LUCRĂRI DE ÎMBUNĂTĂŢIRI FUNCIARE APLICATE ÎN PERIMETRUL DE AMELIORARE ÎN FOND FUNCIAR AGRICOL OTELEC UIVAR, JUD. TIMIŞ

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1 LAND RECLAMATION WORKS APPLIED IN THE AMELIORATION PERIMETER IN TERRITORIAL AGRARIAN FOND OTELEC-UIVAR, TIMIŞ COUNTY, ROMANIA LUCRĂRI DE ÎMBUNĂTĂŢIRI FUNCIARE APLICATE ÎN PERIMETRUL DE AMELIORARE ÎN FOND FUNCIAR AGRICOL OTELEC UIVAR, JUD. TIMIŞ Iacob NEMEŞ Politehnica University from Timişoara, Hydrotechnical Engineering Faculty Corresponding author: G. Enescu Street No. 1A Timişoara, Abstract: The amelioration perimeter is located in Timiş County, on Uivar locality, in the east parte of Otelec locality. The area is located in the southeast part of Timişoara, at appreciatively 35 km, the acces on the perimeter being by DN 59B.The ameliorate area has 210,0 ha and it belong to Uivar Hall, from Timiş County.In the agrarian fond office evidence, from O.C.P.I., the lands have the next uses: Grass land = ha; Shrubbery = 3.0 ha; Unproductive land = 8.8 ha; Exploitation road = 5.2 ha. 472 Rezumat: Perimetrul se află situat în judeţul Timiş, pe raza comunei Uivar, la est de localitatea Otelec. Este situat la sud-vest de Municipiul Timişoara, la circa 35 km, accesul făcându-se pe DN 59B.Zona amenajată este de 210,0 ha şi aparţine Consiliului Local Uivar, jud. Timiş. Din punct de vedere al proprietăţii, terenurile aparţin Consiliului Local Uivar. În evidenţa fondului funciar aflată în baza de date a Oficiului pentru Cadastru şi Publicitate Imobiliară Timiş (O.C.P.I.), terenurile cuprinse în acest perimetru de ameliorare figurează în următoarea situaţie a folosinţelor: Păşune = 193,0 ha; Tufăriş = 3,0 ha; Neproductiv = 8,8 ha; Drumuri de exploatare = 5,2 ha. Keywords: amelioration perimeter, humidity excess, degradation process, agrarian land Cuvinte cheie: perimetru de amenajare, exces de umiditate, procese de degradare, fond funciar INTRODUCTION The ameliorative area is situated, by geomorphological point of view, in Banat Crişana Plain. It occupied the lowland; the relief has a flat surface, with a very low slope, about 5%. So, the agrarian land is located in the stream between Bega and Timiş River. The lands where was made the land reclamation works are affected by the complex degradative processes, including the humidity excess, the alluvial deposits because of a low consistency of the grass lands, where the fertile layer was leached by the repetitive floods that affected these area. On these, was added the biological protection inexistence because of a unevoluted soil profile that are poor in some nutritive elements. The specific vegetation is a silvostepe towards steppe vegetation, represented by hidrophile, mezophile, xerophile and halophile species, so plants that are adapted into so extreme environmental conditions, from an excess humidity to arid areas. Another cause of the degradation area is the thickness of the soil s profile, so the thickness of the grass lands was lower and the biological protection was unplugged. So the

2 water accumulation increased fact that the soil levigation process involved, but also their debasification process and structural degradation started. It was also observed a low attention to the agrarian lands maintenance, especially in this area where the floods are frequently. An additional cause of the land degradation is the high intensity of the rains, the degradative processes being more intensive with the pass of time. The immediate consequences are the agricultural production decrease and the irreversible loss of the land in the hydrographic network. Because of the floods that affected this area, the land was degradated. Also, the ameliorative works are needed because of the floods from 2005 year, when the water stagnated on the lands for a few weeks. In the researched area from the Otelec Uivar Perimeter, the average value of air temperature is 10.7 o C and the rain average value is mm. So, the soils evolution from the studied area was determined by the climatic conditions and by the local pedogenetic conditions that a different symptoms in time and space has. The parental rocks that were identified in the researches area are fluvio-lacustrive deposits. Their intensive impregnation with salts, a high secondary salinity degree of the soil profile determined. In this context, in the researched perimeter was identified next tipes of soils: aluviosoils (saline type), chernozem (cambic gleic type, cambic saline alkali type), vertosoils (gleic type, saline alkali type, cambic saline alkali type), white alkali soils and other chernozem association. On this context, we appreciate that on these lands, an ameliorative and rehabilitation works are necessary. The required works was made after pedological analyses. THE TECHNICAL SOLLUTION IMPROVEMENT The objective that was followed by the general scheme of the perimeter s improvement was: To diminish, until the tolerated limit, of the agricultural land loss; To assure the auto vehicles and the agricultural equipment accessibility on all the ameliorate surface, even in the wet period of the year; To increase and to valorify the agricultural lands productive potential from the studied area; To reduce to the admissive limit of the floods consequences that affect these areas and to rehabilitate them. The ameliorative scheme, the necessary works to all the ha content. These work diminish the effects of the limitative factors, so the productive potential of the area increased. The works that was proposed and realized are: The grass lands cleaning, including the uncostly vegetation (figure 1); To the good ameliorative effects, from a surface of 3.0 ha, the shrubbery was cleaning. Also, an unproductive surface of 8.8 ha was cleaned by the herbal vegetation. The materials that results was burnt. The lands modelling to eliminate the micro depressions for the continuous surface plan to assure the water leakage to the emissary (figure 2); Before the agro technical and ameliorative works, on the entire surface was made the land s levelling. 473

