Pear Research Meeting

Transcription

1 Pear Research Meeting Feb. 8, 2017 Comparison of products and timings for blight control Phenology and distribution of brown marmorated stink bugs and new threats to farms Notching to stimulate shoot growth on lower trunks of trellised trees Chuck Ingels UCCE Capitol Corridor / Sacramento County

2 Pear Research Meeting Feb. 8, 2017 Comparison of products and timings for blight control Phenology and distribution of brown marmorated stink bugs and new threats to farms Notching to stimulate shoot growth on lower trunks of trellised trees Chuck Ingels UCCE Capitol Corridor / Sacramento County

3 Comparison of Products and Timings for Control of Fire Blight Feb. 2, 2017 Chuck Ingels, UCCE Jim Adaskaveg, UC Riverside Funding: Pear Pest Management Research Fund

4 Dead Block 4 (copper) Block 3 (no copper) Block 2 (copper) Block 1 (no copper) Experimental Design Main plot: DD Cu vs. no DD Cu 2 replicates each 7 sub-plot treatments 4 replicates/main plot Overall: 16 replicate trees/treatment (112 trees) Spacing: 20 x 20 ft. Backpack mist blower

5 Applying DD Copper Feb. 22, 2016 Badge X2 (6 lbs./a) + Nu Film 17 (6.4 fl oz/100 gal.) at 100 gal./acre

6 2016 Treatments and Timings Applications (Weekly) Spray Dates Sub Plots 1 Check Check Check -- 2 Oxy Oxy Oxy 3 Kas Kas Kas Feb Strep Oxy+Cu Kas Mar. 4, 9, 15, 23, 30 Apr. 6, 12, 19 5 Strep Oxy Kas 6 Strep+Oxy Strep+Kas Kas+Oxy 7 Strep+Oxy Strep+Kas Kas+Oxy Feb. 29, Mar. 19, 26, Apr. 4, 8, 19

7 Blight Strikes and Russetting Treatment Avg. No. of Strikes/Tree Signif. Avg. % Russet/Fruit Signif. Delayed Dorm. Cu 0.25 NS 2.04 NS No Del. Dorm. Cu 0.39 NS 1.87 NS Untreated 1.19 A 1.49 C S-O-K 0.50 B S-OCu-K 0.31 B 1.97 BC SO-SK-KO (Model) 0.13 BC Oxy 0.06 BC 1.52 C Kasumin 0.06 BC 2.29 B SO-SK-KO 0.00 C 3.22 A

8 Timing of Blight Counts Last spray April 19 April: 6 (1 - PA), 12 (1 - Un), 14 (4), 28 (3 - SOK) May: 18 (34) Did some strikes occur after final spray? No blight cutting 4/28-5/18 Grower sprayed after April 19 Clear pattern more strikes with untreated trees Therefore, it is likely that the strikes were largely related to the spray treatments

9 Zoller Fire Blight Model Degree-Hour Accumulations 1 DH = 1 degree above 65 o F for 1 hour Accumulate DH each hour of the day unless 3 consecutive days below 66 o F occur The accumulation of DH is then reduced to zero until temperatures again exceed 65 o F Accumulated DH total not reduced if the total has surpassed 400 DH and has coincided with precipitation or simultaneous warm, humid infection periods of at least 57 o F and 90% RH

10 Sac. Valley Fire Blight Action Thresholds Deg-Hrs Weather Action* ( F) 0 Not relevant None Rain predicted within 24 hrs. Spray in the 24-hr. period prior to rain Predicted rain or warm, humid Repeat every 3-4 days weather, with temperature at least 57 F and relative humidity at least 90% with treatment in the 24-hr. period prior to predicted conducive Over 500 Predicted rain or warm, humid weather, with temperature at least 57 F and relative humidity at least 90% weather Treat every other day during major bloom *Treatments refer to half-treatments, applied every other row

