Operations, contents etc: Managing Director of Kent Union. Locke Building, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7UG

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1 COVER SHEET in accordance with Publicly Available Standard PAS 79:2007 (British Standards Institute): Fire Risk Assessment - Guidance and a recommended methodology (with extensive additions) Employer or other Responsible Person: Address of Property: Person(s) Consulted: Assessor: Operations, contents etc: Managing Director of Kent Union Operations, contents etc: relevant senior manager of Blackwells Bookshop * As commercial landlord: Director of Estates (University of Kent) in conjunction with Council & the Vice Chancellor Locke Building, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7UG Various Kent Union, Estates and Blackwells staff Andrew Briggs, MIFSM, MIIRSM Date of Fire Risk Assessment: 30th September to 1st October 2010 Note: various inspections/surveys conducted in the course of this exercise were non-invasive and/or sampling exercises, and therefore not fully conclusive. Date of Previous Fire Risk Assessment: 9th June 2004 Suggested Date for Review: October 2012, or as per UoK SHEU official schedule, or in event of significant change, whichever the soonest Document dated 1st October 2010 Revised 7th October 2010 (additional content regarding lighters, matches and aerosols; 15.1, 15.3 & new action point) Notes regarding scope:- This fire risk assessment covers all contents, operations and management of Kent Union in the building. * This fire risk assessment does not cover the contents, operations or management of Blackwells Bookshop but only the building itself, as rented, in those locations. The main electrical intake/switchgear room was not inspected and should be assessed at the next review. The plant room and lift motor room were inspected.

2 COVER SHEET

3 GENERAL BUILDING DESCRIPTION 1.0 The Building 1.1 Number of floors Approximate floor area: Not reviewed at this time 1.3 Construction Details: Brick & block, & steel framed 1.4 Occupancy: Retail and associated storage and administration 2.0 The Occupants 2.1 Approximate maximum number: Not reviewed at this time 2.2 Maximum number of staff at any one time: Not reviewed at this time 2.3 Maximum number of members of public: Not reviewed at this time (Add more detail by area or room as appropriate) 3.0 Occupants at Special Risk 3.1 Sleeping occupants: Nil 3.2 Occupants with disabilities: No staff at time of assessment; various unidentified customers 3.3 Occupants in remote areas: N/A 3.4 Others: N/A 4.0 Fire Loss Experience 4.1 Fires in past 10 years: Nil (One fire, relatively minor, during construction in 1998) 4.2 Cost of fire losses: N/A

4 GENERAL BUILDING DESCRIPTION 5.0 Other Relevant Information 5.1 Detail: N/A 6.0 Relevant Fire Safety Legislation 6.1 Primary statutory provisions etc: Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, referred Official Guidance & related British Standards/Euro Norms 6.2 Enforced by: Kent Fire & Rescue Service 6.3 Other legislation significant to fire safety Fire Safety (Employees' Capabilities) (England) Regulations 2010 provisions in this building: 6.4 Enforced by: Kent Fire & Rescue Service

5 The following is based on BS 9999 concepts and principles, which may be used in conjunction with official guidance in assessing risks. Categories relevant to the building are highlighted. Assessment of risk is on a "probable" basis, recognising the degree to which this Fire Risk Assessment is based on sampling; undetected risks may exist. Occupant risk categories Risk category Description Comments A Occupants who are awake and Staff familiar with the building B Occupants who are awake and Customers - but very simple layout unless escape to rear is necessary unfamiliar with the building C Occupants who are likely to be asleep: Ci long-term individual occupancy Cii long-term managed occupancy Ciii short-term occupancy D Occupants receiving medical care E Occupants in transit Fire growth rate(s) Category Fire growth rate Typical fire growth parameter, kj/s3 1 Slow Medium Other locations 3 Fast Stockroom and some retail areas 4 Ultra-fast Locations (where specific) & categories Risk profiles: Range A2 to B3 Management level therefore required: 1 1 = fully proactive; optimally staffed, controlled & resourced etc. See BS 9999:2008 section = reliably reactive; compliant with legislation & direct requirements ( 3 = N/A, less than compliant with legislation ) Environmental risks Fire-fighting water runoff to surface and controlled waters, and temporary release of combustion products to atmosphere only; no other environmental impact likely Heritage aspects Building does not have Listed status.

6 Business continuity (University) Business continuity (tenant) Business continuity (tenant dept/location) Negligible effect. Considerable effect. Serious effect.

