CITY OF NEW ULM BOULEVARD, TREE AND SHRUB POLICY

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1 CITY OF NEW ULM BOULEVARD, TREE AND SHRUB POLICY PURPOSE: The City of New Ulm (herein called the City ) believes that it is in the best interest of the general public for the City to regulate boulevard landscaping and treatments as well as the planting, pruning and removal of trees located upon City boulevards, rights-of-way and easements. The City encourages the proper planting and care of trees within the City. This policy is an extension of the City Code, Chapter 6, Section 6.02 Regulation of Grass, Weeds, Trees, Structures and Other Objects in Streets, Alleys, Boulevards and Other Public Rights-of-Way. The City Engineer or designee shall hold the authority to regulate the rules of the City Code and this policy. The City shall provide such regulation by performing inspections and by issuing various permits as described herein and by requiring tree care services working within the City to be licensed in accordance with Chapter 4 of the City Code, Section 4.62 Tree Services. DEFINITIONS: Right-of-way City, County or State owned or controlled property designated to be used for streets, sidewalks, alleys, and boulevards. Boulevard The portion of a right-of-way that is located between the concrete curb and property line of adjacent private property, including the sidewalk or area reserved for sidewalk. Easement A grant by a property owner for the use of a strip of land for the purpose of constructing and maintaining any public utilities, storm drainage ways, or ponding areas. GENERAL STANDARDS: BOULEVARDS Boulevard sections of public rights-of-way throughout the City can be planted with grass, or a combination of grass and deciduous trees. Any trees planted within or near boulevards should be of a species acceptable to the City and planted and pruned in such a manner to insure that foliage does not obstruct pedestrians, vehicles, or regulatory signage. It is the responsibility of the adjoining property owners to properly maintain boulevard grass and trees, to keep the area free of weeds and debris, and to remove any substance or material that may be hazardous to pedestrians. Permanent fencing, loose rocks of any size or shape, hard surface (except for City Council approved sidewalks), planters, and exposed sand or gravel are not allowed on boulevard areas. EXCEPTIONS TO GENERAL STANDARDS: Boulevard sections of public rights-of-way abutting commercially or industrially zoned areas may be treated as follows: 1. COMMERCIAL BOULEVARD STANDARDS (excepting areas zoned B-1) Boulevards adjoining properties zoned Service Business District (B-2), or General Business District (B-3), shall follow the General Standards as cited herein, or may, if approved by the City Council, install planters, a hard surface of plain or aggregate surface concrete, brick pavers, concrete pavers, or a combination of concrete and pavers. 2. INDUSTRIAL BOULEVARD AREAS: Boulevards adjoining properties zoned Planned Industrial District (I-1), or General Industrial District (I-2), shall follow the General Standards or Commercial Zoning Standards as cited herein, or may, if approved by the City Council, install a hard surface of asphaltic material. 3. SPECIAL CONDITION: The City Council may grant an exception to the General Standards when unusual restrictions or condition exist within the area. 1

2 TREE PLANTING, PRUNING, AND REMOVAL Reasonable regulation is necessary to maintain a healthy urban forest while minimizing the negative impact that trees may have upon any City infrastructure, City maintenance operations, street and alley traffic, and pedestrians on sidewalks. Always call Gopher State One-Call before you dig ( ). PERMIT REQUIREMENTS City permit applications are available at the office of the City Engineer within City Hall, 100 North Broadway. All applications shall be reviewed and either approved or denied within ten (10) working days, except when City Council approval is required. CITY PERMIT REQUIRED TO PLANT: It is unlawful for any person to plant a tree which is on any public property, including rights-of-way, boulevards, and/or easements without first obtaining from the City a permit to do so. CITY PERMIT REQUIRED TO PRUNE: It is unlawful for any person to prune any tree above the height of thirteen (13) feet, measured from the base of the tree, which is on public property, including rights-of-way, boulevards, and/or easements without first obtaining from the City a permit to do so. At the time of the tree pruning permit request, the extent of the pruning shall be described on the application form by the applicant and adhered to if the permit is granted. CITY PERMIT REQUIRED TO REMOVE: It is unlawful for any person to remove any tree which is on public property, including rights-of-way, boulevards, and/or easements without first obtaining from the City a permit to do so. STATE OF MINNESOTA PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: In addition to a City permit, MNDot requires a permit to plant, prune, or remove a tree from within the designated state highway right-of-way. To acquire a State of Minnesota permit call (507) VARIETIES OF TREES: TREE PLANTING Only those trees identified on the attached list may be planted on the City s rights-of-way, boulevards and/or easements. SUITABLE PLANTING CONDITIONS: Generally, trees planted on boulevards shall adhere to the specifications as described in the attached City of New Ulm/PUC Acceptable Shade and Boulevard Tree Species information. This information refers to the space from the tree to the back of concrete curb and to the sidewalk (or area reserved for sidewalk if none exists). It also specifies which trees are acceptable for planting under power lines and for the re-leaf tree program administered through PUC. No tree shall be planted closer than thirty (30) feet of another tree or stop sign and fifteen (15) feet of a light standard, power pole, or hydrant without approval of the City Engineer or designee. Also, no tree shall be planted where it may interfere with sight lines to traffic signs, the clear view at intersections, the overhead power lines, street lighting or any other City infrastructure. 2

