Hardware Maintenance. CS 615 Aspects of System Administra7on Majed Almakfi

Transcription

1 Hardware Maintenance CS 615 Aspects of System Administra7on Majed Almakfi 1

2 Outline Maintenance Basics Maintenance Contracts Hardware Handling: Circuit Board Monitor Memory Preven7ve Maintenance Environmental Aspects Power Racks Tools 2

3 Maintenance Basics Providing a healthy, well- maintained environment for computers is as important as ever. Maintenance contract rates are typically 10%- 12% of component s list price per year. What about Log Book? What is the best maintenance scheme? 3

4 Maintenance Contracts On- site Maintenance Board swap Maintenance 4

5 Hardware Handling When maintaining, repairing or upgrading your PC, think about 5

6 Hardware Handling: Circuit Boards Should be handled gently. Sensi7ve to sta7c electricity 6

7 Hardware Handling: Monitor Monitors owen use internal charges of tens of thousands of volts that can be persist long awer the power disconnected. High risk of electric shock. 7

8 Hardware Handling: Memory Memory is more sensi7ve than anything else to sta7c electricity. The connector that s used is varies. Use appropriate tool 8

9 Preventive Maintenance Some pieces of hardware have filters that must regularly cleaned or changed. Blow dust out of all equipments. Check CPU fan for noise or other problems. Does the Power supply, CPU, Hard drives, or any other components feel too hot? Anything with moving parts may need lubrica7on. 9

10 Environmental Aspects As humans, computers work be_er and longer if they re happy in their environment. Although they don t care much about having a window with nice view, you do need to pay a_en7on to other aspects of their home. 10

11 Environmental Aspects: Temperature Commercial- Grade chips have an opera7onal range up to about 120 F. More than 160 F (71 C), they break. 80 F (27 C) in the computer room means 120 F(49 C) inside machine. What is the ideal opera7ng temperature of computer room? 11

12 Environmental Aspects: Humidity Low Humidity High Humidity What is the ideal opera7ng humidity of computer room? 12

13 Environmental Aspects: Cooling BTUH is stand for Bri7sh Thermal Unit Per Hour which is amount of heat that produced by an object. Example: 25 Servers 6 fixtures (4 fluorescent tubes in each) 4 operators Roof, walls, and windows How we calculate how much the cooling required? 13

14 Environmental Aspects: Cooling (Cont.) Servers (25 Servers) X (450 wa_s) X (3.412 BTUH) = 38,385 BTUH Light Fixtures (6 fixtures) X (160 wa_s) X (3.412 BTUH) = 3,276 BTUH Operators (4 humans) X (300 BTUH) = 1,200 BTUH Roof, Walls, and Windows (Done by HVAC) = 20,000 BTUH The total heat load = BTUH Conver7ng to Ton: (62,681 BTUH) / (12000 BTUH) X (1.5) = 7.86 tons 14

15 Environmental Aspects: Cooling (Cont.) What about the huge data center? 15

16 Environmental Aspects: Water Cooling Modular Water Cooling System: used within a fully sealed cabinet and is mounted at the bo_om of the rack. 16

17 Environmental Aspects: Water Cooling Door Units: A door unit replaces a standard server rack door with a door that contains sealed tubes filled with cooled water. 17

18 Environmental Aspects: Water Cooling Heat Exchanges for Hot Spots: Heat exchangers are fed with cooled water that circulate cool air directly over hot spots that use the same cooling system as a Computer Room Air Condi7oners (CRAC) unit in the data center. 18

19 Environmental Aspects: Water Cooling Mountable Liquid Cooling Devices: This solu7on works at the CPU or device level. A sealed plate that is on top of the CPU has coolant running through it provides cooling to the CPU. 19

20 Environmental Aspects: Air Cooling Chiller: The chiller produces cooled water by a refrigera7on process and delivers water to the computer room air handler. 20

21 Environmental Aspects: Air Cooling Computer Room Air Handler (CRAH): The air handler is installed at the data center floor and is connected to the outside chiller unit. This system pushes air through the data center with a fan system. 21

22 Environmental Aspects: Air Cooling Humidifier: The humidifier is usually installed with the CRAC / CRAH system. The humidifier will replace water loss before air leaves the A/C. 22

23 Environmental Aspects: Air Cooling Air Condi7oners: Also called (CRAC) Computer Room Air Condi7oners are usually installed at the floor of a data center and connected to an outside condensing unit. Air is pushed through the data center with a fan system. 23

24 What is the Best Cooling System? 24

25 Environmental Aspects: Facebook Evapora7ve cooling system: This system evaporates water to cool the incoming air, as opposed to tradi7onal chiller systems that require more energy intensive equipment. This process is highly energy efficient and minimizes water consump7on by using outside air. Airside economizer: The facility will be cooled by simply bringing in colder air from the outside. This feature will operate for between 60 percent and 70 percent of the year. The remainder of the year requires the use of the evapora7ve cooling system to meet temperature and humidity requirements. Re- use of server heat: A por7on of the excess heat created by the computer servers will be captured and used to heat office space in the facility during the colder months. 25

26 Environmental Aspects: Yahoo Each 120- foot by 60- foot Yahoo Compu7ng Coop module has louvers along the side of the building that allow fresh air to enter into the data center. In the equipment area, the fresh air enters the front of the servers, and then exits into a contained hot aisle, which is topped by a chimney that leads into the upper chamber of the coop. The Lockport data center will operate without chillers. The facility will use an evapora7ve cooling system during some days in summer when it is too warm to use fresh air. The buildings were posi7oned on the Lockport property to allow Yahoo to bring in cool air from either side of the coop, based on the prevailing winds. 26

27 Power 13% of the electrical power consumed in US to run computers. Use UPS in server room. Why? Remote Monitoring!! 27

28 Racks Used to store equipments All cables terminated on Rack What is the best overhead track system? 28

29 Tools A well- oupi_ed system administrator is an effec7ve system Administrator. What kind of tools? 29

30 Tools: General Tools 30

31 Tools: General Tools (Cont.) 31

32 Tools: Computer Related Tools 32

33 Tools: Computer Related Tools (Cont.) 33

34 Tools: Miscellaneous Tools 34

35 Questions?? 35

36 References Unix System Administra7on Handbook,3rd Edi7on,Nemeth et al: Chap. 24 h_p:// h_p:// talk/techie- talk- hardware/94- safely- handling- your- pc- components h_ps:// 2010/09/20/inside- the- yahoo- compu7ng- coop/ h_ps:// post= h_p://networkmonitorsowware.net/data- center- cooling 36