7 FIRE HAZARDS INDE DETAIL ES NO N/A COMMENTS, CONTROL MEASURES REQUIRED ETC. FURTHER COMMENTS, DETAIL, CLARIFICATION ETC 7.0 Electrical Sources of Ignition Continue insofar as possible to maintain/encourage safe separation distance of ½ metre between appliances and combustible materials in all areas, to ensure that sources of heat do not arise from faulty or overloaded electrical equipment, to ensure that all electrical fuses and circuit breakers etc are of the correct rating and suitable for the purpose, and to switch equipment off at the end of the working day. 7.1 Reasonable measures taken to prevent fires of electrical origin? See Fixed installation periodically inspected and tested? Portable appliance testing carried out? Suitable policy regarding use of personal electrical appliances? Suitable limitation of trailing leads and adaptors? PAT generally fully implemented but some items were seen missed or approximately one year old and requiring testing - should be completed/brought up to date. All staff should be trained to remain vigilant as to test status and condition of appliances. 8.0 Smoking 8.1, 2 Reasonable measures taken to prevent fires as a result of smoking? Prohibited where appropriate? Arrangements for smokers? No evidence of breaches? Provide statutory No Smoking signs at all doorways in regular use as entrances (including rear) where not currently displayed. 9.0 Arson 9.1, 2 Does basic security against arson by outsiders appear reasonable? Absence of fire load available for ignition by outsiders? (Proximity to or presence within building) N See section 13. Measures such as additional CCTV signage would help to increase deterrent effect Portable Heaters & Heating Installations 10.1 Is the use of portable heaters avoided as far as practicable? 10.2 If portable heaters are used: is the use of the more hazardous type (e.g. radiant bar fires or lpg appliances) avoided? Are suitable measures taken to minimize the hazard of ignition of combustible materials? 10.3 Are fixed heating installations subject to regular maintenance? None seen. Ensure that additional appliances are used only where strictly necessary and with management knowledge and control. Portable electrical heaters with open elements, such as fan or radiant heaters, must not be used Cooking 11.1 Are reasonable measures taken to prevent fires as a result of cooking? Is all essential maintenance up to date and recorded? 11.2 Are filters changed and ductwork cleaned regularly? Are suitable extinguishing appliances available? 12.0 Lightning 12.1 Does the building have a lightning protection system? Dry powder extinguisher is provided near to bakery area.

8 FIRE HAZARDS 13.0 Housekeeping 13.1 Is the standard of housekeeping adequate? Except as noted below. Minor general improvements would further decrease fire risks appreciably. Ensure that housekeeping programme continues to include prompt removal of combustible materials and waste Are combustible materials separated from ignition sources? N Cardboard, plastics etc should be removed from around and on top of refigerators/freezers in the Essentials main store, and kept away from electrical panels, lighting etc. so as to maintain safe separation distance of ½ metre between appliances and combustible materials throughout at all times Is there an avoidance of unnecessary accumulation of combustible materials or waste? 13.4 Is there appropriate storage of combustible materials? N Remove timber from foot of Essentials/Extras staircase. Escape routes should be maintained as fire-sterile as possible; this is especially critical in staircases and where there is no alternative direction of escape. N (1) Timber pallets and unsecured wheelie bins containing combustibles must not be placed adjacent to the building. (2) The waste compound (wheelie bins) should be relocated at least 6 metres from the building and secure. (3) The unsold newspaper bunker should preferably be made secure. See also 9.1, Is there avoidance of inappropriate storage of combustible materials? 14.0 Outside Contractor, Building Works and Maintenance Hazards 14.1 Is there satisfactory control over works carried out in the building by maintenance personnel and outside contractors? 14.2, 3 Are adequate fire safety conditions imposed on outside contractors? Except as above. Appropriate control must be administered by local organisation or by Estates. Local organisation should however ensure that contractors are briefed on, and accounted for under, premises Fire Emergency Plan (also that contractors' dangerous substances are known & logged - see 15). As above - implement a permit to work system for contractors who carry out 'hot work' involving processes such as welding, grinding or flame cutting Dangerous Substances 15.1 Have the hazardous properties of dangerous substances been considered? If relevant, has a risk assessment been carried out according to the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002? 15.2 Is there adequate information on safety provided by the supplier on any relevant safety data sheet? Lighters and matches are stored in a locked caged area (tobacco products) of the Essentials store, and are present in small quantities at point of sale. Aerosols, a small minority of which are extremely flammable (hairsprays) are present in a dedicated area of the Essentials store (adjacent to the tobacco cage) and are purchased/delivered frequently so as to minimise storage. See point under 15.3 below. Otherwise minimal in normal running - janitorial etc. (See also 14.1) Continue to ensure that any dangerous substances temporarily introduced (e.g. by contractors) are known and logged, that appropriate controls are in place, and that all relevant information can be made immediately available to the Fire & Rescue Service in the event of an emergency Has account been taken regarding: the special, technical and organisational measures and the substances used and their possible interactions. the amount of the substance involved where the work will involve more than one dangerous substance, the risk presented by such substances in combination

9 FIRE HAZARDS the arrangements for the safe handling, storage and transport of dangerous substances and of waste containing dangerous substances any other measures introduced as a result of the RRO 15.4 Are there safe systems of work for maintenance, where there is the potential for a high level of risk? 15.5 Are sufficient control measures in place to counter the likelihood that an explosive atmosphere will occur and its persistence including adjacent areas? 15.6 Are sufficient control measures in place to counter the likelihood that ignition sources, including electrostatic discharges, will be present and become active and effective 15.7 Has account been taken regarding the scale of the anticipated effects? 15.8 Is sufficient additional safety information available to enable the assessment to be completed? 16.0 Other Significant Risks 16.1 Are there other significant ignition sources N present? 16.2 Are there other significant fuels present? N Consider storing flammable aerosols in a suitable metal cabinet.