3 No tree shall be planted where the soil is too poor to insure the growth of the tree unless the applicant agrees to excavate a suitable hole and replaces the material removed with suitable loam as approved by the City Engineer or designee. Exceptions If the green space does not meet the size requirements for planting or there are any other special circumstances, the City Engineer or designee shall review each proposed planting on an individual basis. The soil conditions, location, eventual size of the mature tree, and proximity to City infrastructure shall be taken in to account prior to approving or denying the permit. The City Engineer or designee may encourage or require the re-planting of a boulevard tree at least three (3) feet (minimum) behind the sidewalk or space reserved for sidewalk on either public or private property, depending upon the circumstances. REIMBURSMENT PROGRAMS: There may be either City or PUC reimbursement programs available to partially fund tree planting on boulevards and rights-ofway. Information concerning these programs is available at the City Engineers office and will be handed out with the permit application. The following additional program may also be available: The Re-Leaf program through the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) at ILLEGALLY PLANTED TREES: Trees found to be planted without a permit or of an inappropriate species shall be reviewed by the City Engineer or designee and a determination will be made on an individual basis as to what action will be taken which may include removal of the tree by the City with associated costs assessed to the adjacent property owner. PRUNING DEFINITIONS: TREE PRUNING Crown The upper portion of a tree, from the lowest branch to the top of the tree. Node The point where one branch or twig attaches to another. Branch Bark Ridge A ridge of bark along the upper surface of the base of a branch. Branch Collar The swelling of branch tissue at the underside of the base of the branch. Drop Crotch Cut (best practice) A cut beginning just above the branch bark ridge, extending through the main stem parallel to the branch bark ridge. Flush Cuts (improper procedure) Cuts made inside the branch bark ridge or branch collar. Stub Cuts - (improper procedure) Cuts made too far outside the bark branch ridge or branch collar, leaving branch tissue attached to stem. Tipping (improper procedure) The cutting of lateral branches between the nodes, leaving stubs. Topping (improper procedure) The cutting of large upright limbs between the nodes, leaving stubs. Pollarding (improper procedure) The annual removal of all new growth. Topiary (improper procedure) Pruning into geometric or animal shapes. REASONS TO PRUNE TREES: To remove dead or damaged limbs that may fall and cause damage or injury. To remove low limbs or branches that interfere with pedestrian or vehicular traffic by pruning to a clear height of thirteen (13) feet over all public roadways, alleys and easements and a clear height of eight (8) feet over sidewalks in accordance with City Code Chapter 6, section 6.02, subd. 6. To remove limbs or branches blocking traffic signs & signals or those reducing street light efficiency. To improve tree health by removing diseased or insect infested limbs, increasing airflow, removing crossed or rubbing branches, correcting growth defects and developing a strong structure. To reduce overhead utility line conflicts. To improve aesthetic appearance of the tree. To enhance the general health and well being of the urban forest. Exceptions considered on an individual basis. 3

4 PRUNING PRACTICES: Pruning cuts shall be made just outside the branch bark ridge and branch collar. No more than one-quarter (1/4) of the tree s live crown shall be removed in a single growing season. Two-thirds (2/3) of the tree s height shall be maintained in a live crown. Flush cuts, pollarding, stub cuts, tipping, topiary, and topping are not permitted on any trees covered by this policy. It may be necessary to use extreme pruning measures to rid a tree of disease or keep it from interfering with City infrastructure or traffic sight lines, however, each case shall be reviewed individually and a decision rendered by the City Engineer or designee. Where feasible, drop crotch cuts shall be made on trees requiring severe crown reduction. TREE PRUNING BY CITY/PUC: CITY The City may systematically prune or remove trees and other vegetation upon or overhanging all public rights-of-way throughout the City in accordance with the New Ulm City Code, Chapter 6, Section 6.02, Subd. 2. City authority. City staff shall be trained in tree care maintenance and pruning and will follow all of the guidelines set forth by this policy. The City will not be required to obtain a permit to prune or remove a tree or other vegetation upon the City right-of-way and shall prune the entire tree, including the crown, if it is deemed necessary for the overall health and welfare of the tree. Property owners whose private trees, shrubs and vegetation are overhanging public property and in violation of the required clearances will be notified of the violation and will have the choice of pruning themselves or allowing the City to prune. The City shall be divided up into sections and staff shall continue to prune a section until all pruning is completed within that section. At that point, operations will move on to the next section on the schedule. Section size shall be determined by an estimate of the amount of pruning that may be accomplished in one normal winter and is subject to change. Snow and Ice control shall remain the priority throughout the winter months and will be a factor in the amount of pruning that is completed in any particular year. Some years there may be significant pruning while in other years there may be little or even none. PUC Public Utilities personnel may prune trees that are interfering with overhead power lines in accordance with Public Utilities Commission Regulation number 210 and the Tree Work Policy for the New Ulm Public Utilities. Normally, property owners will be contacted directly regarding any needed pruning or removal and any possible alternatives that may be practical to correct a clearance issue. TREE REMOVAL REASONS FOR TREE REMOVAL: Disease. Dead or declining. Structurally hazardous. Undesirable species. Insufficient growing space. Planted without first obtaining a permit Threat to the health and well being of the public and/or the urban forest. Exceptions considered on an individual basis. RESPONSIBILITY TO REMOVE BOULEVARD TREES: It is the responsibility of the adjacent property owner to remove or contract the removal of any boulevard tree or tree within an easement that exhibits any of the previously listed Reasons for Tree Removal. An exception to this policy may occur during a declared City emergency pertaining to tree damage as ordered by the New Ulm City Council. 4

5 MECHANICAL STUMP GRINDING: When the permit to remove a tree is issued, a copy is retained by the City as notification of a stump to be ground. On an annual basis, the City or designated contractor grinds down the stumps to a depth of several inches below ground level using a mechanical stump grinder. The waste material is then cleaned up and the hole is filled with black dirt at no cost to the adjacent property owner. LICENSING REQUIREMENTS: TREE CARE SERVICES All tree care services working within the City shall be licensed in accordance with Chapter 4 of the City Code, Section Tree Services, and shall comply with all restrictions or conditions of an issued permit and this policy. INAPPROPRIATE ACTIONS: The City Council may revoke a license issued under Section 4.62 upon a determination that the holder of the license, or any person acting on behalf of the holder of the license, has violated any requirement of the City Code with respect to the activities of the tree service, including failure to obtain required permits for pruning or removal or failure to abide by the restrictions or conditions of an issued permit. STORM RESPONSE PRIORITIES: STORM RESPONSE Certain emergency response protocol is followed after a devastating windstorm, which may include search and rescue, finding down power lines, and looking for other hazardous conditions or situations. Following is a list of tree cleanup priorities that may be occurring simultaneously. Open up priority routes throughout the City. Open all roads and alleys throughout the City. Remove hazardous trees and/or hanging branches. Pick up debris on boulevards. Grind Stumps. DISPOSAL OF TREE WASTE The City maintains a burning permit for tree waste products. The burn site is located adjacent to the City Compost Site and will accept brush, tree trimmings and full trees (cut into manageable sized pieces) without their stumps. Attendants are on duty from 10:30 AM to 5:00 PM Monday through Saturday throughout the summer months and wood waste may be dropped off in the winter months by appointment through the City Street Department. This will be the primary drop off site for all tree waste collected after a wind storm event. In the event of a major wind occurrence the hours of operation may be extended and supplemental collection areas may be designated to meet the needs of the community. No tree stumps, dimension lumber, or construction debris is allowed. Adopted February 3, 2004 Amended March 18, 2008 Tree Pruning by City / PUC (City portion) Amended March 9, 2010 Tree species and exceptions to planting in boulevards less than six (6) feet in width. 5

