SHAPING A BETTER WORLD. Innovations in Buildings and Fire Safety Provisions Pierre Gaston and Neil Hitchen - Arup Friday 12 th October

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1 SHAPING A BETTER WORLD Innovations in Buildings and Fire Safety Provisions Pierre Gaston and Neil Hitchen - Arup Friday 12 th October

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3 Paper 16 Some selected Papers by Margaret Law What is a fire engineer? Toughness Finally, the fire safety engineer needs a certain toughness and I am referring to intellectual toughness. By this I mean that the engineer must be able to be tested and challenged and deal with matters in a rigorous, analytical, and above all, honest way.

4 Globally, fire causes more than 180,000 deaths annually. This is equal to 5% of all injury related deaths globally. In comparison, war accounts for 2%. Over 95% of deaths and injuries due to fire are in low- and middle-income countries, where death rates are nearly 6 times higher than in high-income countries.

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6 International Association for Fire Safety Science Research in support of fire resilient societies White Paper June 25 th 2018

7 SHAPING A SAFER WORLD Continuing Margaret s legacy

8 All relevant fire design, construction and operation decisions have been considered together and have been integrated into a whole by a well organised team. Prepare Use Total Fire Safety Design Construct Specify

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10 PIR cavity tests Arup and Edinburgh University Rockwool PIR insulation tests

11 Knowingly Total Fire Safety A safe built environment for all

12 New tools in application

13 TORCH-ML

14 Why? What? How? Who? To prevent fire spread, by thermal radiation, between buildings. Limited applicability of the simple methodologies and the specialist knowledge required for the complex methodologies presents a design challenge. Develop a fully verified tool which is based on the fundamental concepts of thermal radiation only, requires the user to have no specialist numerical analysis knowledge and is not difficult to use. Internal collaboration between Arup Fire and Oasys.

15 FRA Tool: EFFECT

16 External Façade Fire Evaluation and Comparison Tool NFPA s online tool based on methodology developed by Arup.

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18 Slides on EFFECT

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20 Research that we apply in our design work

21 Travelling fires

22 Tall Buildings require higher Fire Resistance 22

23 Modern infrastructure: large open plan spaces 23

24 Building design codes assume uniform fires based on historic experience from small areas 24

25 Foad Ashtari NIST Real fires in open plan spaces have been observed to travel 25 2A + P/A Alfonso Correas

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27 a 4 Pancras Square, 2016 (Trenton Fire) Battersea Power Station, 2019 (Buro Happold) View 58, 2016 (Trenton Fire) 40+ iconic UK buildings The Scalpel, 2017 (Arup) Two New Ludgate, 2015 (Arup) Nova Victoria, 2016 (Arup) S2 King s Cross, 2016 (AECOM) Bartlett UCL, 2016 (Buro Happold) One New Ludgate, 2015 (Arup) Kings House, 2017 (Trenton Fire)

28 Travelling fires experiment Warsaw, Poland 28

29 Subjects that require detailed research for application in design

30 Human tenability : toxicity

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32 Fire safe façades

33 Title of slide NFCC Quantifying flammability of facades Matthew Bonner I am using inferential statistics and heat transfer modelling to improve our understanding of flammability in facades. I hope to be able to quantify the relative flammability of a façade, and be able to optimize this against other factors.

34 Title of slide NFCC Understanding Flame Spread over Building Façade Benjamin Khoo I m using computational fluid dynamic to predict flame spread over and under façade elements. I aim to identify how interaction between different elements within the façade system affect the rate of flame spread over building façade.

35 Title of slide NFCC Mechanical Behaviour of Building Facades in Fire - Francesca Lugaresi I will study how external walls and façade systems respond to elevated temperatures, with the aim to identify possible failure mechanisms and improve the current building standards. KWSP building, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, February 2018

36 Fire performance of structural steel cables

37 Goal: to establish a research roadmap for developing a stronger understanding on the fire performance of cables External collaborators: Imperial, York University, Bridon, Redaelli & others

38 Consequences life safety impact

39 Hazards (impacts) NFCC Consequence Timescales Operational continuity impact Flames (Life Safety/ Operation) Smoke (Life Safety/ Operation) Smoke (Damage) Flames (Cosmetic damage) Flames (Structural damage) Hours Days Weeks

40 Arup involvement on cable stayed bridge projects Queensferry Crossing, Scotland M4 Corridor around Newport, Wales George Massey Bridge, Canada

41 Mass timber as a preferred construction material

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43 Macallan Distillery Sky Believe in Better Why timber? Speed of Construction Sustainability Aesthetics + Innovation Technology & Prefabrication Prefabricated CLT

44 The timber design method 3 Key Areas Self extinction of timber Fire severity in timber buildings Critical structural failure modes for modern timber Arup West 18th, New York (12 Storeys, residential)

45 Self extinction of timber Alastair Bartlett Arup CASE PhD Student University of Edinburgh

46 Fire dynamics in timber buildings Dr Rory Hadden Rushbrook Lecturer in Fire Investigation, University of Edinburgh

47 Critical failure modes for mass timber Felix Wiesner, Arup PhD Student University of Edinburgh

48 Timber charring Franz Richter, Arup PhD Student Imperial College

49 Modular construction

50 Modular Construction

51 Lightweight structural protection approach

52 New Materials

53 3D Printed Materials

54 Concrete 3D Printing

55 Safety frameworks under development

56 Gateway review process fire safety

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58 Framework for fire safety in informal settlements

59 Fire causes more than 180,000 deaths annually. This is equal to 5% of all injury related deaths globally. In comparison, war accounts for 2%. Over 95% of deaths and injuries due to fire are in low- and middle-income countries, where death rates are nearly 6 times higher than in high-income countries.

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63 The disrupting influence

64 Digital technology in fire safety

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66 Key drivers Solutions

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69 Change is all around us - our challenge is to respond creatively to the contemporary challenges of rapid urbanisation, health and well-being and climate change.

70 SHAPING A BETTER WORLD Thank you & questions