10 FIRE PROTECTION INDE DETAIL ES NO N/A COMMENTS, CONTROL MEASURES REQUIRED ETC. FURTHER COMMENTS, DETAIL, CLARIFICATION ETC 17.0 Means of Escape from Fire Management should ensure that all room doors are routinely closed at all times when there is no person present in the room Is it considered that the building is provided with reasonable means of escape in case of fire? 17.2 i Adequate design of escape routes? (Calculate for room and premises occupancy numbers & types, where relevant.) Exits/widths/occupancies not recalculated at this time but, based on previous Fire Risk Assessment and approximate visual confirmation, appear satisfactory or generous. Verification should be planned for next fire risk assessment review i Is a suitable assembly point specified? Assembly point specified for retail (front) areas to be changed to #38 (see 20.1 suppl. (1)); from rear staff areas, Eliot car park (unchanged) ii Adequate provision of exits? (Calculate for room and premises occupancy numbers & types, where relevant.) 17.2 iii Are exits easily and immediately openable where The Essentials store yard gate can be difficult to open and should be necessary? (Alarm-linked features such as repaired/adjusted. (See also further comments.) electronic door release mechanisms to be verified as compliant, functional and suitably failsafe) 17.2 iv Do escape exits open in the direction of escape where necessary? ~ The Essentials store yard gate is limited or does not open outwards, but is tolerable in view of the limited number of staff and their familiarity - see 17.2 iii however. N Verify that Essentials sliding door fails safe (opens) in the event of a power failure or other fault, and is comprehensively maintained v Avoidance of sliding or revolving doors as fire exits where necessary? 17.2 vi Are there satisfactory means for securing exits? Management must robustly ensure that all escape route doors are unlocked/unbolted whenever any person is present on the premises vii Are there reasonable travel distances where there is a single direction of travel? Travel distance in the upper floor office area is near acceptable limits; the need for good fire management/prevention/precautions is therefore enhanced in this area. The outer Essentials store room door is secured (at times) when the premises are open by two turnbuttons - strictly only one such manually operated device is permitted on an escape route door but in view of local occupancy and familiarity this may be tolerable. See also 17.2 vi. Sliding door can be pulled open manually (when not locked) viii Are there reasonable travel distances where there is an alternative means of escape? 17.2 ix Is there suitable protection of escape routes? ~ (1) Fire door between Essentials office and corridor should be prevented from binding on carpet. (2) Some fire doors do not always fully self-close reliably - correction may only involve simple adjustments to mechanisms or smoke seals. Many/most fire doors are fitted with cold smoke seals but not intumescent strips - life protection in the evacuation phase and for earliest stages of intervention by firefighters is therefore provided, but not further firefighter life nor property protection ix suppl Where automatic devices are fitted to designated fire doors, is appropriate automatic fire detection fitted? 17.2 x Suitable fire precautions for all inner rooms? Tolerable for Dorgard unit fitted to fire door separating Essentials store from office corridor - although smoke detection on each side is beyond a downstand beam.

11 FIRE PROTECTION 17.2 xi Are all escape routes unobstructed? N Ensure that all escape routes and gangways are clear at all times, especially including the Essentials bakery area and the main Essentials store/yard (escape from the Essentials bakery area is currently obstructed by the soup kettle) Is the building provided with reasonable arrangements for means of escape for occupants with disabilities? (1) Requirements and provisions/procedures for safe escape of persons with disabilities should be reviewed (see further comments). The full range of potentially relevant disabilities/impairments (including temporary) should be addressed. (2) For certain individuals/disabilities/areas (e.g. stores) a prior assessment of escape possibilities, and therefore accessibility or otherwise, must be made and adhered to (including PEEPs where necessary). The retail facilities would appear to present no particular difficulties in respect of most disabilities, but staff areas and the first floor offices will present greater difficulties. Provision of an Evac Chair or similar at the disabled refuge should be considered Measures to Limit Fire Spread and Development 18.1 i Is it considered that there is compartmentation of a reasonable standard? (Including e.g. firestopping of service penetrations) Lower office corridor: kitchen and meeting room doors could conceivably be dedesignated (i.e. no longer fire doors) since two directions of escape are available - but a better approach would be to fit automatic holdback devices (battery/acoustic type acceptable in this location). (1) The ATM compartment door in Essentials should be upgraded to half hour fire resisting standard. (2) The cleaners' cupboard under the Essentials/Extras staircase should be upgraded to half hour fire resisting standard. (3) The telephone/data cupboard in the Essentials main store should be upgraded to half hour fire resisting standard unless it contains solely data cabling. (4) Cupboard doors adjacent to the L1/L2 lift should be upgraded to half hour fire resisting standard. (5) Fire stopping of service penetrations etc through fire compartment wass was noted as deficient in a number of locations; other and more serious breaches may exist in locations not viewed (e.g. above suspended ceilings); an audit should be conducted and remedial fire stopping etc undertaken throughout. (6) Designated fire doors must not be propped or wedged open at any time (see notes) i Is there potential for fire spread between suppl. compartments through void spaces??? Fire integrity of voids and of the service lift should be established ii Is it considered that there is reasonable limitation The noticeboard at the foot of the Essentials staircase, and a minority of timber of linings that may promote fire spread? surfaces, are tolerable given the relative fire sterility in other respects, the restricted nature of the location and alternative escape directions - but combustibles in this location should not be allowed to proliferate further ii Are escape routes suitably/tolerably fire sterile? suppl As far as can be reasonably ascertained, are fire??? Presence, integrity & maintenance status of appropriate fire resisting barriers dampers provided as necessary to prevent critical means of escape against passage of fire, smoke and combustion products in the early stages of a fire? within any ventilation ducts passing through fire reststing construction throughout the building should be established and actioned as appropriate. The store room door in Unique does not lock but this should be tolerable with good management of the area and its fire door. Note to (4) - fire doors to small store rooms in the retail areas may reasonably be held open for extremely brief periods of time only, with constant staff attention, such as 2 to 3 minutes whilst stock is moved. Where there is an operational need, or where management cannot ensure that these doors remain closed at all times, automatic devices should be considered (subject to specific, competent fire risk assessment and sufficient local smoke detection). Note to (6) - a number of fire doors were seen wedged open in Blackwell's Bookshop Escape Lighting 19.1 Is a reasonable standard of escape lighting provided? 20.0 Fire Safety Signs and Notices Subject to ongoing verification.