6 City of New Ulm Acceptable Shade and Boulevard Tree Species Tree Species Mature Size Zone Plant in Boulevard Boulevard Width Plant Under Power Lines PUC Shade Program Evergreen Trees Balsam Fir p.11 White Fir p.11 Norway Spruce p.11 White Spruce p.11 Colorado Spruce p.12 Austrian Pine p.12 Ponderosa Pine p.12 Norway Pine p.12 Eastern White Pine p.13 Scotch Pine p.13 Douglasfir p.13 Prairie Statesman Swiss Stone Pine p.13 American Arborvitae p.14 Deciduous Trees Amur Maple p.14 TREE FORM ONLY Fall Fiesta Maple p.14 Green Mountain Maple p.14 Unity Maple p.15 Lord Selkirk Maple p.15 Tatarian Maple p.15 TREE FORM ONLY Three-Flowered Maple p.15 TREE FORM ONLY Shantug Maple p.16 Ohio Buckeye p.16 Horse Chestnut p.16 Butternut p.16 Height: 40'-75' Width: 15'-25' Height: 30'-50' Width: 15'-25' Height: 40'-65' Width: 15'-25' Height: 40'-60' Width: 20'-30' Height: 30'-60' Width: 20'-30' Height: 40'-60' Width: 25'-40' Height: 40'-70' Width: 25'-40' Height 40'-60' Width: 25'-30' Height: 40'-70' Width: 20'-40' Height: 30'-50' Width:25'-40' Height: 40'-70' Width:20'-30' Height: Width: Height: 15'-25' Width: 6'-20' Height: 15'-18' Width: 15'-18' Height: ' Width: 30'-45' Height: Width: Height: Width: Height: Width: Height: 18'-20' Width: 18'-20' Height: 25'-30' Width: 20'-25' Height: 25'-30' Width: 25'-30' Height: 20'-40' Width: 20'-30' Height: 50'-75' Width: 40'-70' Height: 40'-60' Width: 35'-50' 3 NO ~ NO NO 4 NO ~ NO NO 3 NO ~ NO NO 2 NO ~ NO NO 3 NO ~ NO NO 3 NO ~ NO NO 3 NO ~ NO NO 3 NO ~ NO NO 3 NO ~ NO NO 3 NO ~ NO NO 3 NO ~ NO NO 2b NO ~ NO NO 3 NO ~ YES NO 3 YES 6 4' Minimum See Note YES YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 4 YES 6 Minimum NO YES 3a YES 6 Minimum NO YES 3a YES 6 Minimum NO YES 3 YES 3 YES 3 YES 4' Minimum See Note 4' Minimum See Note 4' Minimum See Note YES YES YES YES YES YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 4 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES

7 City of New Ulm Acceptable Shade and Boulevard Tree Species Tree Species Mature Size Zone Plant in Boulevard Boulevard Width Plant Under Power Lines PUC Shade Program Deciduous Trees Alder p.17 Serviceberry p.17 Sweet Birch p.17 River Birch p.17 Paper Birch p.18 American Hornbeam p.18 Common Hackberry p.18 Yellowwood p.19 Pagoda Dogwood p.19 Cockspur Hawthorn p.19 THORNLESS Ginko p.19 MALE TREES ONLY Honeylocust p.20 THORNLESS/SEEDLESS Kentucky Coffeetree p.20 MALE TREES ONLY Larch p.20 Amur Maackia p.20 Cucumbertree Magnolia p.21 Bob White Crabapple p.21 David Crabapple p.21 Donald Wyman Crabapple p.21 Harvest Gold Crabapple p.22 Indian Summer Crabapple p.22 Prairiefire Crabapple p.22 Professor Sprenger Crabapple p.22 Red Barron Crabapple p.23 Snowdrift Crabapple p.23 Height: 15'-50' Width: 15'-30' Height: 20'-25' Width: 10'-20' Height: 35'-50' Width: 20'-40' Height: 40'-60' Width: 30'-40' Height: 40'-70' Width: 20'-40' Height: 15'-18' Width: 15'-20' Height: 40'-60' Width: 30'-50' Height: 25'-40' Width: 20'-35' Height: 12'-15' Width: 10'-12' Height: 15'-18' Width: 20'-25' Height: 40'-60' Width: 20'-40' Height: 40'-60' Width: 40'-60' Height: 50'-70' Width: 30'-50' Height: 40'-70' Width: 20'-40' Height: 12'-20' Width: 10'-20' Height: 40'-60' Width: 25'-50' Height: 15'-20' Width: 15'-20' Height: 12'-15' Width: 12'-15' Height: 15'-20' Width: 20'-25' Height: 20'-25' Width: 15'-20' Height: 15'-20' Width: 15'-20' Height: 15'-20' Width: 15'-20' Height: 15'-20' Width: 15'-20' Height: 15'-18' Width: 12'-15' Height: 15'-20' Width: 15'-20' 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 NO ~ YES YES 3 NO ~ NO YES 3 NO ~ NO YES 2 NO ~ NO YES 3 NO ~ YES YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 4 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 NO ~ YES YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 4 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 to 4 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 NO ~ NO YES 3 NO ~ YES YES 4 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 3 NO ~ YES YES 7

