For best disease control Mix & Match the Emulsion Tank Mix on spray day to suit circumstances. The Scenario for Aerial Spraying in Bananas

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1 For best disease control Mix & Match the Emulsion Tank Mix on spray day to suit circumstances The Scenario for Aerial Spraying in Bananas

2 DECISION TIME: 5am at the Big Creek Mix Station, Belize There are 500 Ha of bananas to spray. The pilot has reported that there is a good chance of rain showers in the next hours. Do I stay with the planned tank mix or change the adjuvants? If I change or add anything to the planned tank mix for any reason, am I confident that I will NOT fundamentally alter the overall Fungicide Performance?

3 WHAT IS MY ROLE AS AN APPLICATOR? 1. Pilot / Navigator 2. Business Manager 3. Meterologist 4. Attorney 5. Plant & Pest Disease Expert 6. Nozzle-Head & Drop Size Expert 7. Colloid Chemist/Cocktail Mixer IS THERE DUE DILIGENCE IN YOUR TANK MIX?

4 If I alter the tank mix, can I be sure that I will NOT affect the tank mix emulsion, which could change spray efficacy? The efficiency of my mixing equipment Droplet Size and Physical characteristics Evaporation Droplet Dry Down on the Leaf & Final Penetration of the Pesticide Required Level of Pest / Disease control Your Due Diligence with respect to Customer Satisfaction Compliance & Sustainability

5 TAKE HOME MESSAGE: PAY ATTENTION TO YOUR TANK MIX EMULSION Every component in an oil-containing spray mix can affect key properties: mix stability, emulsion drop size, spray-ability, aerial fines, leaf wetting, evaporation, Active Ingredient delivery. Do you, your customer and OR regulatory authorities know that everything you are adding is reacting chemically to potentially shift the emulsion balance and the tank mix performance? If not, would you welcome a technique to help you get things right the first time?

6 IN BELIZE WE WENT BACK TO EMULSION SCHOOL! DRIVERS: vdisease Control> $900/Ac/Annum vemulsion tank mix issues vlabel Information - 1% SF vadjuvant de-registration vexternal audits re pesticide usage voperational Due Diligence vsustainability There are NO independent guidelines on how to mix & match on spray day!

7 Disease Control: Fungicides EC vs SC vs OD -O/W Emulsion OD Fungicide/Oil-in-Water Emulsion with X2 Surfactants SF #1 SF #2 NO SPRAY

8 SPRAY ADJUVANT (SURFACTANT) SCHOOL What happens to the stability of the emulsion tank mix? Activator Adjuvants Spray Modifier Adjuvants Tank Mix Stability Pesticide Formulation Crop Oils

9 What is the Impact of Standard Surfactant Types & Concentration on Emulsion Stability? Surfactant 1% v/v oil Water-A vs. Oil-B Mineral Oil 0.5 Gpa / 2.5 Gpa Spray Rate WATER SURFACTANT - A OIL SURFACTANT - B SURFACTANT RATIO A:B O/W O/W O/W

10 SOLUBILITY - Where is the Active Ingredient? Name Active Ingredient Type MP (⁰C) Water Ethanol Acetone Ethyl Ac Toluene n-hexane logp PALADIUM SICO TUNIC OPAL SOPRAL DIFENOCONAZOLE EPOXICONAZOLE EC EC SEEKER FENPROPIDIN EC IMPULSE SPIROXAMINE EC (MeOH) RELECT ISOPYRAZAM EC SPYRALE FENPROPIDIN/DIFENOCONAZOLE EC -64.6/ 530/ (Xy) (C7) 2.6 CUMORA BOSCALID SC (MeOH) SILVACUR TEBUCONAZOLE (OctOH) SC TRIADIMENOL (2PrOH) 18000(Xy) 450(C7) 3.18 SIGANEX PYRIMETHANIL SC SYLLIT DODINE SC (Xy) 18(C7) 1.25 VOLLEY FENPROPIMORPH OL (MeO)

11 What Happens to Leaf Wetting & Drop Dry Down? WATER SURF- A OIL SURF -B SURF RATIO A:B WATER SURF- A OIL SURF- B SURF RATIO A:B O/W O/W O/W

12 What Happens to an EC (SICO) Fungicide & Water only Tank Mix when we Add Mineral Oil & Surfactant? Can we Optimise the Fungicide/Surfactant Ratio?

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14 Protectant Fungicide: Dithane 60 SC 0.4 Gpa Oil/2.5 Gpa NO A B HLD 5 MIN 1 Hr 30 MIN 3 Hr

15 MANCOZEB AI: Oil in Water Emulsion with X2 Surfactants H 2 0 OIL OIL OIL OIL

16 MICRO-EMULSIONS and or MACRO-EMULSIONS

17 MICRO-EMULSIONS and or MACRO-EMULSIONS

18 HOW DO WE MIX & MATCH ON SPRAY DAY? HLD-NAC COMPUTER APP Volume of Tank mix Spray Rate L/ha Number Hectares to Spray l IDEAL EMULSION FORMULATION 1. SELECTION CROP OIL OIL 4 L/ha OIL L/ha 2. FUNGICIDE SIGANEX SC SICO EC SOPRAL EC VOLLEY OL SURFACTANT SURF 1 (w) SURF 2 (o) xxx HLD Ingredient l/ha 1000Lts MAXPAR Surf Surf SIGANEX SC SICO EC Water Total HLD = F(S) k.eacn - a. T + Cc + f(a)

19 If I change or add anything to the tank mix, am I confident that I will fundamentally alter the tank mix performance SF #1 SF #2

20 ARE YOU CREATING A PROBLEM IF YOU CHANGE THE TANK MIX? ANSWER: You don t know! Would you welcome a MIX & MATCH technique to help you get things right first time? Ask your Supplier for more Information on how to Mix & Match on Spray Day for the IDEAL EMULSION

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22 HLD-NAC BENEFITS SUMMARY- GENERAL DOES NOT require any new ADJUVANT and or registration Its proven science Will tell you how to Control your emulsion for each Job based on your customer s requirement and or due to any change Will Maximise the active ingredient availability in the tank mix Will Maximise your operational due diligence and customer satisfaction Will Provide a sustainable approach to Pesticide Usage to match the condition of any compliance audit.

23 HLD-NAC BENEFITS SPECIFIC TO BANANAS Proven Technology DOES NOT require any new ADJUVANT and or Registration Will tell you how to Control your emulsion for each Spray Cycle Will Maximise the active ingredient Solubility in the tank mix Will Secure Stability for emulsion with low oil rates <5 Lpha Will Enable Mancozeb AI and Emulsifier AI to be purchased direct and mixed at station accordingly Will Stabilise drop dry-down on leaf and Reduce risk of crop burn and poor AI bioavailability. Will Improve Operational Due Diligence and sustainability with regards Pesticide usage.