Optimizing the use of Chilled Beams for health and comfort GUNNAR SVENSSON
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1 Optimizing the use of Chilled Beams for health and comfort GUNNAR SVENSSON
2 Lighting Sound Level Air Quality Cleaning Temperature Layout Maintenence Furniture Security
3
4 How can we reduce the energy consumption? Increase the indoor temperature More effective insulation High performance windows More efficient HVAC system
5 Room temperature 73 F
6 Increase room temperature 2 F more 7% saving 75 F
7 High performance windows
8 Cooling demand Building frame Light 2 pane glazing 0, Btu/h 629 W Shading factor Pilkington grey 0, Btu/h 470 W Pilkington kappa 0, Btu/h 383 W Medium 592 W 443 W 365 W Heavy 549 W 405 W 1112 Btu/h 326 W Choosing the right quality of glass can save lots of money Smaller HVAC installation (Chiller, AHU, Indoor climate products etc) Despite higher initial investment costs very short pay-back period!
9 Thermal storage Floor Walls Ceiling
10 Peak Load vs Running Load Peak Load Btu/h/ft² Running Load Btu/h/ft² Btu/h/ft² Sunlight Lighting Computers People - Sunlight Lighting Computers People BUILDING FRAME Latent energy (fancoils/vrv)
11 Design tools Carrier - HAP Swegon- ProClim -ProSelect Trane -TRACE
12 References Silic Immobilien, Paris Over sqf with Chilled Beams Past design: 40 Btu/h ft² Today s design: 27 Btu/h ft²
13 Cost saving potential Peak load Running load Room unit 100% 60-70% Air handling 100% 100% Piping 100% 60-70% Control system 100% 100% Cooling unit 100% 60-70% Running cost 100% 60-80%
14 To choose a climate system Air/air Air/water Air/refrigerant VAV CAV Ceiling Perimeter VRV Fan-Coils Fan Coils Passive Beams Flat ceiling Beams ActiveBeams Chilled Beams Induction units Induction units Fan-Coils
15 Chilled Beams Passive Beams Exposed Integrated Comfort Module Closed Integrated Exposed Active Beams Closed Integrated Exposed Open Integrated
16 Water 3/4 water pipe 0.82 Ton (1.8 fps Δt 5.4 T) Air 10 air duct 0.82 Ton (17 fps Δt 14.4 T) 16
17 Energy Carriers PROPERTIES WATER AIR Density ρ lbm /ft³ Kg/m³ Spec. heat cp Btu/lbm F kj/kg C
18 History
19 Swegon the inventor of chilled Beam
20 Evolution of Chilled Beams 1 st generation Invented in the late 50 s Ceiling installation for heating/cooling Cooling capacity Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 1$/Btu/h
21 Evolution of Chilled Beams 2 nd generation Invented in the early 70 s Radiant Chilled Beam for heating/cooling Cooling capacity 38 Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 0,54$/Btu/h
22 Evolution of Chilled Beams 3 rd generation Invented in the late 70 s Chilled Beam for heating/cooling and ventilation Cooling capacity 47 Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 0,43 $/Btu/h
23 Evolution of Chilled Beams - 4 th generation Invented 1984 convection Passive Chilled Beam Chilled Beam for cooling Cooling capacity 63 Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 0,29 $/Btu/h
24 Evolution of chilled beams 5 th generation Invented 1987 Induction Active Chilled Beam Chilled Beam for cooling, heating and ventilation Cooling capacity 95 Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 0.22 $/Btu/h ADC from 2000
25 Evolution of chilled beams 6 th generation Invented 2004 Comfort Module Parasol Cooling, heating and ventilation Cooling capacity 95 Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 0.18 $/Btu/h Four way spread
26 Available in two sizes 2 x 2 2 x 4
27 Active Chilled Beams Fresh Air Handling Unit Extract air back to AHU for Heat recovery Duct system from AHU with treated air Active chilled beams duct connected to the AHU
28 Comfort module no moving parts! Nozzles Cooling Coil Treated fresh air Supply air Induced warm room air
29 Function cooling WATER COIL FRESH AIR CIRCULATING WARM ROOM AIR CHILLED DISTRIBUTION AIR
30 Induction 1 Example Comfort Module 2 x4 106 cfm & 0.6 inwg) Cooling capacity water 3400 Btu/h 4 3 1:st induction rate 2,7 2:nd induction rate 1, Treated fresh air 106 cfm-59 F 2. 1st induction 287 cfm-75 F 3. Distribution air outlet 394 cfm-63 F 4. 2:nd induction 394 cfm-75 F 5. Mixed distribution & room air 788 cfm-69 F
31 PARASOL
32 PARASOL
33 Design of Chilled Beams
34 Design criteria Sweden S.Europe Dubai Req.cooling 18-26Btu/h/ft² 26-33Btu/h/ft² 33-40Btu/h/ft² Temperature 77ºF 77ºF 75ºF Fresh air cfm/ person Local regulations ASHRAE 90:1 Recirculation no yes yes Energy recovery yes yes yes
35 Cooling Air Air Quality Temperature 1/3 Water Temperature 2/3
36 Think of Dehumidifying in the FAHU No condensation in the room No need of a drainage system Fresh air duct connected to the Chilled Beams Control of supply water temperature Control of the air leakage into the building
37 Principle of getting controlled cold water to Chilled Beams AHU RH 75ºF Room Temp 75ºF 86ºF 55-57ºF 45ºF 54ºF Chilled Beam 57ºF 63ºF 41ºF 54ºF Chiller Water tank 63ºF