8 City of New Ulm Acceptable Shade and Boulevard Tree Species Tree Species Mature Size Zone Plant in Boulevard Boulevard Width Plant Under Power Lines PUC Shade Program Deciduous Trees Spring Snow Crabapple p.23 Redbud Crabapple p.23 American Hophornbeam p.24 Corktree p.24 Quaking Aspen p.24 Amur Chokecherry p.24 Sour Cherry p.25 Sargent Cherry p.25 Black Cherry p.25 Canada Red Chokecherry p.25 White Oak p.26 Swamp White Oak p.26 Northern Pin Oak p.26 Bur Oak p.26 Pin Oak p.27 Red Oak p.27 Black Locust p.27 Korean Mountain Ash p.27 European Mountain Ash p.28 Japanese Tree Lilac p.28 Harvest Gold Linden p.28 Little Leaf Linden p.28 Dropmore Linden p.29 Catalpa p.29 Prairie Expedition Elm p.29 Height: 20'-25' Width: 15'-20' Height: 15'-20' Width: 18'-20' Height: 30'-35' Width: 25'-30' Height: 30'-50' Width: 30'-50' Height: 40'-60' Width: 20'-30' Height: 20'-30' Width: 18'-25' Height: 10'-15' Width: 10'-12' Height: 20'-40' Width: 20'-30' Height: 40'-60' Width: 20'-40' Height: 15'-20' Width: 10'-15' Height: 50'-70' Width: 40'-80' Height: 40'-60' Width: 30'-60' Height: 40'-60' Width: 25'-50' Height: 50'-80' Width: 40'-80' Height: 50'-70' Width: 30'-50' Height: 50'-70' Width: 40'-80' Height: 30'-60' Width: 20'-30' Height: 25'-30' Width: 20'-25' Height: 20'-25' Width: 20'-25' Height: 15'-30' Width: 12'-15' Height: 30-40' Width: 25'-30' Height: 50'-70 Width: 30-40' Height: Width: Height: 40'-60' Width: 20'-40' Height: 40'-60' Width: 20'-40' 3 NO ~ YES YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 2 NO ~ NO YES 3 NO ~ NO YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 4 NO ~ NO YES 3 NO ~ NO YES 3 NO ~ YES YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 4 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 4 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 4 NO ~ YES YES 3 NO ~ YES YES 3 NO ~ YES YES 2 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 2a YES 6 Minimum NO YES 4 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 3 YES 6' Minimum NO YES 8

9 City of New Ulm Acceptable Shade and Boulevard Tree Species Tree Species Mature Size Zone Plant in Boulevard Boulevard Width Plant Under Power Lines PUC Shade Program Deciduous Trees Accolade Elm p.29 New Horizon Elm p.30 Height: Width: Height: Width: YES 6 Minimum NO YES 4 YES 6 Minimum NO YES For boulevards less than five (5) feet in width, trees may be planted behind the existing or future sidewalk, within fifteen (15) feet of the back of walk, subjected to the approval of the City Engineer. Tree list revised February 23,

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11 BALSAM FIR Abies balsamea Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 PUC Shade Program: NO Very hardy evergreen with symmetrical form and fragrant foliage, No serious insect or disease problems. Aphids occasionally become a problem and cause needles to become curled. Not very tolerant of drought. Prefers a rich, well drained soil and requires ample moisture. Performs best in cool climates; foliage becomes sparse in hot, dry conditions. Not a high quality landscape plant outside of its native habitat. WHITE FIR Anies concolor Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 PUC Shade Program: NO Soft evergreen foliage, excellent pyramidal form. No serious insect or disease problems. Does not grow well in poorly drained heavy clay soils. Prefers a rich, moist soil with good drainage. Tolerates drought and heat better than most firs. Full sun is best, but will tolerate some shade. Young plants often develop multiple leaders. This results in a need for pruning and staking to develop a new leader. White Fir is the most adaptable of the firs for landscape use. Hardiness of individual plants depends on seed source. NORWAY SPRUCE Picea abies Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 PUC Shade Program: NO Evergreen foliage. Pendulous branchlets on horizontal branches create a graceful form. No serious insect or disease problems. Prefers soil with ample moisture. Transplants well. Best in full sun, since foliage becomes sparse in shade. WHITE SPRUCE Picea glauca Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 2 PUC Shade Program: NO Very hardy, adaptable conifer. Spider mites can be a problem, especially in hot, dry conditions. Does best in moist, well drained soil but will tolerate a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Full sun. Foliage will be more sparse in shade. Transplants well from containers or ball-and-burlapped. 11

12 COLORADO SPRUCE Picea pungens Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 PUC Shade Program: NO Hardy and adaptable. Blue foliage types are a strong accent in the landscape. Cytospora canker, spider mites, spruce gall aphid, Rhizosphaera needle cast. Prefers a moist, well drained soil but will tolerate drier soil. Adaptable to a wide range of conditions. Full sun, especially for blue foliage types which will lose blueness in shade. AUSTRIAN PINE Pinus nigra Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 PUC Shade Program: NO A hardy evergreen, tolerant of many adverse conditions. Diplodia tip blight (a fungal disease) can cause severe dieback. Dothistroma needle blight also causes loss of foliage. The pine wood nematode is a potential problem. Occasionally will suffer some winter browning of needles. Prefers a moist, well-drained soil. Tolerates a wide range of soil ph. One of the more adaptable pines. Full sun. Fairly salt tolerant. Hardiness varies with seed source. PONDEROSA PINE Pinus ponderosa Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 PUC Shade Program: NO Very hardy. An important timber tree. No major insect or disease problems. Can be affected by Diplodia tip blight. Prefers a moist, well drained loam soil, through it is found growing in many different situations in nature. Fairly tolerant of drought and alkaline soils. Full sun. Fairly salt tolerant. NORWAY PINE Pinus resinosa Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 PUC Shade Program: NO Extremely hardy. Tolerates poor soils. Susceptible to salt damage. May suffer windburn in winter. Not tolerant of compacted or poorly drained soil. May become chlorotic in high ph soils. Does best in northern areas. Very cold hardy and tolerant of dry, acid, sandy soils. Full sun. Fairly drought tolerant. 12

