Urban Stormwater Management. Rebecca Leonardson Rui Teles Brooke Ray Smith

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1 Urban Stormwater Management Rebecca Leonardson Rui Teles Brooke Ray Smith

2 Introduction Stormwater in Portugal Why urban stormwater is currently a problem What is green stormwater management? Why it is important Policy Framework for Decisionmakers Site suitability analysis Hydrologic analysis Implementation Recommendations Case Studies Bombarral downtown revitalization Vilar hillside hamlet growth

3 Existing Problems Flooding November 2006 River Pollution Street oil/trash runoff Sewage Discharges New Developments Bombarral More runoff Downstream impacts Vilar

4 Opportunity sites...

5 Definition: What is Green Stormwater Management? Non-mechanized stormwater collection, conveyance, detention, treatment Benefits: Reduces flood risk Reduces pollution of streams and water supply Creates habitat and enhances ecosystem function Improves landscape beauty of a town

6 Types and Purposes of Green Stormwater Management Rainwater collection Detention Conveyance Infiltration Treatment Re-use

7 Examples of Green Stormwater Management Green walls, Green roofs for water collection

8 Examples of Green Stormwater Management Source: Cisterns for water collection & storage CBF Merrill Environmental Center, Annapolis, MD Source: Landscape Architecture Cistern Detail

9 Examples of Green Stormwater Management Rainwater & greywater creative re-use Bombarral example here 10th at Hoyt Courtyard, Portland, OR

10 Examples of Green Stormwater Management Swales to channel and convey stormwater Clean Fill Clean Fill Subsurface Collection Contamination Existing Soil Parking Lot, Livermore, CA

11 Examples of Green Stormwater Management Source: City of Portland Planted swaled to infiltrate stormwater Source: City of Portland Swale, Cross Section

12 Examples of Green Stormwater Management Permeable paving for infiltration

13 Examples of Green Stormwater Management Constructed wetlands to reduce pollution into rivers

14 Examples of Green Stormwater Management Tree planters to infiltrate and treat stormwater Source: Landscape Architecture

15 Suitability Analysis Opportunities Underutilized areas (old buildings, vacant land) Existing pervious areas (agriculture, parks) Flood-prone areas (low elevation, in floodway) Constraints Built-out urban core (no infiltration) Steep slopes (no detention/treatment)?

16 Suitability Analysis: Bombarral Aerial

17 Suitability Analysis Topo map, slope map here

18 Suitability Analysis: Bombarral Flood Areas

19 Suitability Analysis: Bombarral Underutilized Areas

20 Suitability Analysis: Bombarral Green / Permeable Areas

21 Bombarral Case Study: Sewer & Stormwater Network

22 Bombarral Case Study: Sewer & Stormwater Outfall Locations

23 Bombarral Case Study: Treatment Opportun- ities

24 Bombarral Case Study: Treatment Opportun- ities

25 Bombarral Case Study: Stormwater & Wastewater Treatment Opportun- ities

26 Stormwater Treatment: Detention & Infiltration Typology Drainage Area: 305,000 m2 Peak Flow (1yr 1hr storm): 0.4 cms Stormwater runoff volume (20yr 24hr storm): 11,721 m3 Existing Basin Size (at 0.45m depth): 1,300 m2 (could detain 100% if 2m deep)

27 Wastewater Treatment: Bank Setback Typology

28 Wastewater Treatment: Urban Typologies

29 Policy Analysis Potential Funding Sources Developer fees - Developer incentives lower taxes Policy Strategies Performance measures for new development

30 Case Study: Bombarral Urban Design Strategy (diagram & calculations) Future Development Strategy (diagram & calculations) Outfall Area Treatment Strategy

31 Case Study: Vilar Urban Design Strategy (diagram & calculations) Future Development Strategy (diagram & calculations)

32 Conclusions

33 Stormwater Strategies Location Bombarral Vilar Existing Stormwater Challenges Flooding - sewer backflow Future Development & Retrofitting Urban runoff water quality Flooding - over AdO pipe capacity Urban runoff water quality Solution Strategies Rainwater reuse (permanent removal): cisterns Reduce peak flow (temporary removal): detention/treatment basins, swales Best Management Practices (BMPs): green roofs, cisterns, swales, performance measures Treatment wetlands Stormwater BMPs: infiltration basins, planted gutters/swales, cisterns Treatment wetlands, infiltration basins

34 Types and Purposes of Green Stormwater Management Type Detention Rainwater collection / Greywater re-use Conveyance Infiltration Treatment Purpose Reduce peak flow into system Reduce municipal water use Reduce volume into system Reduce peak flow into system Improve water quality Reduce volume into system Improve water quality Improve water quality Reduce peak flow into system

35

36

37

38 Backflow prevention

39 Drainage standards for new development (from Seattle) Reduce impervious surfaces to 50% overall Control the 3 yr., and 25 yr, 24 hour storm Retain existing vegetation Protect river by matching the pre development hydrograph Collect, disperse and retain the roof runoff No directly connected impervious areas (either use pervious paving or bioretention)

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