Lahore, Pakistan Climate Gabrielle Rashleigh Marissa Sayers

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Cooling Sky Coverage Range Psychrometric

1 Climate Zone: 1B--Very Hot and Dry -Strongest Winds to the West -Highest Temperatures 110ºF -Lowest Temperatures 50ºF Passive Design Strategies: -Sun Shading of Windows -High Thermal Mass -High Thermal Mass Night Flushed -Direct Evaporative Cooling -Two-Stage Evaporative Cooling -Natural Ventilation Cooling Sky Coverage Range Psychrometric Chart Wind Patterns Temperature Range Solar Chart Climate Gabrielle Rashleigh

Language The official language of Pakistan is Urdu. This is a combination language of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish.

Although Urdu is the official language, most people speak English making it the informal official langauge.

and Hindus. Particularly in the city of Lahore though Hinduism is practiced by about 40% of the population.

During this festival, the gardens are filled with multicolored lights and folk music and dances are performed.

2 Language The official language of Pakistan is Urdu. This is a combination language of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish. This language is the same as Hindi when spoken, but the written form is different. Although Urdu is the official language, most people speak English making it the informal official langauge. Religion 95% of the population in Pakistan are Muslim; however, there are also small groups of Buddhists, Christians, Parsis, and Hindus. Particularly in the city of Lahore though Hinduism is practiced by about 40% of the population. The Hindu Festival of Lights, Diwali, is held in the Shalimar Gardens of Lahore. During this festival, the gardens are filled with multicolored lights and folk music and dances are performed. History Lahore was the cultural capital of the Mogul Empire. The city was known for its glorious palaces, gardens, and mosques. Currently it is still the second largest city in Pakistan and is the capital of the Punjab region of the country. Culture and Religion Gabreille Rashleigh

-The Integrated Master Plan for Lahore, the second largest city in Pakistan, indicates an express need for more sustainable building practices -Programs set forth by the master plan are intentionally

-Among the primary concerns are the untreated disposal of industrial effluents in water bodies, lack of solid waste management, increasing traffic of motor vehicles and mushroom growth of slum as

to invest in its solid waste management. Lacking both controlled and semi controlled waste disposal facility in Lahore. No official recycling system.

3 -The Integrated Master Plan for Lahore, the second largest city in Pakistan, indicates an express need for more sustainable building practices -Programs set forth by the master plan are intentionally general in character to allow for flexibility. -Among the primary concerns are the untreated disposal of industrial effluents in water bodies, lack of solid waste management, increasing traffic of motor vehicles and mushroom growth of slum as well as squatter settlements (Haydar, 311) -Priority given to improvement of water supply, drainage, sewerage, and solid waste management systems (Haydar, 312) -In the past 5 years, Lahore has begun to invest in its solid waste management. Lacking both controlled and semi controlled waste disposal facility in Lahore. No official recycling system. (Masood, 834) -In reaction to the high degree of solar radiation, a study conducted in Lahore calculated the optimal orientation for houses in the area. South-west was indicated as the best orientation for lowering additional heating or cooling. (Arif, 292) -Solar radiation in winter is greatest in the southern orientation -In summer, west orientation receives the most exposure. -While present roofing practices hardly consider climate conditions, the Pakistan Journal of Science has published articles exploring more sustainable and cost effective roofing types. -Limestone and White concrete were proven to be a low cost and highly effective form of roofing insulation. Reflected sun s rays. Local Design Standards Gabrielle Rashleigh Marissa Sayer

Badshahi Mosque Location: Completed: 1673

Formal Qualities: -Exemplary specimen of

palate of red sandstone and white marble

iwans, chatras, pointed arches, and organic

forms Relation to Site: -Oriented towards

surrounding the main prayer hall provides

-Stone may serve as a thermal mass -Pool at

4 Badshahi Mosque Location: Completed: 1673 Patron: Sixth Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb Formal Qualities: -Exemplary specimen of Mughal architecture -Traditional material palate of red sandstone and white marble -Details such as bulbous domes, minarets, iwans, chatras, pointed arches, and organic motifs are all consistent with traditional forms Relation to Site: -Oriented towards Mecca -Mild winters allow for open-air prayer courtyard. However, exposed to the sun in the summer -Walls may mitigate the harsher winds. Openness allows for ventilation -Arcade surrounding the main prayer hall provides shade and ventilation, cooling the interior. -Stone may serve as a thermal mass -Pool at the center of the courtyard provides evaporative cooling. S Main Prayer Hall Solar Cart N Prayer Courtyard Wind Patterns N S Vernacular Architecture: Badshahi Mosque Gabrielle Rashleigh

The New School was designed by SRDW Architects

It was a model school for BEaconhouse to begin

of the building captures the strongest winds

building cooler without use of mechanical

5 The New School was designed by SRDW Architects in It was a model school for BEaconhouse to begin moving towards a more sustianable and enery efficient system. The school is oriented so that the longest side of the building captures the strongest winds that come in from the west and maximizes cross ventilation through the school. There are multiple green roftops that keep the building cooler without use of mechanical systems and these spaces double as outdoor classrooms for the students. There is a center courtyard which acts as a vertical ventilation shaft and each classroom has direct access to this area. Beaconhouse The New School Gabreille Rashleigh

6 Ahmed, K. Effect of Low Cost Roof Insulating Materials on Indoor Temperature of Buildings in Lahore. Pakistan Journal of Science 65.2 (2013). EBSCO Host. Web. 14 Nov Badshahi Mosque. Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation Inc, 1 Nov Web. 13 Nov Arif, S. Orientation and House Plan Configuration for Energy Conservation in Lahore. Pakistan Journal of Science 65.2 (2013): EBSCOhost. Web. Badshahi Masjid. Amazing Things: World Amazing Things Pictures and Information. Amazing Things, 1 Jan Web. 14 Nov BEACONHOUSE TNS (The New School). SRDW. SR Design Works, Web. 13 Nov Culture of Pakistan. Countries and Their Cultures. Web. 11 Nov Climate Consultant Dawood. TNS-Beaconhouse, Phase 5, DHA, Lahore. Info-360, 19 May Web. 13 Nov Google Earth Masood, Maryam. An Assessment of the Current Municipal Solid Waste Management System in. Waste Management & Research 32.9 (2014): Print. Nadeem, O. Consideration of Environmental Impacts in then Integrated Master Plan for Lahore Pakistan Journal of Science 65.3 (2013): EBSCOhost. Web. 13 Nov Pakistan Green Building Council. Pakistan Green Building Council, 1 Jan Web. 14 Nov Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection. University of Texas at Austin, 13 Nov Web. 1 Nov Shalimar Gardens. Shalimar Gardens. Web. 13 Nov Taylor, Alan. Diwali: The Festival of Lights. The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 13 Nov Web. 13 Nov University of Oregon Solar Radiation Monitoring Laboratory. UO Solar Radiation Monitoring Laboratory., 5 Mar Web. 14 Nov Urdu. Project NCSU. Web. 13 Nov Work Cited Gabreille Rashleigh

Art and Culture #2.5 Architecture in Medieval India Mughals Architecture BY CIVIL JOINT.

Art and Culture #2.5 Architecture in Medieval India Mughals Architecture BY CIVIL JOINT Akbar Keen interest in the development of Art and Architecture Principle feature: use of Red sandstone Introduced