13 EASTERN WHITE PINE Pinus strobus Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 PUC Shade Program: NO Beautiful fine-textured evergreen foliage. Cold hardiness. Susceptible to white pine blister rust. Not tolerant of poorly drained soils. May become chlorotic in high ph soils. Requires a well drained soil. Transplants readily. May require pruning of the candles when young to develop a fuller plant. Foliage can be damaged by strong dry winds. Eastern White Pine is very susceptible to damage from air pollutants. Very intolerant of salt. SCOTCH PINE Pinus sylvestris Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 PUC Shade Program: NO Picturesque form of older specimens. Attractive orange bark on upper trunk and main branches. Susceptible to pine sawfly. Plants from some seed sources are susceptible to winter browning of the needles. Prefers a sandy, well drained soil. Full sun. Tolerates dry soil. DOUGLASFIR Pseudotsuga menziesii Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 PUC Shade Program: NO Attractive dark green evergreen foliage. Nice pyramidal form. There are two major varieties of Douglasfir and it s important to use the most appropriate one. Pseudotsuga menziesii va. Glauca, native in the Rocky Mountain region, is winter hardy and adaptable to the growing conditions in the north central states. P. menziesii var. menziesii grows in the western Cascades and does not tolerate the dry conditions and low winter temperatures found in the north central states. Fairly tolerant of a broad range of soil types. Needs ample moisture. Not tolerant of severe drought and hot, dry winds. Full sun. PRAIRIE STATESMAN SWISS STONE PINE Pinus cembra Herman Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 2b PUC Shade Program: NO Dense rich emerald green needles with silver-blue overtones. Narrow-erect form Resistant to most pests and diseases. Full sun. Needs well drained soil. Has increased hardiness and drought tolerance. 13

14 AMERICAN ARBORVITAE Thuha occidentalis Height: Width: 6-20 Hardiness Zone: 3 PUC Shade Program: NO Winter color in the landscape, good plant habit. Very susceptible to deer browsing in winter. Foliage of the species can turn an unattractive yellow-brown in winter. Cultivars have been selected that maintain a better winter color. Needs a moist rich soil, somewhat tolerant to wet soils. Will tolerate light shade but will be more open in growth habit. Can be sheared readily. AMUR MAPLE Acer ginnala TREE FORM ONLY Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Boulevard Width: 4 Minimum Brilliant red and orange fall color. Requires good drainage. Is a heavy seeder and can become weedy in cultivated gardens. No major insect or disease problems. Needs pruning to develop and maintain a good single trunked tree form. Requires a well drained soil. Will tolerate shade but develops better fall color if grown in full sun. Tolerates poor soil fertility. Reasonably drought tolerant. Subject to iron chorosis in alkaline soils. FALL FIESTA SUGAR MAPLE Acer saccharum Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Great tree form and fall color. No serious insect or disease problems. Susceptible to verticillium wilt, anthracnose, cankers, leaf spot and tar spot. Requires full sun to part shade. Prefers a well drained soil with ample moisture. Tolerant to drought, summer heat and wind. It has good winter cold hardiness. GREEN MOUNTAIN SUGAR MAPLE Acer saccharum Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Great tree form and fall color. No serious insect or disease problems. Susceptible to verticillium wilt, anthracnose, cankers, leaf spot and tar spot. Also susceptible to aphids, borers and scale. Has good resistance to leaf scorch. Requires full sun to part shade. Prefers a well drained soil with ample moisture. Tolerant to drought, summer heat and wind. It has good winter cold hardiness. 14

15 UNITY SUGAR MAPLE Acer saccharum Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3a Great tree form and fall color. No serious insect or disease problems. Requires full sun. Prefers a well drained soil with average to moist soil. Excellent resistance to frost cracking. LORD SELKIRK SUGAR MAPLE Acer saccharum Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3a Great tree form and fall color. No serious insect or disease problems. Requires full sun. Easily grown in average to moist soil. Adapts to most soil conditions. It has good winter cold hardiness. TATARIAN MAPLE Acer tataricum TREE FORM ONLY Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Boulevard Width: 4 Minimum Excellent small tree form. Good foliage quality. Does not tolerate poorly drained soils. No major insect or disease problems. Requires well drained soils. Tolerant of shade. Fairly drought tolerant. THREE-FLOWERED MAPLE Acer triflorum TREE FORM ONLY Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Boulevard Width: 4 Minimum Excellent red-orange fall coloration. Attractive exfoliating buff colored bark adds winter interest. Not tolerant of poorly drained soils. Not readily available. Requires a well drained soil. Full sun or partial shade. Avoid alkaline soil. Keep well watered during establishment. 15

16 SHANTUNG MAPLE Acer truncatum Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Boulevard Width: 4 Minimum Excellent small tree with glossy foliage. Very tolerant of drought and coldwinters. No serious limitations are presently known. Not tolerant to poorly drained soils. Unfortunately the tree is little known and is not readily available from nursery sources. It does well in full sun and in general seems to be quite adaptable. It is native in the equivalent of U.S.D.A. Zone 3 in northern China but has a very large native range. Seed source is an important factor in an individual plant s hardiness level. OHIO BUCKEYE Aesculus glabra Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Creamy yellowish flower clusters in spring. Good small tree form. The major limitation of Ohio Buckeye is its susceptibility to leaf scorch. This is a physiological problem which results in browning of the leaf margins beginning in mid summer. By late summer to early fall the trees look unsightly and are often partially defoliated. Litter from husks and nuts can be a problem. Ohio Buckeye is well adapted to a broad range of soil and climate conditions. It performs best in moist, well drained soil. Full sun or partial shade. HORSE CHESTNUT Aesculus hippocastanum Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Dark green foliage with 5-12 oblong clusters of white flowers with a yellow and red tint at their base. Tolerates many soil types. The Horse Chestnut is susceptible to Phytophthora bleeding canker, a deadly bacterial infection. Also susceptible to Guignardia leaf blotch caused by fungus. Litter from husks and nuts can be a problem. Horse Chestnut is well adapted to a broad range of soil conditions. It performs best in moist, well drained soil. Full sun or partial shade. BUTTERNUT Juglans cinerea Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Dark green foliage with small inconspicuous yellow-green flowers. Susceptible to Butternut canker. Litter from husks and nuts can be a problem. Horse Chestnut performs best in well drained soil. Full sun. 16

17 ALDER Alnus species Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Dark green foliage, interesting small cones. Tolerance to wet soils. Alder psyllid and alder blight aphid can cause damage to the foliage. Plants are not widely available in nurseries. Prefers a moist, cool soil but tolerates drier soils. Full sun or partial shade. Good choice for difficult wet soil sites. Adaptable to a range of soil ph. SERVICEBERRY Amelanchier species Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Masses of white flowers in very early spring. Excellent yellow-orange to red-purple fall color. No serious insect or disease problems. Needs a well drained soil. Susceptible to cedar rust, but not a severe problem. Requires a well drained soil. Does well in full sun or moderate shade. Often found as an understory plant in its native habitat. Can be pruned into a single or multi-trunked tree form. SWEET BIRCH Betula lenta Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Clean, glossy green foliage and clear yellow fall color. Not readily available in the nursery trade. Sometimes susceptible to stem cankers. Prefers a good loam soil and needs ample soil moisture. Full sun or partial shade. Do not prune in spring since excessive sap bleeding can occur. RIVER BIRCH Betula nigra Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Attractive exfoliating bark in shades of tan, pinkish salmon, and reddish brown. Not tolerant of high soil ph. Resistant to bronze birch borer. Susceptible to birch leaf miner which skeletonizes the leaves. Requires good soil fertility. Prefers a slightly acid soil and develops chlorosis in high ph soils. Transplants readily; transplanting should be done in the spring only. 17