12 FIRE PROTECTION 20.1 Does the building have a reasonable standard of fire safety signs and notices? 20.1 Are fire safety signs of appropriate size for suppl. viewing distances? (1) Fire action notices should be amended with revised assembly point (#38 from front of building) and extinguisher advice removed or adjusted. (2) Fit appropriate signs at & towards upper floor disabled refuge. (3) Escape route signage throughout the building of mixed types and should be (a) fitted where required/not yet provided (see further comments), (b) made compliant where not, (c) standardised as to type, and (d) up/down and other inappropriate arrow directions corrected. (4) Provide appropriate signage where not provided at existing or required call points (see 21.1 (1) & (2)). (5) Fit 'fire escape keep clear' signs at all rear outer doorways where not fitted. Notes to (3a): Essentials shop rear door to staircase; Essentials store exit; Essentials office exit (may not be exhaustive - further walkthrough assessment should be conducted. Various store cupboards are not marked "Fire Door Keep Locked" but are routinely kept locked by management; where this management practice is reliable, the absence of such signs is tolerable Means of Giving Warning in Case of Fire 21.1 Is a reasonable manually operated electrical fire alarm system provided? 21.2, 3 Is automatic fire detection provided in building? (Throughout building? Part(s) of building only?) Is the extent of automatic fire detection generally suitable for the occupancy and risk? 21.4 Is there a remote transmission of alarm signal? 21 suppl. Is the fire alarm system audible or perceptible 1 throughout the building? 21 suppl. If unwanted fire alarm signals occur, are they 2 acceptably infrequent? 22.0 Portable Fire Extinguishing Appliances 22.1 Is the provision of portable fire extinguishers reasonable? 22.2 Are hose reels provided? N 22.3 Are all fire extinguishing appliances readily accessible? (1) A break glass call point should be provided (a) at the final exit from the Essentials main office and (b) at the head of the Essentials/Extras rear staircase. (2) The break glass call point at the Essentials entrance is obscured by a new glass panel and must be made immediately available. (3) A diagram showing the locations of system features should be displayed near the fire alarm panel. Effectiveness of AFD in the main Essentials store is in doubt and can be expected to be much delayed due to positioning and multiple downstand beams. N The alarm is reported as insufficiently audible in the cash office (inner room off Essentials office) - an additional sounder should be fitted. Bakery area occasionally activates a smoke detector (even though nearest detector in shop is heat) - slight local ventilation to exterior would assist. N (1) Provide 13A dry powder extinguisher at Essentials office final exit to cover both risk and guidance requirement. (2) Provide 13A extinguisher near Essentials store exit. (3) Consider providing additional 13A extinguisher(s) at far reaches of Essentials store. (4) The CO2 extinguisher in Extras is probably no longer necessary and should preferably be re-sited close to the electrical risks if retained. Smoke detection is present in most but not all spaces. Heat detection is provided where appropriate. Otherwise appears adequate, subject to ongoing verification by Estates that 65dB is attained throughout. Flashing beacons are provided in many locations Automatic Fixed Systems 23.1 Is there a suitable sprinkler or water based system, gaseous local application or total flooding provided that is adequate for the risk present? N 24.0 Other Fixed Systems and Equipment

13 FIRE PROTECTION 24.1 Are there suitable smoke control facilities for the risk present? 24 suppl. Is there suitable provision of a fire-fighters' switch(es) for high voltage luminous discharge tube signs etc? Has suitable notice of these been given to the Fire & Rescue Authority, including switch colouring and marking? N

