water Level Indicator Pressure gauge Safety valves Steam stop valve Blow off cock Fusible plug Feed Check valve ME 268 4
5 Boiler Mountings Water Level Indicator The water level indicator is needed to ascertain the water level of a boiler. Two water level indicators should be fitted for each boiler in such a place that the water level can be constantly seen. ME 268 5
6 Pressure Gage Fig.: A Bourdon Tube Pressure Gage A pressure gauge is an instrument by means of which the pressure exerted inside a vessel can be measured. There are two types of pressure gauges, one is Bourdon tube pressure gauge and the other is diaphragm type gauge. ME 268 6
7 Safety Valve The safety valve (pressure relief valve) is used in a boiler to relieve the pressure of steam when it is above the working pressure. Its function is to discharge a portion of the steam from the boiler automatically when the steam pressure exceeds the normal limit. It is mounted on the top of the shell. As per boiler regulation two safety valves are required to be fitted in each boiler. Fig.: A Spring Loaded Safety Valve ME 268 7
8 Steam Stop Valve From Boiler The function of the stop valve or junction valve is to regulate the flow of steam from the boiler to the main steam pipe. To shut off the steam completely when required. ME 268 8
9 Fusible Plug Fig.: A Fusible Plug The function is to extinguish the fire in the event of water level in the boiler shell falling below a certain specified limit ME 268 9
10 Feed check valve The feed check valve is used to control the supply of water to the boiler and to prevent the escaping of water from the boiler when the pump pressure is less or the pump is stopped. It is fitted over the shell slightly below the normal water level of the boiler. ME
11 Boiler Accessories Accessories are used for efficient running of the boiler Superheater Economiser Air preheater Reheater ME
12 Schematic of a Boiler Plant ME
13 Superheater ME
14 Steam Turbine ME 268 Model Lab Aashique Alam Rezwan Lecturer Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET, Dhaka ME 268 Aashique Alam Rezwan 14
15 Steam Turbine A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. ME
16 Classifications Turbines are mainly of two types: Impulse Turbine Reaction Turbine Most steam turbines use a mixture of the reaction and impulse designs. Typically, higher pressure sections are impulse type and lower pressure stages are reaction type. ME
17 ME
18 Impulse Turbine Impulse Steam Turbine stage consists as usual from stator which known as the nozzle and rotor or moving blades Impulse Turbine are characterized by the that most or all enthalpy and hence pressure drop occurs in the nozzle The rotor blades can be recognized by their shape, which is symmetrical and have entrance and exit angles around 20. They are short and have constant cross sections ME
19 Reaction Turbine Reaction effect results from issuing a fluid at very high velocity from a nozzle. This results in a reaction which moves the nozzle in the opposite direction. F = mv Pure reaction happens if the flow is accelerated from zero velocity to its exist velocity in the moving blades. Since this is not the case in turbines, thus there are no pure reaction turbine but it is usually a mix between impulse and reaction. Accordingly the term reaction turbine does not mean a full reaction turbine but a partially impulse and partially reaction. ME
20 Reaction Turbine (contd.) In this type, the drop in pressure takes place in fixed nozzles as well as moving blades. The pressure drop suffered by steam while passing through the moving blades causes a further generation of kinetic energy within these blades, giving rise to reaction which is applied through the rotor to the turbine shaft. The blade passage cross-sectional area is varied (converging type). ME
21 Compounding of Impulse Turbine This is done to reduce the rotational speed of the impulse turbine to practical limits. (A rotor speed of 30,000 rpm is possible, which is pretty high for practical uses.) Compounding is achieved by using more than one set of nozzles, blades, rotors, in a series, keyed to a common shaft; so that either the steam pressure or the jet velocity is absorbed by the turbine in stages. Three main types of compounded impulse turbines are: Pressure compounded velocity compounded and pressure and velocity compounded impulse turbines. ME
22 Pressure Compounded Impulse Turbine Velocity Compounded Impulse Turbine This involves splitting up of the whole pressure drop from the steam chest pressure to the condenser pressure into a series of smaller pressure drops across several stages of impulse turbine. Velocity drop is arranged in many small drops through many moving rows of blades instead of a single row of moving blades. Another type is pressurevelocity compounded impulse turbine ME
23 Velocity Compounded Impulse turbine Pressure Compounded Impulse Turbine ME
24 Pressure-Velocity Compounded Impulse Turbine ME
25 That s All for Today ME 268 Aashique Alam Rezwan 25
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