ASHRAE WILL GIVE YOU THE WORLD. This ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer is brought to you by the Society Chapter Technology Transfer Committee

Transcription

1 ASHRAE WILL GIVE YOU THE WORLD This ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer is brought to you by the Society Chapter Technology Transfer Committee

2 Complete the Distinguished Lecturer Event Summary Critique CTTC needs your feedback to continue to improve the DL Program Distribute the DL Evaluation Form to all attendees Collect at the end of the meeting Compile the attendee rating on the Event Summary Critique Send the completed Event Summary Critique to your CTTC RVC and ASHRAE Headquarters Forms are available at:

3 BECOME A FUTURE LEADER IN ASHRAE WRITE THE NEXT CHAPTER IN YOUR CAREER ASHRAE Members who attend their monthly chapter meetings become leaders and bring information and technology back to their job. YOU ARE NEEDED FOR: Membership Promotion Research Promotion Student Activities Chapter Technology Transfer Technical Committees Find your Place in ASHRAE! Visit

4 Delhi Chapter: Using Radiant Cooling Systems to Maximize Energy Efficiency Devin A. Abellon, PE Business Development Manager Uponor North America September 6, 2013

5 LEED India NC Version 1.0 LEED Topic SUSTAINABLE SITES 13 WATER EFFICIENCY 6 ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE 17 MATERIALS AND RESOURCES 13 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 15 INNOVATION IN DESIGN 5 TOTAL: 69 Possible Points

6 LEED India NC Version 1.0 LEED Topic ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management Credit 5: Measurement & Verification INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring Credit 2: Increased Ventilation Credit 3: Construction IAQ Plan Credit 6.2: Controllability of Systems Thermal Comfort Credit 7: Thermal Comfort Design/Verification INNOVATION IN DESIGN Credit 1: Innovation in Design Possible Points

7 Radiant Cooling High Mass Low Mass Thermally Activated Building System (TABS) Overhead slab or floor slab Thermal mass Larger surface area Moderate temperatures (e.g.,65f, 19C) Suspended or surface-mount Faster response Easier to retrofit Colder temperatures (e.g.,55f, 13C)

8 Radiant Heating Systems Korean Ondol

9 Radiant Heating Systems Korean Ondol

10 Radiant Heating Systems Roman Hypocaust

11 Radiant Cooling Systems

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15 Second Law of Thermodynamics Clausius Statement: Heat generally cannot flow spontaneously from a material at lower temperature to a material at higher temperature.

16 Second Law of Thermodynamics A hydronic radiant cooling system is an installation of embedded tubes or surface mounted panels that are designed to absorb and remove energy from a space A radiant heating or cooling system uses the structure and surfaces of an area to transfer energy In radiant heating systems, the energy moves away from the heated surface towards the cooler area In radiant cooling systems, the energy moves towards the cooled surface from the warmer area

17 Human Comfort

18 Human Comfort ASHRAE Standard 55 Four Six Factors: AIR TEMP AIR MOVEMENT HUMIDITY CLOTHING METABOLISM RADIANT TEMP

19 Radiant Temperature Average Uncontrolled Surface Temperature Area weighted average of the surface temperatures of all uncontrolled surface Mean Radiant Temperature Area weighted average of the AUST and the surface temperature of the controlled surface Operative Temperature Average of the Mean Radiant Temperature and the Air Temperature

20 Radiant Temperature Room Temp. = 78.0 F (25.6 C) Surface Temp. = 66 F (18.9 C) AUST = 78.0 F (25.6 C) MRT = 72.0 F (22.2 C) Operative Temp. = 75.0 F (23.9 C)

21 Solar Gain

22 Solar Gain

23 Solar Gain

24 Solar Gain

25 Radiant Cooling System Advantages Ability to Deal with High Direct Solar Gains Superior Human Comfort Greater Architectural Freedom Reduced Drafts and Noise Energy Efficiency

26 Energy Efficiency 100% peak power LBNL Findings: Chiller 62.5% 37.5% 18.8% 9.3% Fan and motor Load from lights Air transport load 57.7% 1.5% - Pumps 7.5% 9.4% 1.9% Depending on the climate, a radiant cooling system in conjunction with a dedicated outside air system (DOAS) could save between 17% - 42% over the baseline VAV system 34.4% Other loads 34.4% Source: LBNL Conventional HVAC system Radiant cooling HVAC system