14 MANAGING FIRE SAFET INDE DETAIL ES NO N/A COMMENTS, CONTROL MEASURES REQUIRED ETC. FURTHER COMMENTS, DETAIL, CLARIFICATION ETC 25.0 Procedures and Arrangements 25.1 Fire safety is managed by: - operations, contents etc, Managing Director of Kent Union - relevant senior manager of Blackwells Bookshop; - as commercial landlord, Director of Estates in conjunction with Council & the Vice Chancellor; - and all associated line management 25.2 Are suitably and sufficiently competent persons appointed to assist in undertaking and ensuring the preventive and protective measures (i.e. relevant general fire precautions)? 25.3, 4 Is there a suitable record of fire safety arrangements? Procedures properly documented? Suitable arrangements for summoning the Fire & Rescue Service, meeting them on arrival and providing relevant information including that relating to hazards to fire-fighters? Suitable arrangements for ensuring that the premises have been evacuated? Suitable fire assemply point(s)? Adequate procedures for evacuation of persons with disabilities? ~ ~ A comprehensive Fire Emergency Plan covering all appropriate procedures, responsibilities and features specific to the building should preferably be compiled. Kent Union Health & Safety Policy and local training manual/records also cover appropriate aspects of fire safety Are persons nominated and trained to use fire extinguishing appliances? 25.6 Are persons nominated and trained to assist with evacuation, including evacuation of persons with disabilities?? Management should consider whether any building staff should be designated and trained in the use of fire fighting equipment. ~ Evacuation arrangements (including safely verifying complete evacuation throughout the premises insofar as practicable) should be reviewed and confirmed or completed. Further training pending (see 26.4). Campus Watch are nominated to use fire extinguishers (completion of training currently pending). In most buildings, it is usually recommended that the majority of staff do not receive fire extinguisher training except for information/instruction on the basic principles of their use. For all persons except those fully trained, fire extinguishers should not be used unless necessary in order to escape Is there appropriate liaison with the Fire & Rescue Service (e.g. any relevant notifications, familiarization visits etc)

15 MANAGING FIRE SAFET 25.8 Is a system of routine in-house, local inspections of fire precautions implemented? The system of local checks and inspections of fire safety features should be expanded to include various aspects not covered (see University guidance and content of training courses). Under BS5306-3:2009, fire extinguishers should be checked at least monthly and the results recorded Training and Drills 26.1 Are all staff given adequate fire safety instruction and training on induction? 26.1 Are all students and/or visitors given adequate fire suppl. safety information and instruction at an appropriate time? 26.2 Are all staff given adequate periodic fire safety refresher instruction and training at suitable intervals? 26.3 Does all staff training (and student/visitor information, as appropriate) provide information, instruction or training on the following: fire risks in the building, fire safety measures, action in the event of fire and on hearing the alarm signal, operation of manual call points, location and use of fire extinguishers, means of summoning the Fire & Rescue Service, identity of persons nominated to assist with evacuation, identity of persons nominated to use fire extinguishing appliances? Signage, and active fire marshalling during evacuations, are sufficient. Continue to repeat basic fire safety information at not less than yearly intervals, and provide full refresher training at not less than 3 yearly intervals. Continue to ensure that staff training includes all necessary information. Induction and refresher training must include the Safety, Health & Environment Unit's "Fire & Safety Awareness" course or equivalent, together with awareness of local risks, precautions and procedures Are staff with special responsibilities (e.g. fire marshals) given additional training? 26.5 Are fire drills carried out at appropriate intervals, and in accordance with official guidance? N It is recommended that more staff receive fire marshal training (including some with particular emphasis on fire safety inspection). Exercises should preferably simulate the conditions of actual fires. See also 28.1 i When the employees or visitors of another employer work or are accommodated in the premises: 26.6 i Is the employer given appropriate information (e.g. on fire risks and general fire precautions)? 26.6 ii Is it ensured that the employees and visitors are provided with adequate instructions and information? (Estates & tenants) (Estates & tenants)

16 MANAGING FIRE SAFET 27.0 Inspection, Testing and Maintenance 27.1 Adequate maintenance and inspection of premises by competent persons? 27.2 Weekly testing and periodic servicing of fire detection and alarm system? 27.3 Monthly and annual testing routines for emergency lighting? 27.4 Annual maintenance of fire extinguishing appliances? It is suggested that condition and suitability of fire doors should be assessed at least every 5 years, and of fire stopping at least every 10 years. Fire extinguishers on the upper floor appear to have been missed at the last service - anomaly corrected under HDWR raised 30/9/ Periodic inspection of external escape staircases and gangways? 27.6 Six-monthly testing and annual inspection of rising mains and/or hydrants? 27.7 Weekly and monthly testing, six monthly inspection and annual testing of evacuation and/or fire-fighting lifts? 27.8 Weekly testing and periodic inspection of sprinkler installations? 27.9 Routine checks of final exit doors and/or security fastening?? Verify or implement suitable maintenance and testing of failsafe operation/battery backup of Essentials sliding entrance door Annual inspection and test of lightning protection systems? Other relevant inspections or tests: (including e.g. Arrangements/requirements regarding inspection & maintenance of ductwork dampers, fire shutters, venting systems, door holdback devices, electronic door release ductwork dampers etc to be confirmed/verified/implemented as appropriate (see 18.2). systems) 28.0 Records 28.1 Are appropriate records kept for: 28.1 i Fire drills? N Provide and maintain records of fire drills ii Fire training? 28.1 iii Fire alarm tests? 28.1 iv Emergency escape lighting tests? 28.1 v Maintenance and testing of other fire protection systems? 29.0 oung Persons