The levelling works consist of the knolls elimination and the pots hole filling.

leakage on the surface, but also to assure the necessary conditions for the mechanical works of the lands. a b Figure 1 a,b.

Also was made the liming of the soils, their fertilization and other agricultural works. After this practices, a surface of 11.

From the estimative evaluation on the design phase (based on the direct observation made in these area, like the soil colours, the uncover of the lands and also the uniformity

3 The levelling works consist of the knolls elimination and the pots hole filling. The purpose of these works was to decrease the difference in level, to create the optimal conditions to solification process and to assure the necessary conditions for a uniform leakage on the surface, but also to assure the necessary conditions for the mechanical works of the lands. a b Figure 1 a,b. Lands with herbal vegetations and shrubbery The cleaning work of the lands was made according with the continuous surface plan levelling. Also was made the liming of the soils, their fertilization and other agricultural works. After this practices, a surface of 11.8 ha was integrated into the agricultural sector, with a grass land uses. From the estimative evaluation on the design phase (based on the direct observation made in these area, like the soil colours, the uncover of the lands and also the uniformity degree of the micro relief), the levelling works was made on the half of the lands with 400 mc/ha. The total volume of the earthwork was mc. a b Figure 2 a, b. Lands that needs levelling works Scarifying works On the surface that was affected by the humidity excess, but also on the surface where in the upper layer of the soils exist a compressed layer that made the soil being very compact and the water, air or plant s roots can not get into, was proposed the scarifying works for the cm of the soils. 474

4 These works was made on the 150 ha surface. These types of works will be repeated by the lands customer, at least one of every 5 years. These types of works have a double roll: agropedoameliorative rol (to the aeration conditions improvement) and hydro ameliorative role (to the soil s intern drainage assurance). The seeding works The seeding works of the lands was made to assimilate the grass lands on the initial stage. It was made on all the surface of the ameliorative perimeter, excepting the surface where the exploitation roads were. The seeding quantities to 1 hectare were 30 kg. To these works was used the growing of gramineous plants and the perennial leguminous plants. This was made to assure the antierosional protection of the lands. Also was made the works with a field cylinder roller and a scarifying of the lands. The road s exploitations improvement To assure the agrarian vehicles accessibility and to assure the access of all the equipments for execution in the perimeter, was propose the road s exploitations improvement because it was spilled. So, their platform was remakes. These works was made on 1450m. This type of work was made by levelling of the lands, then the land was compacted and the water furrows was rehabilitated. The culverts execution To assure the access on the ameliorative perimeter it was propose to locate 8 culverts with Dn 800 mm. The culvert no. 1 is situated on the canal HCn 1896 on the km m The culvert no. 2 is situated on the canal HCn 1886 on the km m. The culvert no. 3 is situated on the canal HCn 1882 on the km m. The culvert no. 4 is situated on the canal HCn 1894 on the km m. The culvert no. 5 is situated on the canal HCn 1889 on the km m. The culvert no. 6 is situated on the canal HCn 1891 on the km m. The culvert no. 7 is situated on the canal HCn 1857 on the km m. The culvert no. 8 is situated on the canal HCn 1880 on the km m. The fertiliser of the soils from the ameliorative perimeter According with the pedological study, the humus reserve is low on the soil s units from the perimeter area. The soils were frequently afloat, so they have a lower supply with nutritive elements. To the landholder it was advise to make chemical amendments with NPK form of fertilisers, with a norm of 250 kg/ha. CONCLUSIONS After the execution of all the proposed land works, the situation on the ameliorative perimeter is like in next figures: (fig.3, fig.4, fig. 5). The grassing on the ameliorative perimeter area is must to be stopped after the first scythe; If the lands are not maintained in these form by the agropedoameliorative works, after the works that was made, the lands will be spoiled and will turn around in the initial stage and the investment will be bootless. 475

Land levelled and seeding works Figure 4.

5 Figure. 3 a. Land levelled and seeding works Figure. 3 b. Land levelled and seeding works Figure 4. Culvert in the ameliorative perimeter Figure 5. Scarified lands BIBLIOGRAFIE 1. NEMEŞ IACOB, 2008 Combaterea eroziunii solului. Amenajarea formaţiunilor torenţiale. Alunecări de teren Ed. Mirton. 2. Proiect tehnic de amenajare a perimetrului Otelec Uivar Universitatea Politehnica Timişoara

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