Control strategies for crapemyrtle bark scale and possible impacts on beneficial insects
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- Horace Beasley
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1 Control strategies for crapemyrtle bark scale and possible impacts on beneficial insects Michael E. Merchant 1, Erfan Vafaie 2, Yan Chen 3 1 Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas, m-merchant@tamu.edu 2 Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Overton 3 Louisiana State University AgCenter, Hammond, LA
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5 Number of scale per 35 cm branch
6 Life stages Males Egg Crawler Nymph Prepupa (sac) Pupa (sac) Adult Females Egg Crawler 2 nymph instars Adult female (ovisac) Shown: approx. 30 males, 12 nymphs, 1 female
7 Evaluation of various treatments and timing of applications: 2008 Root treatments made with termite (4-way) injection rod Foliar/trunk applications-30 psi hydraulic sprayer with hollow-cone nozzle Three application times Early Spring application (20 March) Late spring application (19 May) Summer application (22 July)
8 Treatments 2008 Crapemyrtle Trails at McKinney Treatment Type Rate malathion foliar/trunk spray 1 fl oz/gal horticultural oil foliar/trunk spray 1-2% acetamiprid (TriStar 30SG+CapSil) foliar/trunk spray 15 g/10 gal clothianidan (Arena 50 WDG) soil injection 4.5 g/in cum dbh dinotefuran (Safari 20SG) soil injection 12 g/in cum dbh imidacloprid (Merit 2F) soil injection 0.2 fl oz/in cum dbh thiamethoxam (Meridian 25WG) soil injection 28 g/15 in cum dbh thiamethoxam (Meridian 0.33G) soil surface application 9.4 lb/5000 ft2 control
9 Ave. CMBS numbers/cm branch: control plots Early Trt 20 Mar-12 Jun Mid Trt 19 May 14 Aug Late Trt 21 Jul 13 Oct /20/2008 4/20/2008 5/20/2008 6/20/2008 7/20/2008 8/20/2008 9/20/2008
10 Effects of Insecticide applications on total number CMBS per cm branch (20 Mar-12 Jun) Early Season Application (Mar ) 20 * Protected LSD (P<0.05) 15 * 10 * Weeks after Treatment CONTROL HORTOIL MALAT ARENA SAFARI MERIT2F TRISTAR MERID MERIDG Treatment
11 Effects of Insecticide applications on total number CMBS per cm branch (19 May 14 Aug) Mid Season Application (May ) * Protected LSD (P<0.05) * Weeks after Treatment CONTROL HORTOIL MERIDG MALATHIO * * * * ARENA SAFARI MERIT2F TRISTAR MERIDWG Treatment
12 Effects of Insecticide applications on total number CMBS per cm branch (21 Jul 13 Oct) Late Season Application (22 Jul 2008) * Significant LSD (P<0.05) Weeks after Treatment CONTROL HORTOIL ** * MERIDG MALATHIO * * ARENA SAFARI MERIT2F TRISTAR MERIDWG Treatment
13 Evaluation of various methods of thiamethoxam treatment: 2009 Soil drench with bucket trunk applications-30 psi hydraulic sprayer with hollow-cone nozzle Soil application with coarse spray One application date (29 Jun)
14 Treatments 2009 Crapemyrtle Trails at McKinney Treatment Type Rate Thiamethoxam (Optigard Flex) Soil drench 1.5 gal 0.1% solution Thiamethoxam (Optigard Flex) Trunk spray to runoff 0.1% solution Thiamethoxam (Optigard Flex) + Capsil (adjuvant) Trunk spray to runoff 0.1% solution Thiamethoxam (Optigard Flex) Coarse soil spray 0.1% 2 gal/1000 ft2 Imidacloprid (Merit 2F) Soil drench 1.5 gal of 0.2 fl oz/ inch dbh Control
15 Effects of Insecticide applications on total number CMBS per cm branch 29 June Application * Significant LSD (P<0.05) * * * * Optigard soil drench Merit soil drench Optigard soil spray Optigard+Capsil trunk spray Optigard trunk spray 12 Control
16 Life stages/life cycle of A. lagerstroemiae Scale crawlers are barely visible with the naked eye 2X sided tape on trunks and branches
17 Insecticide evaluation using CMBS crawler counts 2015 Erfan Vafaie and Patrick Rydzak, Rose Heights Church, Tyler, TX Landscape trial: 42 infested trees Treatment Type Rate Acephate (Orthene) Bark/foliar spray to runoff 0.599g/L Horticultural oil (Suffoil) + azadiractin (MoltX) Bark/foliar spray to runoff (1ml/L) + (0.781mL/L) Bifenthrin (Talstar) Bark/foliar spray to runoff 3.375mL/L Imidacloprid (Merit 2F) Soil drench 144mL in 4L Dinotefuran (Safari) Soil drench 36g / 4L drench Untreated control
18 Insecticide evaluation using crawler counts only (applications 15, 28 April 7 replications) Erfan Vafaie and Patrick Rydzak, 2015 Spray 1 Spray 2 Talstar (orange) provided relatively quick suppression of crawler populations Crawler response to soil treatments with Merit and Safari at 9 WAT Little control with oil+azadirachtin or acephate
19 Early season horticultural oil spray to reduce crawlers, Naomi Press Elementary, McKinney TX (14 Mar 24 MAY) No. Crawlers per cm tape DAT (days after treatment) * No significant difference between treatments Oil UTC * ANOVA repeated measures P>0.05
20 Foliar spray Trial 2016 Caddo Magnet High School, Bossier City La Block 7 and 8 Block 6 Block 3, 4 and 5 Block 1 &2 80 established landscape trees (60 Natchez, 20 Muskogee ) 10 treatments applied as foliar sprays with backpack sprayer.