27 Energy Efficiency Pacific Northwest National Laboratory A radiant cooling system in conjunction with a dedicated outside air system (DOAS) could save 50% over the baseline ASHRAE HVAC System National Renewable Energy Laboratory / U.S. Department of Energy 50% Energy Savings over ASHRAE 90.1 can achieved using a radiant heating and cooling system American Institute of Architects

28 ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides The 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for : Large Hospitals Medium to Big Box Retail Buildings Small to Medium Office Buildings K-12 School Buildings The 30% Advanced Energy Design Guide for: Small Office Buildings Small Retail Buildings K-12 School Buildings Small Warehouses and Self-Storage Buildings Highway Lodging Small Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities

29 ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides

30 Energy Efficiency Pacific Northwest National Laboratory A radiant cooling system in conjunction with a dedicated outside air system (DOAS) could save 50% over the baseline ASHRAE HVAC System National Renewable Energy Laboratory / U.S. Department of Energy 50% Energy Savings over ASHRAE 90.1 can achieved using a radiant heating and cooling system American Institute of Architects

31 Energy Efficiency Case Studies Suvarnabhumi Bangkok Airport Bangkok, Thailand 30.5% Energy Savings IDeAs Z Squared Design Facility San Jose, California LEED Platinum / Net Zero Western Science Center Hemet, California LEED Platinum Cooper Union New York, New York LEED Platinum NREL Research Support Facility Golden, Colorado LEED Platinum David Brower Center Berkeley, California LEED Platinum Clemson University Lee Hall Clemson, South Carolina 50% Energy Savings Net Zero Energy Manitoba Hydro Place Winnipeg, Manitoba LEED Platinum

32 Energy Efficiency Case Studies ABC Bogen Office Building Hamburg, Germany Sheik Zayed Desert Learning Centre UAE National Library Prague, Czech Republic Museum Bregenz Austria Dvg Bank Building Hamburg Bavaria Insurance Building Germany CityCenter Las Vegas, Nevada Infosys SDB1 Office Building Hyderabad, India

33 SDB1 Office Building

34 SDB1 Office Building

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36 Radiant Cooling Performance Sensible Cooling A radiant cooling system can effectively manage a portion of building s sensible load BTUH/SF (37-44 W/m 2 ) Radiant Floor BTUH/SF ( W/m 2 ) Radiant Ceiling Direct Solar Loads In areas with high direct solar loads, the systems capacity can significantly increase to BTUH/SF ( W/m 2 )

37 Radiant System Capacity How to approximate sensible capacity: Q TOT = h tot A(T R T S ) Nominal Surface Heat Transfer Coefficients, h tot, from Various Surfaces Values reflect both radiant and convective transfer. Floor Wall Ceiling Heating Cooling Heating Cooling Heating Cooling Btu/h ft 2 F W/m 2 K

38 Radiant System Capacity How to approximate sensible capacity: Sensible Capacity Calculation: Calculate total sensible cooling capacity of a radiantly-cooled floor surface given the following room conditions: Room Area: 2,000 square feet (186 sq. meters) Surface Temperature: 66 F (19 C) Room Temperature: 76 F (24.4 C) Q TOT = h tot A(T R T S ) Q TOT = 1.23 Btu/h ft 2 F x 2,000 ft 2 (76 F 66 F ) Q TOT = 24,600 Btu/h Q TOT = 7kW

39 Radiant System Capacity How to approximate sensible capacity: Sensible Capacity Calculation: Calculate total sensible cooling capacity of a radiantly-cooled ceiling surface given the following room conditions: Room Area: 2,000 square feet (186 sq. meters) Surface Temperature: 60 F (15.6 C) Room Temperature: 76 F (24.4 C) Q TOT = h tot A(T R T S ) Q TOT = 1.94 Btu/h ft 2 F x 2,000 ft 2 (76 F 60 F ) Q TOT = 62,080 Btu/h Q TOT = 18kW

40 Radiant Cooling TABS - Typical Parameters Tubing Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) barrier tubing 5/8 (17mm) diameter 6 to 9 (15cm 23cm) on center spacing Typical tubing length per loop (100m- 150m) Surface Temperature Minimum 66 F (19 C) Operating Water Temperatures 55 F to 58 F (12.8 C to 14.4 C) 5 F to 8 F temperature differential

