Monitoring Stormwater Control Measures. OWEA Watershed Workshop November 12, 2015 Rob Darner, USGS Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center

Transcription

1 Monitoring Stormwater Control Measures OWEA Watershed Workshop November 12, 2015 Rob Darner, USGS Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center

2 Goals What are stormwater control measures Why monitor The challenges of monitoring Some examples of site installations with monitoring Some results Questions?

3 Stormwater Control Measures (SCM) Green infrastructure & Best Management Practices SCMs are designed to reduce or delay stormwater runoff and improve water quality There is growing interest in GI SCMs; however, there are relatively little high-quality data available on their operational characteristics SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and more The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage Urban Water Journal,

4 Why monitor SCMs? Consent decrees to eliminate/reduce CSOs Grey & Green infrastructure Do they work in different hydrologic settings? Do they work as designed? Does efficiency degrade with time? Large Scale effects

5 The Plan Measure as much of the water budget as possible Determine efficiency of different SCMs by comparing water IN vs. water OUT

6 The Challenges Urban settings everything happens fast Most flows are relatively small (<1cfs) Pipe-flow Local weather conditions Soil conditions Groundwater Multiple types of monitoring at each site

7 Typical construction

8 Omaha, NE Drainage area ~ 1 acre 2,200 sq. ft. bio-retention (rain garden) 1,000 sq. ft. permeable pavers

9 First Monitored Storm: 10/22/2014

10 Griggs Reservoir Rain Garden Franklin Soil & Water Conservation District City of Columbus Rain Garden with an area of 8,500 ft 2 Receives water from ~26 acres 1 ft. of gravel covered by 2 ft. of engineered soil Subsurface drains connected to an overflow

11 Griggs Reservoir Rain Garden Columbus, OH

12 Griggs Reservoir Rain Garden

13 Griggs Reservoir Rain Garden 0 Discharge, cubic feet per second Smoothed Q Peak Detection Box Start Peak End Raw Discharge Disharge Centroid Precip Rain Centroid Precipitation, in inches /27 0:00 7/27 3:00 7/27 6:00 7/27 9:00 7/27 12:00 7/27 15:00 7/27 18:00 7/27 21:00 7/28 0:00 Flow IN

14 Griggs Reservoir Rain Garden Discharge, cubic feet per sencond Smoothed Q Peak Detection Box Start Peak End Raw Discharge Water Quality Sample Disharge Centroid Precip Precipitation, in inches /27 0:00 7/27 3:00 7/27 6:00 7/27 9:00 7/27 12:00 7/27 15:00 7/27 18:00 7/27 21:00 7/28 0:00 Flow OUT

15 Griggs Reservoir Rain Garden 100% Percentage of inflow removed by raingarden 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% % Precipitation depth, in inches Data from non-freezing precipitation events

16 Griggs Reservoir Rain Garden Standpipes were added to the drains Should add more storage capacity in subsurface Monitoring will continue The USGS is assisting FSWCD in collecting representative water quality sample

17 Cleveland, OH Cawrse and Assoc. Pervious pavers on parking lot with underdrains Roof runoff diverted to rain garden with overflow drain

18 Cleveland, OH Cawrse and Assoc Percent Removal Precipitation Depth, in inches

19 Cleveland, OH 100 Cawrse and Assoc Percent removal o o x x x Rain total - March 1 to Oct 31, in inches

20 Cleveland, OH Cawrse and Assoc. USGS SIR Figure 9

21 March 2013 St. Francis Cincinnati, OH September 2013 Stepped RG with an area of ~6,000 ft2 Receives water from parking lot and about 2.2 acres 1 ft. of gravel covered by 2 ft. of engineered soil Subsurface drains connected to an overflow

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23 Upper Rain Garden St. Francis 100% 90% 80% Percentage removed 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% % 10% 0% Precipitation depth, inches

24 Lower Rain Garden St. Francis 100% 90% 80% Percentage removed 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% % 10% 0% Precipitation depth, inches

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27 Slavic Village Urban renewal project Influence of SCMs on water table 5 regional wells Cleveland, OH Influence of SCMs on localized groundwater 15 local wells Each well instrumented with water level sensor (and temperature) Two wells with specific conductance sensor (roadsalt)

28 Slavic Village Additional instrumentation Cleveland, OH Two raingardens instrumented to monitor flow and peak depth and duration of ponding. Two weather stations Topographic survey of area to better define drainage areas. Plans to instrument additional rain gardens as brought online

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31 Reports USGS SIR USGS SIR USGS DS 837 Soil moisture animations Rob Darner