High Temperature Optical Fiber Sensor for Atmospheric Reentry

Transcription

1 High Temperature Optical Fiber Sensor for Atmospheric Reentry E. Haddad 1,V. R.V. Kruzelecky 1, K. Tagziria 1, B. Aissa 1,5, Iain McKenzie 2, A. Guelhan 3, J.-M. Muylaert 4, M. Celinkin 5, D. Barba 5 1 MPB Communications Inc., Pointe Claire, Québec, Canada; 2 Optoelectronics Section, European Space Agency (ESA),ESTEC, The Netherlands, 3 DLR, Cologne Germany, 4 Von Karman Institute, Belgium, 5 INRS-EMT, Varennes, Canada International Conference on Space Optics, ICSO 2016 Biarritz, France ; October 2016 Communications Inc. 1

2 Introduction Atmospheric reentry transition is produced at hypersonic velocity Accompanied by a sharp excessive heat load for a few minutes, on the exposed materials, Leading to a temperature increase of more than 1000 C. The need for multi-mission reusable spacecraft US Spacex Falcon series in particular Falcon9 Blue-Origin; NASA X-series IXV (ESA) Japan (Hyflex, Ortex) Recently Chinese program 2

3 Fiber Sensors to monitor the reentry temperature Fiber sensor characteristics Immune to EM I Multisensor /line Work in reflection mode- if broken some sensors may stay functional Need only low electric power Small mass and volume Opto-electronics and data acquisition (Interrogator) in remote location Challenges Fiber line and Sensors functional at 1000C Fast Interrogation module (Interrogator) qualified for reentry 3

4 MPB Heritage: Fiber Sensor Demonstrator on Proba-2 High Temperature Measurements ( Thruster) Temperature measurements with FBG sensor at the thruster top, and a thermocouple at the thruster bottom, during a preheat experiment 4

5 High Temperature Fiber Sensors Rotex and Shefex DLR-ESA 5

6 Intensity (db) Challenge1: FBG sensors for temperature > 750 C Intensity Regeneration at 900C Line y = -44.1x R² = Intensity before Intensity after -36 y = ln(x) R² = Time (hours) HT FBG Regeneration. 6

7 Challenge2: FBG sensors packaging Packaging selection optimal between sensor protection and fast thermal response 7

8 Interrogation module 1. Interrogation FSD (Proba2) 2.4 W 1.3 kg total mass 17x15x12 cm3 <2 Hz acquisition 2. Interrogation Reentry 3.5 W 1.5 kg total mass 20x17x12 cm3 100 Hz acquisition 8

9 Interrogator built for Reentry Optical Telecom satellite communications Power/Data USB interface SD Storage 9

10 Fiber Sensor Validation Test Von Karman Institute Fiber sensor Back of the small square Photograph of (a) the Plasma hitting the center of the probe with the FBG, the second adjacent is the heat flux probe, and (b) Image provided by the IR camera 10

11 Temperature (C ) Comparison of the plasma temperature as measured by the fiber sensors (Burleigh), Thermocouple Pyrometer and IR camera Plasma 7: Ramp up, Plateau and Destructive test > 1 Burleigh wavemeter, IR,Thermocouples and TPyro Temperature Burleigh Tempertaure IR (E=0.56) Temperature pyro corrected Thermocouple (C) Time (s) Fiber broke after 5 minutes without protection 11

12 Second Validation Test in Wind Tunnel DLR-Cologne Picture of the C-SiC with the Fibers and Thermocouples during the Wind Tunnel test at DLR Gas similar to reentry environment at 1000 C with 7.8 Mach number 12

13 Fiber sensors and thermocouples position on the C-SiC tile 13

14 Transient and plateau temperature measured with fiber sensors and Thermocouples 14

15 Integration of the fiber sensors and Interrogator within ROTEX-T structure 15

16 ROTEX-T Experiment Interrogation module After installation on ROTEX-T: Interrogator USB back up data Recovered after ROTEX-T reentry Interrogator USB back up data 16

17 Recovered after reentry Interrogator front Three fibers extension survived with the connectors after reentry USB and memory stick completely functional No measurement of temperature- fiber lines broke during the roll out To launch - 17

18 Conclusions The Fiber Optical Sensor system are convenient to measure the transient reentry temperatures at 100 Hz, Validation in two reentry equivalent plasmas : a) Stationary plasma at VKI plasmatron (1100 C) for five minutes b) DLR wind tunnel at 1000 C and 8 Mach number. The fiber sensor packaging is compatible with the reentry vehicle structures of High temperature metal alloys and ceramics (C/SiC). During ROTEX-T roll out the fibers were broken inside the motor interface (human error very probably), however all the data acquisition and the telemetry performed as expected. SD card memory and USB stick back up both recovered and completely functional. 18