41 Pier 15 Exploratorium

42 Pier 15 Exploratorium

43 Radiant Cooling Ceiling Panels - Typical Parameters Tubing Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) barrier tubing 10x1.5mm 1250mm x 625mm ceiling tile 125mm spacing Surface Temperature Minimum 60 F (15.6 C) Operating Water Temperatures 55 F to 58 F (12.8 C to 14.4 C) 5 F to 8 F temperature differential

44 Radiant Cooling Typical Construction Slab on Grade Flooring Structural Slab PEX Tubing Wire Mesh / Rebar Insulation Compacted Grade

45 Radiant Cooling Typical Construction Suspended Slab Structural Slab PEX Tubing Wire Mesh / Rebar Metal Deck Insulation

46 Radiant Cooling Typical Construction Topping Slab Topping Slab PEX Tubing Wire Mesh Insulation Structural Slab

47 Radiant Cooling Typical Construction Wood Deck Flooring Topping Slab PEX Tubing Wood Deck Insulation

48 Radiant Cooling Typical Ceiling Panel Construction

49 Radiant Cooling Manifolds

50 Radiant Cooling Manifold Locations

51 Zoning Water Temperature Zones Zones with the same central water temperature Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4

52 Zoning Local Temperature Zones Zones with the same central water temperature, with individual control

53 Radiant Cooling Piping Diagrams Mixing with Heating/Cooling Switchover

54 Radiant Cooling Piping Diagrams Local Secondary Injection

55 Uponor Controls Control Points Space Temperature Indoor Relative Humidity Operative Temperature Operating Water Temperatures Slab Temperature Control Valves Circulating Pumps Outdoor Temperature Outdoor Relative Humidity 24vac To Building Network Link Active ON TX RUN RX Ethernet Service Modem ON TX RUN Secondary1 Secondary2 Secondary3 Secondary4 Secondary5 Snowmelt 1 Snowmelt 3 TX RX TX RX FILED MODULES DZCM uponor Router uponor Field Modules Digital Zone Control Modules Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 Mix1 Mix2 Mix3 Mix4 Mix5 Snowmelt 2 Snowmelt 4 Supply Water Controller 24vac CAT5 10 Thermostats per controller OAS 24vac uponor DZCM uponor ZVDC HOT WATER RETURN HOT WATER SUPPLY COLD WATER RETURN COLD WATER SUPPLY DIVERTING GLOBE VALVE GLOBE VALVE / VALVE / CIRCUIT DIVERTING VALVE CIRCUIT SETTER SETTER Supply Temp LOW LOSS HEADER / 3WAY MODULATING DECOUPLER VALVE Return Temp uponor uponor

56 Controls Control Strategies Base load with radiant cooling system and operate as a differential to air setpoint Utilize indoor adaptive rest strategy to optimize target water temperature for maximum effectiveness Continuously monitor indoor relative humidity for condensation control Maintain constant surface temperature

57 Radiant Cooling Condensation Concerns Although radiant cooling has been in successful use in Switzerland for about 15 years, very little, if any progress has been made in its use in America. The reason seems to be that many engineers believe that a radiant cooling system will necessarily carry with it objectionable and injurious condensation of water vapor on the cooling panels F.E. Giesecke, PhD Founder of the Texas A&M University Architecture Program Hot Water Heating and Radiant Heating and Radiant Cooling, 1946

58 Radiant Cooling Condensation Concerns Condensation Surface condensation will occur if the surface temperature drops below the dew point Solution Continuously monitor indoor relative humidity and maintain supply water temperature above dew point at all times

59 Controls Control Strategies TABS Slab Response High thermal mass provides inertia against temperature fluctuations Heat transfer from the thermal mass to the space is instantaneous whenever there is a temperature difference Thermal mass evens out fluctuations in internal temperature Secondary system used to handle high load densities

60 Controls Control Strategies Ceiling Panels Low thermal mass provides rapid response to changing load conditions Heat transfer from the panels to the space is instantaneous whenever there is a temperature difference Secondary system used to handle high load densities

61 Radiant Cooling Summary Benefits Can be used to dramatically reduce overall building energy use Superior Human Comfort Improved architectural freedom Performance BTUH/SF Sensible, up to BTUH/SF with direct solar for radiant floor installations Important Considerations Controlling Indoor Relative Humidity Controls Installation Methods Installation and Life-Cycle Costs

62 Questions?