17 MANAGING FIRE SAFET Have the following matters been taken into particular account in risk assessment in respect 29.1 of young persons: the inexperience, lack of awareness of risks and 29.2 immaturity of young persons 29.3 the fitting-out and layout of the premises the nature, degree and duration of exposure to 29.4 physical and chemical agents the form, range, and use of work equipment and 29.5 the way in which it is handled; 29.6 the organisation of processes and activities the extent of the safety training provided or to be 29.7 provided to young persons risks from agents, processes and work listed in the Annex to Council Directive 94/33/EC on the 29.8 protection of young people at work Applies to a small minority of customers in retail outlets only Behavioural Aspects Is there evidence from previous fire drills and other emergencies indicating that some occupants may be unaware, unwilling or fail to 30.1 evacuate? (Aside from disability-related) Is there evidence of disregard of fire safety provisions amongst building occupancy and/or 30.2 management? Is there evidence of significant human 30.3 interference with fire safety provisions? N N N Apart from typical reluctance of some students - adequately covered by fire marshalling arrangements.

18 INDE DETAIL DESCRIPTION 31.0 Fire Strategy - building design/layout 31.1 The retail premises themselves are divided into individual fire compartments. The bookshop, and Essentials and Extras jointly, are each provided with a protected staircase to the rear. Separate fire compartments exist on the rear ground floor, housing storage and office accommodation (with the foor of the Essentials/Extras staircase providing a protected alternative escape route) and the bookshop store with offices adjoining The evacuation strategy is simultaneous and immediate for the entire building and all occupants except those tasked briefly with coordinating the evacuation The building is well provided with access routes for firefighting by the Fire & Rescue Service. Fire hydrants are available at the east end of the Mandela building, between the Jarman and Marlowe buildings, at the junction of University Road and Giles Lane, and near the south corner of Eliot College Fire Strategy - systems 32.1 The fire alarm system provides for manual operation and/or automatic detection in order to give sufficiently early warning of fire to all occupants. A small number of alarm-linked devices (automatic fire door; magnetic door lock) support the safe use of escape routes by occupants and the tenable use of escape routes by firefighters It is unclear whether the ventilation system is linked to the fire alarm system. This should be verified Fire Strategy - particular risks 33.1 Some areas of the building contain considerable quantities of paper-based material (whether products or packaging) consituting a relatively high fire load. No other ususual or enhanced risks exist except as detailed elsewhere in this fire risk assessment and subject to correction or improvements resulting Various persons with disabilities may be present at any time. Some of these must be regarded as potentially at significant enhanced risk due to their inability to perceive or respond to the alarm signal, or inability to self-evacuate. Standard University procedures, supplemented by local measures, are in place to plan and facilitate their safe evacuation.

19 This simple risk level estimator is based on a more general health and safety risk level estimator in BS Assessment of risk is on a "probable" basis, recognising the degree to which this Fire Risk Assessment is based on sampling; undetected risks may exist. Potential consequences of fire Slight harm Moderate harm Extreme harm Fire hazard Low Trivial OR tolerable risk * Tolerable risk Moderate risk Medium Tolerable risk Moderate risk Substantial risk High Moderate risk Substantial risk Intolerable risk * at discretion of Fire Risk Assessor Taking into account the fire prevention measures observed at the time of this risk assessment, it is considered that the hazard from fire (probability of ignition) at this building is: Low / highly unlikely Medium / unlikely - following completion of recommendations of this fire risk assessment High / likely Taking into account the nature of the building and the occupants, as well as the fire protection and procedural arrangements observed at the time of this risk assessment, it is considered that the consequences for life safety in the event of fire would be: Slight harm - following completion of recommendations of this fire risk assessment Moderate harm Extreme harm In this context, a definition of the above terms is as follows: Slight harm: Moderate harm: Outbreak of fire unlikely to result in serious injury or death of any occupant (other than an occupant sleeping in a bedroom in which a fire occurs). Outbreak of fire could result in injury of one or more occupants, but it is unlikely to involve multiple

20 Extreme harm: fatalities. Significant potential for serious injury or death of one or more occupants. Accordingly, it is considered that the risk to life from fire at this building is: Trivial Tolerable - following completion of recommendations of this fire risk assessment Moderate Substantial Intolerable A suitable risk-based control plan should involve effort and urgency that is proportional to risk. The following risk-based control plan is based on one advocated by BS 8800 for general health and safety risks: Trivial Tolerable Moderate Risk Level Action and Timescale No action is required and no additional detailed records need be kept. No major additional controls required. However, there may be a need for consideration of improvements that involve minor or limited cost, and various corrective actions may be required. It is essential that efforts are made to reduce the risk. Risk reduction measures should be implemented within a defined time period. Where moderate risk is associated with consequences that constitute extreme harm, further assessment may be required to establish more precisely the likelihood of harm as a basis for determining the priority for improved control measures. Substantial Considerable resources may have to be allocated to reduce the risk. If the building is unoccupied, it should not be occupied until the risk has been reduced. If the building is occupied, urgent action should be taken.