18 PAPER BIRCH Betula papyrifera Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 2 Attractive smooth white bark, clear yellow fall color. Susceptible to bronze birch borer, especially when grown in stressful conditions. The borer can kill large branches or even the entire tree. Also susceptible to birch leaf miner. Not tolerant of compacted soils, drought, or areas with high soil or air temperatures. Paper Birch requires a well drained soil, cool temperatures and ample moisture. Full sun. Does not perform well in difficult sites. Grows best in climates with cool summer temperatures. An organic mulch or ground cover planting will help keep summer soil temperatures cooler. Fertilization and irrigation to maintain the tree in vigorous condition will help prevent borer infestation. AMERICAN HORNBEAM Carpinus caroliniana Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Excellent foliage quality; good fall color ranging from yellow to orange to plum; interesting smooth, gray muscled bark. No serious insect or disease problems. Can be grown in either full sun or shade. Needs fertile, moist, well drained soil. It is an understory plant in its native habitat. Prune off lower limbs if a more tree-like form is desired. Subject to iron chlorosis in alkaline soils. COMMON HACKBERRY Celtis occidentalis Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Adaptability to dry, difficult sites. Hackberry has no life threatening insect or disease problems, but it is susceptible to several aesthetically unattractive conditions. Witches brooms (small clusters of twigs growing from a single point on the trunk) are often found in great quantities throughout the tree. Nipple gall causes many wart like growths to develop on the undersides of leaves. The small psyllid insect that emerges can be bothersome if populations become large. May be slow to leaf out and become re-established after transplanting. Adaptable to a broad range of soil conditions. Prefers a moist loam soil but tolerates both wet and dry sites. Tolerates drought and hot summerwinds. Its adaptability makes it a popular choice for urban plantings. 18

19 YELLOWWOOD Cladrastis lutea Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Attractive smooth gray bark, pendulous clusters of fragrant white flowers. No serious insect or disease problems. Not widely available. Not tolerant of severe drought. Requires a moist, well drained soil. Tolerates a wide range of soil ph. Full sun. Transplant as B&B stock in the spring only. Has a tendency to develop narrow crotches so correct pruning is important to improve branch angle. May require cabling with age. PAGODA DOGWOOD Cornus alternifolia Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Attractive small native tree noted for its layered horizontal branching structure. Does not tolerate hot dry sites. Main branches can be killed by twig blight especially if grown under stress. Does well in either full sun or shade. Requires ample soil moisture. Use an organic mulch to keep root zone cool and moist. Prune to improve suckers and to develop desired form. COCKSPUR HAWTHORN Crataegus crusgalli Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Wide spreading plant habit, glossy dark foliage. Does not tolerate poorly drained soils. Although most hawthorns are highly susceptible to Cedar Rust, Cockspur Hawthorn is quite resistant. No serious pest problems. The long sharp thorns of the species are quite dangerous. The thornless variety should be used. Flower fragrance is not pleasant. Needs a well drained soil. Fairly tolerant of drought. Does best in full sun. GINKGO Ginkgo biloba MALE TREES ONLY Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Attractive fan shape leaves, clear yellow fall color. No serious insect or disease problems. Slow growth rate has unduly limited its use. The odor and messy litter of the fleshy seed has prompted some cities to pass ordinances banning the planting of female Ginkgo trees. Prefers a good loam soil with adequate moisture. Easily transplanted but growth rate is slow especially following transplanting. Adaptable to a wide range of soil ph. Tolerant of air pollution. Full sun. 19

20 THORNLESS HONEYLOCUST Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3-4 Fine textured foliage casts dappled shade. Susceptible to several canker diseases, especially following transplanting and when otherwise under stress. Webworm, spider mites, pod gall midge, and honeylocust plant bug can seriously damage the foliage. Prefers a good fertile loam soil with ample moisture. Adaptable to a wide range of soils and environmental conditions. Fairly salt tolerant. Full sun. Always choose the thornless variety of Honelylocust, since the regular species has many long, dangerous thorns on its trunk and branches. KENTUCKY COFFEETREE Gymnocladus dioica MALE TREES ONLY Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Provides open shade. Interesting bark and course texture of branches and seed pods add winter interest. No serious insect or disease problems. Fallen leaf stalks and pods may require some clean up. Prefers a fertile loam soil with ample moisture. Tolerates alkaline soil and urban environments. Full sun. Transplant B&B. LARCH Larix species Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 2-4 depending on species. Fine, soft green foliage and golden yellow fall color. Tolerance to poor drainage. No serious insect or disease problems. Although the natural habitat for Larch is boggy sites, it performs well in upland sites in the landscape and is fairly tolerant of drought. Quite tolerant of poorly drained soils. AMUR MAACKIA Maackia amurensis Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Extreme cold hardiness. Summer flowers, interesting bark. No serious insect or disease problems. Tends to grow slowly as a young tree. Adaptable to a wide range of soil conditions, but prefers a well drained loam soil. Tolerant to a range of soil ph conditions. Needs full sun for best development of form. 20

