LIGHTING APPLICATIONS - TUNNEL LIGHTING IRISH STANDARD I.S. CR 14380: Price Code. Údarás um Chaighdeáin Náisiúnta na héireann

Transcription

1 IRISH STANDARD I.S. CR 14380:2003 ICS National Standards Authority of Ireland Dublin 9 Ireland Tel: (01) Tel: (01) LIGHTING APPLICATIONS - TUNNEL LIGHTING NSAI 2003 Údarás um Chaighdeáin Náisiúnta na héireann This Irish Standard was published under the authority of the National Standards Authority of Ireland and comes into effect on: August 29, 2003 NO COPYING WITHOUT NSAI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Price Code R

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3 CEN REPORT RAPPORT CEN CEN BERICHT CR April 2003 ICS English version Lighting applications - Tunnel lighting This CEN Report was approved by CEN on 10 November It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 169. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. B-1050 Brussels Ref. No. CR 14380:2003 E

4 CR 14380:2003 (E) CONTENTS 0 Introduction Scope References Definitions Tunnel related zones 3.2 Lighting 3.3 Luminances, illuminances 3.4 Traffic related concepts 4 General aspects of tunnel lighting Tunnel conditions Stopping Distance Tunnel Lighting Requirements Traffic composition Road and Tunnel conditions 4.2 Distinction between long and short tunnels 4.3 Lighting systems and contrast rendition methods Artificial lighting systems Screened daylight systems 4.4 Aspects common to the various design methods Flicker Glare restriction Lighting control Maintenance 5 Lighting of long tunnels Artificial lighting of short tunnels and underpasses Emergency lighting Traffic signals Measurement of tunnel lighting installations Quality numbers for tunnel lighting installations 9.2 Measuring fields 9.3 Instruments and methods General Illumination measurements Luminance measurements with spot-luminancemeter Reflection measurements 2

5 CR 14380:2003 (E) ANNEXE A1 L20 METHODOLOGY A.1.1 A.1.2 A.1.3 A.1.4 A.1.5 A.1.6 A.1.7 A.1.8 A.1.9 A.1.10 Luminance level in the threshold zone Length of the threshold zone Lighting requirements for the transition zone Lighting of the interior zone Lighting of the walls Uniformity of the road surface luminance Lighting of the exit zone Night time lighting Glare and flicker Determination of the luminance in the access zone A Approximation of L20 A Determination of L20 ANNEXE A2 TRAFFIC WEIGHTED L20 METHOD A.2.1 A.2.2 A.2.3 A.2.4 A.2.5 A.2.6 A.2.7 A.2.8 A.2.9 A.2.10 The determination of the tunnel class The lighting of the threshold zone of long tunnels The length of the threshold and transition zone The road surface luminance of the interior zone The exit zone Non-uniformity of the luminance The lighting of the tunnel walls Glare restriction Restriction of the flicker Night-time lighting ANNEXE A3 VEILING LUMINANCE METHOD AS USED IN THE NETHERLANDS A.3.1 A.3.2 A.3.3 A.3.4 A.3.5 A.3.6 Introduction The determination of the required contrast in the threshold zone of a long tunnel The veiling luminance Lv A The determination of the veiling luminance Lv A The determination of Lseq A The determination of Latm A The determination of Lwinds The determination of the threshold zone luminance Object and road luminance A No daylight influence A The influence of daylight falling into the tunnel at the tunnel entrance Further tunnel lighting design aspects A The threshold zone A The lighting of the transition zone A The lighting of the interior zone and the exit zone of long tunnels A Glare restriction A Restriction of the flicker ANNEXE A4 THE SPACE AND ADAPTATION METHOD AS USED IN France

6 CR 14380:2003 (E) A.4.1 A.4.2 A.4.3 A.4.4 A.4.5 A.4.6 A.4.7 A.4.8 A.4.9 A.4.10 A.4.11 A.4.12 A.4.13 A.4.14 A.4.15 A.4.16 The principle of the method The luminaire adaptation The space adaptation The time adaptation Characterising the lighting installation Calculating road luminance Algorithm of LCR calculations Calculation details for one 10 meters step for a rather simple case Calculating illuminance levels The results Road surface luminance of the interior zone at day-time Night-time lighting Lighting of the walls of the interior zone Emergency guidance lighting Fire emergency guidance lighting Uniformity of the road surface luminance ANNEXE A5 DETERMINATION OF THE NEED FOR DAYTIME LIGHTING OF SHORT TUNNELS 54 A.5.1 A.5.2 A.5.3 A.5.4 A.5.5 Determination of the look through percentage Using the look through percentage Influencing the look through percentage Daytime lighting of short tunnels A table method for determining the need of artificial daytime lighting 4

7 CR 14380:2003 (E) 0 Introduction The aim of tunnel lighting is to ensure that users, both during the day and by night, can approach, pass through, and exit the tunnel without changing direction or speed with the degree of safety commensurate to that on the approach road. To achieve safe passage through a road tunnel, it is necessary that all users have sufficient information regarding the course of the road ahead, possible obstacles and the presence and actions of other users. Furthermore it is necessary that users,particularly drivers of motor vehicles, have at least an equal sense of security to that experienced on the approach roads. Principal characteristics required to describe the quality of tunnel lighting are: the luminance and illuminance levels of the road surface; the luminance level of the walls up to 2 m in height above the road surface; the uniformity of the luminance distribution on the road and walls; the control of induced glare; the avoidance of critical flicker frequencies. 1 Scope This CEN Technical Report gives guidance on the design of the lighting of road tunnels and underpasses for motorized and mixed traffic. This guidance concerns arrangements, levels and other parameters including daylight, which are related only to traffic safety. Aspects concerning visual comfort should be chosen in agreement with national practice. The guidance in this report may be applied to any tunnel or underpass where the decision to provide lighting has been taken by any authority working within national legislation or other constraints. The report is based on photometric considerations, and all values of luminance and illuminance are maintained values. The main body of the report covers the common aspects of Tunnel Lighting, and the various methods currently in use in Europe are detailed in the annexes. No single method is recommended. 2 References This Technical reports incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed in appendix. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this Technical Report only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. Not applicable 3 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the definitions of pren12665 and pren13201 and the following apply. The definitions of zones in a tunnel are based on lighting considerations and not on aspects of installation technique or on civil engineering. The lighting terms are in agreement with the CIE Publications. 5

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