21 Intolerable Building (or relevant area) should not be occupied until the risk is reduced. Any significant change, occurrence, finding or development should be reported immediately to the University s Safety, Health & Environment Unit so that mitigating action can be taken and this Fire Risk Assessment reviewed and updated. Important note: this assessment of risk is made on a probable or 'best endeavour' basis, since this report is based on a sampling exercise. It is possible that greater risks remain undetected in areas or aspects that have not yet been accessed or addressed.

22 ACTION PLAN ORGANISATION: University of Kent & Kent Union ASSESSOR: Andrew Briggs BUILDING: Locke DATE: 7th October 2010 ACTION PLAN It is considered that the following recommendations should be implemented in order to reduce fire risk to, or maintain it at, the following level: TOLERABLE Note - only acute/remedial/salient/particular items appear below. Various standard/general requirements have not been carried forward to the Action Plan, but are nevertheless necessary - see previous worksheets. REFERENCE ACTION REQUIRED TO ELIMINATE OR CONTROL SIGNIFICANT HAZARDS PRIORIT * RESPONSIBILIT TARGET DATE COMPLETE See also Further Comments/Detail/Clarification etc. in previous worksheets, where relevant or carried forward to: ( = Estates spreadsheet) 7.0 Electrical Sources of Ignition 7.2 PAT generally fully implemented but some items were seen missed or approximately one year old and requiring testing - should be completed/brought up to date. 8.0 Smoking 8.1, 2 Provide statutory No Smoking signs at all doorways in regular use as entrances (including rear) where not currently displayed. 2A/B Kent Union Short to medium term 2A/B Kent Union Short term 13.0 Housekeeping 13.2 Cardboard, plastics etc should be removed from around and on top of refigerators/freezers in the Essentials main store, and kept away from electrical panels, lighting etc. so as to maintain safe separation distance of ½ metre between appliances and combustible materials throughout at all times. 2A/B Kent Union Immediate & ongoing 13.3 Remove timber from foot of Essentials/Extras staircase. 2A/B Kent Union Immediate 13.4 (1) Timber pallets and unsecured wheelie bins containing combustibles must not be placed adjacent to the building. (2) The waste compound (wheelie bins) should be relocated at least 6 metres from the building and secure. (3) The unsold newspaper bunker should preferably be made secure. See also 9.1,2. 2A/B (1), (3) Kent Union (2) Kent Union & Estates (1) Immediate (2) Short to medium term (3) Short term (2) 15.0 Dangerous Substances 15.3 Consider storing flammable aerosols in a suitable metal cabinet. 3A/B Kent Union Short term 17.0 Means of Escape from Fire 17.2 iii The Essentials store yard gate can be difficult to open and should be repaired/adjusted. (See also further comments.) 2A Kent Union Short term

23 ACTION PLAN 17.2 v Verify that Essentials sliding door fails safe (opens) in the event of a power failure or other fault, and is comprehensively maintained ix (1) Fire door between Essentials office and corridor should be prevented from binding on carpet. (2) Some fire doors do not always fully self-close reliably - correction may only involve simple adjustments to mechanisms or smoke seals xi Ensure that all escape routes and gangways are clear at all times, especially including the Essentials bakery area and the main Essentials store/yard (escape from the Essentials bakery area is currently obstructed by the soup kettle). 1A Kent Union & Estates Immediate 2A/B Kent Union Immediate 1A Kent Union Ongoing 17.3 (1) Requirements and provisions/procedures for safe escape of persons with disabilities should be reviewed (see further comments). The full range of potentially relevant disabilities/impairments (including temporary) should be addressed. (2) For certain individuals/disabilities/areas (e.g. stores) a prior assessment of escape possibilities, and therefore accessibility or otherwise, must be made and adhered to (including PEEPs where necessary). Poetentially 1A Kent Union Short term & ongoing 18.0 Measures to Limit Fire Spread and Development 18.1 i (1) The ATM compartment door in Essentials should be upgraded to half hour fire resisting standard. (2) The cleaners' cupboard under the Essentials/Extras staircase should be upgraded to half hour fire resisting standard. (3) The telephone/data cupboard in the Essentials main store should be upgraded to half hour fire resisting standard unless it contains solely data cabling. (4) Cupboard doors adjacent to the L1/L2 lift should be upgraded to half hour fire resisting standard. (5) Fire stopping of service penetrations etc through fire compartment wass was noted as deficient in a number of locations; other and more serious breaches may exist in locations not viewed (e.g. above suspended ceilings); an audit should be conducted and remedial fire stopping etc undertaken throughout. (6) Designated fire doors must not be propped or wedged open at any time (see notes). (1), (2), (3), (4) 2A/B to 3A/B (5) 2A/B (6) 1A/B (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) Kent Union & Estates (6) Kent Union (1), (2), (3), (4) Medium term (5) Short to medium term (6) Immediate & ongoing 18.1 i suppl. Fire integrity of voids and of the service lift should be established. 2A/B Estates Short to medium term 18.2 Presence, integrity & maintenance status of appropriate fire resisting barriers within 2A/B Estates & Kent Short to any ventilation ducts passing through fire reststing construction throughout the Union medium term building should be established and actioned as appropriate. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) 20.0 Fire Safety Signs and Notices