38 Principle of getting controlled cold water to Chilled Beam AHU RH 75ºF Room Temp 75ºF 86ºF 55-57ºF 45ºF 54ºF Chilled Beam 57ºF 63ºF Heat Exchanger 41ºF Chiller Water tank 41ºF 54ºF
39 Humidity Control Central control - Exhaust air sensor Average RH of all rooms 1. Evaporator / condenser 2. Circulation pump 3. Shunt 4. Exhaust air duct 5. Chilled beam
40 room safety control One regulator per room Chilled beam On / off valve
41 Experience of Active Chilled Beams Symmetric load Experience shows that the risk for draught will increase with the combination of asymmetric heat load and high cooling capacity ADC gives the possibility to change air pattern without changing air flows, sound or pressure drop Asymmetric load
42 ADC Change air pattern Developed function 40 to per step
43 Modules in buildings
44 Easy to change Demands: Room sizes Before Furnishing Supply air direction Capacity After
45 VariFlow- change air volume Active Chilled Beam with possibility to change air volume and air pattern Same product for different air flows
46 VariFlow and ADC
47 Chilled Beams vs Fan-coil
48 Fan Coil vs Chilled Beams Air Handling Unit Air Handling Unit F 61 F 43 F 57 F
49 Fan Coil vs Chilled Beam Energy saving Fan coils Chilled Beam Fan No fan
50 Fan Coil vs Chilled Beam Maintenance Fan coils Chilled Beam Fan Filter Drainage No fan No filter No drainage
51 Fan Coil vs Chilled Beam Comfort Fan coils Chilled Beam Fan No fan Secure Fresh Air Flow
52 Space Savings Reduced Floor-to-Floor Heights Smaller ducting allows for lower floor-to-floor heights and less building skin Smaller vertical air chases offer more usable (rentable) floor space
53 Saves ceiling space Height 7.9 Example: 40 storage building 7.9 lower per floor Saving: 25 of Building and facade or Get two more floors extra
54 Chilled Beam installation
55
56 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Projects used CB system in seeking LEED Certification. Chilled beams deliver good occupant comfort, enhance worker level productivity, contribute to indoor environmental quality by supplying acceptable levels of ventilation air, uniform air distribution, space humidity control, and low noise levels.
57 LEED credits Optimize Energy Performance Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation and Design Process Measurment and Verification
58 Case studies
59 Lifecycle of Influence and Cost Development Management Construction Management Facilities Management Construction & Commissioning Design & Specification Contracts, Negotiate Terms / Offering Master planning and Options Appraisal Feasibility Needs Analysis Operation Time
60 Ciner Plaza, Turkey Initial design: Fancoil units Investment costs: $ Expected running & maintenance cost: $ (5 years)
61 Ciner Plaza, Turkey Final approach: Chilled Beams Investment costs: $ Expected running & maintenance cost: $ (5 year) Expected total cost SAVING $ (5year)
62 Norfin, Lisbon, Portugal Initial design: Fancoil units Investment costs: $ Expected running & maintenance cost: $ (5 years)
63 Norfin,Lisbon,Portugal Final approach: Chilled Beams Investment costs: $ Expected running & maintenance cost: $ (5 year) Expected total cost SAVING $ (5year)
64 Constitution Center Bldg Floor area: sqf Comparing: Chilled Beam and VAV Investment: + 10% -+15% Energy use: -10% - -12% Recoup the costs: 2.5 years LEED Gold certification Washington
65 Chilled Beams Systems & Energy Points Based on a HAP 4.4 LEED model in Chicago IL, 140,000 sq ft office building 6 story. Envelope and loads set to meet minimum conditions of ASHRAE
66
67
68 US references
69 US references with Chilled Beams Astra Zeneca Waltham Fletcher Allen Health WYLY Theatre Harvard University Northwestern Univ. Furman University Constitution Center Washington Marywood Univerity Tahoe Center Y2E2 Bldg Stanford Univ. D&L Packard Foundation 250 Wacker St. Chicago Univ. of California, St Cruz MIT Boston Univ. of California, Davis
70 Astra Zeneca Waltham
71 Constitution Center Bldg
72 World wide references
73 Science Tower, Stockholm, Sweden
74 SAS Headquarter Stockholm, Sweden
75 Arup Office London UK
76 BBVA, Madrid, Spain 7600 pcs Comfort Modules
77
78 DKV, Köln, Germany Refurbishment Cooling design: 80 W/m² Active Chilled Beams
79 Tour Ariane Paris 6500 Chilled Beams
80 Volkswagen factory, Dresden
81 Belga Com, Brüssel,Belgium
82 Active Chilled Beams in Abu Dhabi, UAE
83 DIFC LIGHTHOUSE TOWER 65 Floors LEED Platinum Active Chilled Beams
84 King Abdullah University, Jeddah, KSA
85 State Insurance New Zealand
86 Customer System Benefits High comfort level Adjustable air flow pattern No draft constant air flow Low noise Hygiene (no condensation) Reduced maintenance no drain pan no fan no filter High system efficiency Higher chilled water temperatures Suits free cooling applications Less fan blown air required System is perceived as providing excellent comfort with low operating costs.
87
88 Optimizing the use of Chilled Beams for health and comfort THANK YOU GUNNAR SVENSSON
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