21 Foliar spray Trial 2016 Caddo Magnet High School, Bossier City LA Products used in trial Treatment Type Rate Cyantraniliprole (Mainspring 200 SC) Mnfc: Syngenta Pyriproxyfen (Fulcrum) Mnfc: OHP Azadirachtin (Molt-X) Mnfc: BioWorks Horticultural oil (SuffOil-X) Mnfc: BioWorks Foliar spray to runoff Foliar spray to runoff Foliar spray to runoff 10 fl.oz/100 gal 10 fl.oz/100 gal 10 fl.oz/100 gal Foliar spray to runoff 1 gal/100 gal (1%) Dinotefuran (Zylam) Foliar spray to runoff 10 fl oz/100 gal Untreated control NuFilm 17 and Capsil adjuvants were added to some of the treatments (10 fl oz/100 gal)
22 40 Foliar sprays for CMBS 2016 Caddo Magnet High School, Bossier City LA Sprays applied 14 Apr (0DAT), 2 May (18DAT), 12 May (28DAT) [CELLRANG E] [CELLRANG E], LSD = Live adult scale/2 ft branch tips at 76 DAT [CELLRANG E] [CELLRANG [CELLRANG E] E] [CELLRANG [CELLRANG [CELLRANG [CELLRANG E] E] E] E] E]
23 Chilocorus cacti (twice stabbed lady beetle)
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25 Hyperaspis lateralis
26 Lady beetle exclusion test Objective: Test impact of natural enemies of CMBS via insecticide exclusion. Scale treatment Lady beetle treatment High rate cypermethrin Low rate Imidacloprid soil drench carbaryl No spray High rate Low rate High rate cypermethrin Low rate No soil drench carbaryl No spray High rate Low rate
27 Lady beetle exclusion test Objective: Test impact of natural enemies of CMBS via insecticide exclusion. Treatment Type Rate 1. Cypermethrin (Demon Max) (high rate) Canopy spray 0.1% 2. Cypermethrin (high rate) + imidacloprid Canopy spray + soil drench 0.1% fl oz/ft height 3. Cypermethrin (Demon Max) (low rate) Canopy spray 0.05% 4. Cypermethrin (low rate) + imidacloprid Canopy spray + soil drench 0.05% fl oz/ft height 5. Carbaryl (Sevin SL) (high rate) Canopy spray 1 qt/100 gal 6. Carbaryl (Sevin SL) (high rate) + imidacloprid Canopy spray + soil drench 1 qt/100 gal 7. Carbaryl (Sevin SL) (low rate) Canopy spray 1 pt/100 gal 8. Carbaryl (Sevin SL) (low rate) + imidacloprid Canopy spray + soil drench 1 pt/100 gal 9. Imidacloprid (Mallet F T&O) Soil drench 0.2 fl oz/ft tree height 10. Untreated Control
28 Lady beetle exclusion test Scale counts following insecticide applications 6 Jun, 19 Jul (6WAT) CyperHI CyperLO SevinHI SevinLO UTC CyperLO+MAL SevinHI+MAL CyperHI+MAL SevinLO+MAL UTC+MAL * * 300 * UTC UTC+MAL SevinLO+MAL CyperHI+MAL SevinHI+MAL CyperLO+MAL 50 SevinLO SevinHI CyperLO 8 CyperHI * Protected LSD (P<0.05)
29 Lady beetle exclusion test 03 Aug 2016 Scale counts 8 WAT (ANOVA, P<0.05) CyperHI CyperLO SevinHI SevinLO UTC CyperLO+MAL SevinHI+MAL CyperHI+MAL SevinLO+MAL UTC+MAL -421% -442% -618% -124% [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLREF] -104% *Percent Control 200 [CELLREF] [CELLRANGE] 93% 55% 92% 94% 50 0 [CELLREF] [CELLREF] [CELLREF] [CELLREF] * Percent control calculated with Henderson s method
![CYPER-LO-MALLET SEVIN-LO-MALLET SEVIN-HI-MALLET CYPER-HI-MALLET [CELLREF] 5 [CELLREF] 4 3](/docs-images/95/122997465/images/30-1.jpg "[CELLREF] [CELLREF] [CELLREF] Mallet treatments 2 1 0 [CELLREF] [CELLREF] [CELLREF]")
30 Impact of insecticide treatments on lady beetles Average 2 minute timed lady beetle count/tree (larvae+pupae+adults) 6 UTC SEVIN-LO SEVIN-HI CYPER-LO CYPER-HI MALLET CYPER-LO-MALLET SEVIN-LO-MALLET SEVIN-HI-MALLET CYPER-HI-MALLET [CELLREF] 5 [CELLREF] 4 3 [CELLREF] [CELLREF] [CELLREF] Mallet treatments [CELLREF] [CELLREF] [CELLREF] [CELLREF] [CELLREF]
31 Conclusions to date What works Soil applied neonicotinoids Pyriproxyfen? Talstar may provide some control Oil in combination with other treatments What doesn t work Hort oil alone Trunk sprayed or foliar sprayed neonicotinoids Cyantraniliprole alone Azadirachtin alone Malathion alone Sevin and cypermethrin make scale worse--likely by eliminating predators
32 National website for CMBS Control
33 State factsheets on CMBS Louisiana Arkansas Texas
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