21 CUCUMBERTREE MAGNOLIA Magnolia acuminata Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Nice symmetrical form and attractive foliage. No serious insect or disease problems. Prefers a rich, well drained soil. Does not tolerate drought or very wet soils. Full sun or partial shade. Tolerates fairly alkaline soils. Transplant B&B in the spring. BOB WHITE CRABAPPLE Malus Bob White Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 White flowers in the spring and yellow persistent fruit in fall. Tends to produce many watersprouts on branches. Very resistant to scab, cedar-apple rust, and mildew. Fairly resistant to fireblight. Requires full sun, tolerant to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Prune to remove suckers and water sprouts. Prune as young trees to develop good branch structure. DAVID CRABAPPLE Malus David Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 White flowers in spring. Abundant persistent red fruit in fall. Very tolerant of scab, cedar-apple rust, fireblight and mildew. Requires full sun, tolerant to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Prune to remove suckers and water sprouts. Prune as young trees to develop good branch structure. DONALD WYMAN CRABAPPLE Malus Donald Wyman Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 White flowers in spring, abundant, red persistent fruit in fall. Exceptionally clean foliage throughout the growing season. Very resistant to scab, cedar-apple rust, fireblight and mildew. Requires full sun, tolerant to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Prune to remove suckers and water sprouts. Prune as young trees to develop good branch structure. 21

22 HARVEST GOLD CRABAPPLE Malus Harvest Gold Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 White flowers in spring, clear yellow persistent fruit in fall. Good resistance to cedar-apple rust, fireblight and mildew. Tolerant of scab. Requires full sun, tolerant to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Prune to remove suckers and water sprouts. Prune as young trees to develop good branch structure. INDIAN SUMMER CRABAPPLE Malus Indian Summer Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Rosy red flowers and persistent red fruit. Good resistance to scab and excellent resistance to cedar-apple rust, mildew and fireblight. Requires full sun, tolerant to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Prune to remove suckers and water sprouts. Prune as young trees to develop good branch structure. PRAIRIEFIRE CRABAPPLE Malus Prairifire Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Purple new foliage, good clear red-pink flowers, and dark red fruit. Very resistant to scab, cedar-apple rust, fireblight and mildew. Requires full sun, tolerant to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Prune to remove suckers and water sprouts. Prune as young trees to develop good branch structure. PROFESSOR SPRENGER CRABAPPLE Malus 'Professor Sprenger' Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 White flowers and persistent orange fruit. Excellent tolerance to scab, cedar-apple rust, fireblight and mildew. Requires full sun, tolerant to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Prune to remove suckers and water sprouts. Prune as young trees to develop good branch structure. 22

23 RED BARRON CRABAPPLE Malus Red Barron Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Dark rosy red flowers and dark red persistent fruit. Has very good resistance to cedar-apple rust, fireblight, mildew and fair resistance to scab. Requires full sun, tolerant to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Prune to remove suckers and water sprouts. Prune as young trees to develop good branch structure. SNOWDRIFT CRABAPPLE Malus Snowdrift Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 White flowers, orange fruit. Is quite resistant to scab, cedar-apple rust, mildew but is susceptible to fireblight. Requires full sun, tolerant to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Prune to remove suckers and water sprouts. Prune as young trees to develop good branch structure. SPRING SNOW CRABAPPLE Malus Spring Snow Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Excellent display of white flowers in spring. Has a very good resistance to cedar-apple rust and mildew, fair resistance to fireblight but is fairly susceptible to scab. Requires full sun, tolerant to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Prune to remove suckers and water sprouts. Prune as young trees to develop good branch structure. REDBUD CRABAPPLE Malus x sumi calocarpa Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 White flowers and persistent red fruit. Very tolerant of scab, cedar-apple rust and mildew and fairly tolerant of fireblight. Requires full sun, tolerant to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Prune to remove suckers and water sprouts. Prune as young trees to develop good branch structure. 23

24 AMERICAN HOPHORNBEAM Ostrya virginiana Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 An attractive small to medium sized tree with interesting bark and graceful form. No serious insect or disease problems. Rather slow growing initially following transplanting. Very intolerant of salt. Adaptable to a fairly wide range of soil conditions. Tolerates drought quite well. Tolerates sun or shade. CORKTREE Phellodendron species MALE TREES ONLY Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Interesting corky, fissured bark. Clean foliage and fast growth rate. No serious insect or disease problems. Has a tendency to grow late into the season as seedling trees and frequently suffers winter injury to the branch tips as very young trees. Use only male plants in areas where fruit litter and seedlings would be a nuisance. Prefers a rich. Moist, well drained soil. Tolerates a wide range of soil ph. Full sun. May require pruning to train up a desirable form. QUAKING ASPEN Populus tremuloides Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 2 Attractive whitish bark, good yellow fall color. Not tolerant of compacted soils. Short lived. Well adapted to sandy soil. Tolerates a wide range of soil types. AMUR CHOKECHERRY Prunus maackii Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Attractive copper colored birch-like bark. Showy white flowers. Fast growth rate. Weak crotch angles and tendency to develop girdling roots. Not always long lived. Prefers a fertile, well drained soil. Needs full sun for best development. Develops girdling roots very easily. Care must be taken during production and transplanting to ensure that roots are not curled in early development. Often has weak crotches so may require cabling if not properly pruned and trained while a young tree. 24

25 SOUR CHERRY Prunus North Star and Meteor Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Grown for fruit for pies or preserves. Attractive glossy dark green foliage and small tree habit of growth. Not tolerant of poorly drained soils. Somewhat short lived if Grown under heavy grass competition and stress conditions. Needs a well drained soil in full sun. Pruning to reduce the tree density improves fruit set and development. Sour cherries are self-fruitful and do not require a cross-pollinator. SARGENT CHERRY Prunus sargentii Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Attractive smooth reddish brown bark. Pink flowers in spring, good red fall color. Not tolerant of compacted or poorly drained soil. Can be infested by trunk borers. Requires a well drained soil with ample moisture. Needs full sun. BLACK CHERRY Prunus serotina Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Dark bark with prominent lenticels. Good yellow to red fall color. Can produce numerous weed seedlings. Tent caterpillars can cause considerable defoliation. Requires a well drained soil and ample moisture. CANADA RED CHOKECHERRY Prunus virginiana Canada Red Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Planted for its reddish purple foliage. Subject to black knot disease which frequently disfigures many of the branches. Not tolerant of poorly drained soils. Suckering may create a problem. Requires a well drained soil. Foliage color and plant form develop best in full sun. Mow around plants to eliminate root suckers unless a thicket is desired. Prune at an early age to develop into a single trunk tree if that form is desired. Frequent pruning of suckers is required to maintain a single trunk form. 25