24 ACTION PLAN 20.1 (1) Fire action notices should be amended with revised assembly point (#38 from front of building) and extinguisher advice removed or adjusted. (2) Fit appropriate signs at & towards upper floor disabled refuge. (3) Escape route signage throughout the building of mixed types and should be (a) fitted where required/not yet provided (see further comments), (b) made compliant where not, (c) standardised as to type, and (d) up/down and other inappropriate arrow directions corrected. (4) Provide appropriate signage where not provided at existing or required call points (see 21.1 (1) & (2)). (5) Fit 'fire escape keep clear' signs at all rear outer doorways where not fitted. (1), (4) 2A/B (2), (3), (5) 1A to 2A Kent Union Immediate to short term 21.0 Means of Giving Warning in Case of Fire 21.1 (1) A break glass call point should be provided (a) at the final exit from the Essentials main office and (b) at the head of the Essentials/Extras rear staircase. (2) The break glass call point at the Essentials entrance is obscured by a new glass panel and must be made immediately available. (3) A diagram showing the locations of system features should be displayed near the fire alarm panel. (1) 2A/B (2) 1A/B (3) 4A/B (1), (3) Estates (2) Kent Union (1) Short term (2) Immediate, urgent (3) Medium term (1), (3) 21 suppl. 1 The alarm is reported as insufficiently audible in the cash office (inner room off Essentials office) - an additional sounder should be fitted. 1A to 2A Estates Short term 22.0 Portable Fire Extinguishing Appliances 22.1 (1) Provide 13A dry powder extinguisher at Essentials office final exit to cover both risk and guidance requirement. (2) Provide 13A extinguisher near Essentials store exit. (3) Consider providing additional 13A extinguisher(s) at far reaches of Essentials store. (4) The CO2 extinguisher in Extras is probably no longer necessary and should preferably be re-sited close to the electrical risks if retained. (1), (2) 2A/B (3), (4) 3A/B Kent Union (via Estates) Short term 25.0 Procedures and Arrangements 25.3, 4 A comprehensive Fire Emergency Plan covering all appropriate procedures, responsibilities and features specific to the building should preferably be compiled Management should consider whether any building staff should be designated and trained in the use of fire fighting equipment. 2A/B to 3A/B 2A/B Kent Union & Estates (Safety Unit will assist) Kent Union (Safety Unit will assist) Short to medium term Short term 25.8 The system of local checks and inspections of fire safety features should be expanded to include various aspects not covered (see University guidance and content of training courses). Under BS5306-3:2009, fire extinguishers should be checked at least monthly and the results recorded Training and Drills 26.4 It is recommended that more staff receive fire marshal training (including some with particular emphasis on fire safety inspection). 2A/B Kent Union Short term 2A/B Kent Union Short to medium term

25 ACTION PLAN 27.0 Inspection, Testing and Maintenance 27.9 Verify or implement suitable maintenance and testing of failsafe operation/battery backup of Essentials sliding entrance door. 1A Kent Union & Estates Immediate to short term 28.0 Records 28.1 i Provide and maintain records of fire drills. 2A/B Kent Union & Safety Unit Ongoing * PRIORIT (N.B. to Fire Service College Fire Safety Engineering Division scale, not PAS 79) Category A. Fire Risk to Persons: 1A - A serious life safety risk and/or a major or serious contravention of current fire safety legislation. This matter requires immediate attention and must be given high priority. 2A - An important life safety issue and/or a contravention of current fire safety legislation and/or official guidance, that may lead to enforcement action if not addressed. This matter requires attention with the minimum of delay. 3A - A significant life safety issue which, in combination with other significant findings, may result in an increased risk to persons. Advised to implement programme of work or action in accordance with good fire safety practice. 4A - A life safety issue recommended for consideration in accordance with good fire safety practice. Advised to implement action or programme of work as appropriate. Category B. Fire Risk to Property, Business Continuity, Environment, Amenity, Heritage etc. 1B - A serious risk of damage by fire (with possible legal implications, depending on the enforcing authority involved). This matter requires immediate attention and must be given high priority. 2B - An important potential fire damage issue (with possible legal implications, depending on the enforcing authority involved). This matter requires attention with the minimum of delay. 3B - A significant potential fire damage issue which, in combination with other significant findings,may result in an increased risk to the property. Advised to implement programme of work or action in accordance with good fire protection/prevention practice. 4B - A property protection issue recommended for consideration as a medium of longer term objective in accordance with good fire prevention/protection practice. Advised to implement action or programme of work as appropriate.