26 WHITE OAK Quercus alba Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Well adapted to heavy soils. Good maroon-red to brownish red fall color. Has a strong tap root and is difficult to transplant. No serious insect or disease problems. Has good resistance to oak wilt. Existing trees are very sensitive to disturbances in their root zones. Grade changes, soilcompaction, or changes in drainage patterns can kill large trees quickly. Fairly tolerant of a range of soil conditions and, because of its deep root system is fairly drought tolerant when well established. Performs best on deep, moist, well drained, slightly acid soil. SWAMP WHITE OAK Quercus bicolor Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Good tolerance to heavy, poorly drained soils and to drought. No serious insect or disease problems. Has good resistance to oak wilt. May become chlorotic in high ph soils. Tolerant of heavy soils. Good tolerance to poor drainage. Easier to transplant than White Oak. Drought tolerant. Requires a somewhat acid soil. NORTHERN PIN OAK Quercus ellipsoidalis Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Tolerance to sandy soils and good fall color. Quite susceptible to oak wilt. Not easily transplanted. Not widely available in the nursery trade. Prefers a light, sandy soil. Good drought tolerance. Full sun. May become chlorotic in high ph soils. BUR OAK Quercus macrocarpa Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Majestic, spreading form. Tolerance to poor soils. Difficult to transplant because of their strong tap root. No serious insect or disease problems. Good resistance to oak wilt. Several types of galls are frequently found on the leaves and small branches of Bur Oak. These galls are unattractive but cause little damage. Bur Oak is a large tree and needs room to spread. Very tolerant to a broad range of soil conditions. Very tolerant of drought and alkaline soils. Full sun. 26

27 PIN OAK Quercus palustris Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Distinctive pyramidal form and good fall color. Often exhibits chlorosis when grown in soils of neutral to alkaline ph. No serious insect problems. Susceptible to oak wilt. Prefers a moist, well drained, slightly acid soil. Not tolerant of high soil ph. Has a fairly fibrous root system and transplants readily. RED OAK Quercus rubra Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Glossy dark green foliage and excellent orange to red. Susceptible to oak wilt. To prevent the spread of oak wilt, plant Red Oaks well apart to minimize root grafting and do not prune from April through July. Transplants fairly well with proper care. Fairly tolerant to a range of soil and site conditions. Requires well drained soil. One of the faster growing oaks. BLACK LOCUST Robinia pseudoacacia Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Attractive white flower clusters. Rapid growth rate and tolerance to poor soils. Susceptible to locust borers which can destroy the entire tree. Suckers can be invasive. Very tolerant to dry, infertile soils. Extremely adaptable to a wide range of growing conditions. Does not do well in permanently wet soils. KOREAN MOUNTAIN ASH Sorbus alnifolia Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Excellent tree form. Attractive flowers and persistent fruit. Susceptible to fire blight. No serious insect pests if not grown under stress. Sapsuckers occasional cause damage to the trunk. Korean Mountain Ash prefers a good loam soil and full sun for best performance. 27

28 EUROPEAN MOUNTAIN ASH Sorbus aucuparia Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Nice small tree form. Showy in flower and fruit. European Mountain Ash is susceptible to fire blight. Not very tolerant of summer heat or drought conditions. Trunk borers often invade trees that are grown under stress. Susceptible to sun scald and sapsuckers injury to the trunk. European Mountain Ash prefers a cool, rich loam soil, with good drainage. Full sun is needed for good development. Keep well watered during hot, dry periods. JAPANESE TREE LILAC Syringa reticulata Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Excellent small tree form. Showy creamy-white flowers for an extended period beginning in late June. No major insect of disease problems. Quite variable in growth rate and form when seedling grown. Japanese Tree Lilac is fairly tolerant of a range of soil conditions. They prefer full sun for best development. Fairly tolerant of salt. HARVEST GOLD LINDEN Tilia mongolica Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 2 Excellent tree with nice form and great yellow fall color. Well adapted to the climate of much of the upper Midwest. No serious insect or disease problems. Full sun. Tolerant to a wide range of site conditions. LITTLE LEAF LINDEN Tilia cordata Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 Excellent shade tree, adaptable to many conditions. No serious insect or disease problems. Fairly tolerant to a wide range of site conditions. Usually requires little maintenance. Transplants readily. Tolerates clay soils better than many tree species. Fairly tolerant of pollution. May require removal of suckers from base of trunk. 28

29 DROPMORE LINDEN Tilia x flavescens Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 2a Excellent tree with a nice more narrow form and great yellow fall color. Well adapted to the climate of much of the upper Midwest. No serious insect or disease problems. Full sun. Tolerant to a wide range of site conditions. Catalpa Catalpa speciosa Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 Large, showy white flowers in spring. Medium growth rate. No serious insect or disease problems. Withstands wet, dry, alkaline soils and hot, dry environments. Tolerant to a broad range of soil conditions. Full sun or partial shade. PRAIRIE EXPEDITION ELM Ulmus americana Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 3 DED resistant. Rapid growth rate and adaptability to urban conditions. Dark green summer foliage. Highly susceptible to Elm Yellows; it is also moderately preferred for feeding and reproduction by the adult Elm Leaf Beetle and highly preferred for feeding by the Japanese Beetle. Plant in full sun. Adaptable to soil and water conditions. ACCOLADE ELM Ulmus Morton' Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 DED resistant. Rapid growth rate and adaptability to urban conditions. Dark green summer foliage. Susceptible to phloem necrosis which is viral disease, wetwood and various wilts, rots and cankers. Plant in full sun. Adaptable to soil and water conditions. 29

30 NEW HORIZON ELM Ulmus New Horizon' Height: Width: Hardiness Zone: 4 DED resistant. Rapid growth rate and adaptability to urban conditions. Dark green summer foliage. Susceptible to phloem necrosis which is viral disease, wetwood and various wilts, rots and cankers. Plant in full sun. Adaptable to soil and water conditions. ELM MAINTENANCE Many of these elms require more pruning and training than other landscape trees and the first ten years often determine how they will perform for the remainder of their lives. In the case of elms, a small investment in maintenance during the formative years will have a huge payoff when they are approaching maturity. Like most trees, these elms are best maintained with a strong central leader; this ensures a straight stem and keeps the tree growing up rather than out! As the lower side branches grow and increase in diameter, they should be removed until the desired clearance for the site is reached. Knowing when and how much to prune and maintain trees requires experience so if you re not sure how to work on young elms, contact an experienced Certified Arborist to get you started right. The investment made now will pay off when your tree is growing beautifully, is structurally strong and is providing shade on your property. 30