11 2015 April

12 2015 April

13 Full bloom 2016

14 March

15 Sac. Valley Fire Blight Action Thresholds Deg-Hrs Weather Action* ( F) 0 Not relevant None Rain predicted within 24 hrs. Spray in the 24-hr. period prior to rain Predicted rain or warm, humid Repeat every 3-4 days weather, with temperature at least 57 F and relative humidity at least 90% with treatment in the 24-hr. period prior to predicted conducive Over 500 Predicted rain or warm, humid weather, with temperature at least 57 F and relative humidity at least 90% weather Treat every other day during major bloom *Treatments refer to half-treatments, applied every other row

16 Methodology Objective 2 Phosphonate sprays in mid-season (2x) 1) Aliette, 2) ProPhyt, 3) untreated Mist blower backpack sprayer RCBD, 5 single-tree replicates Measure length of strikes on 10 shoots Before each application and weekly Diameters of 20 fruits/tree

17 Pear Research Meeting Feb. 8, 2017 Comparison of products and timings for blight control Phenology and distribution of brown marmorated stink bugs and new threats to farms Notching to stimulate shoot growth on lower trunks of trellised trees

18 Phenology and Distribution of Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs & New Threats To Farms Pear Research Meeting Feb. 8, 2017 Chuck Ingels UC Cooperative Extension, Sacramento County Funding: Pear Pest Management Research Fund

19

20 BMSB Finds Sacramento County Jan. 1, 2014 Jan. 1, 2015

21 BMSB Finds Sacramento County Jan. 1, 2016 Jan. 1, 2017

22 Traps Used in Sacramento Monitoring 2015 AgBio Pyramid Trap Double Cone (1-gal.)

23 Traps Used in Sacramento Monitoring 2016 AgBio Pyramid Trap Double Cone (Trece experimental)

24 Double Cone Traps Sometimes Broke

25 2014 Trap Locations & Counts Adults/Nymphs 64/ /155 x 90/691 11/9 7/7 0/0 22/98 3/4 0/0

26 2015 Trap Locations & Counts Total BMSB Pyramid D. Cone <

27 2016 Trap Locations & Counts Total BMSB ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ Pyramid D. Cone < ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ ʘ

28 Cort with Traps

29 17-Mar 31-Mar 14-Apr 28-Apr 12-May 26-May 9-Jun 23-Jun 7-Jul 21-Jul 4-Aug 18-Aug 1-Sep 15-Sep 29-Sep No./Trap/Day Adults and Nymphs Trapped Avg. of 4 traps, First nymphs: June 3 First eggs: May 5 Nymphs Adults

30 2-Mar 23-Mar 13-Apr 4-May 25-May 15-Jun 6-Jul 27-Jul 17-Aug 7-Sep 28-Sep 19-Oct No./Trap/Day Adults and Nymphs Trapped Avg. of 7 traps with 100+ for season, First nymphs: May 19 Nymphs Adults First eggs: April

31 11-Feb 3-Mar 24-Mar 14-Apr 5-May 26-May 16-Jun 7-Jul 28-Jul 18-Aug 8-Sep 29-Sep 20-Oct No./Trap/Day Adults and Nymphs Trapped Highest 12 Traps, traps First nymphs: May 9 First eggs: April 12 Heat wave Nymphs Adults

32 High Temperatures Sacramento, 2016

33 Summary of Trapping and Phenology Traps placed First adults (found at first check) First eggs First nymphs Mar. 24-Feb. 9-Feb. 17-Mar. 2-Mar. 11-Feb. 5-May 14-Apr. 12-Apr. 3-Jun. 19-May 9-May

34 Also Lure Comparison Sacramento, 2016 AgBio Combo Alpha Scents Trece Rescue + insecticide strip

35 Total Number of BMSB trapped Lure Study, 2016 Lure

36 Total No. of BMSB Total Number of BMSB trapped May 9 to Oct. 10, NS b * a Double Cone Adults Pyramid Double Cone Nymphs Pyramid

37 Total Number of BMSB trapped May 9 to Oct. 10, 2016

38 Ratios of Trapped BMSB Male/Female and Nymphs/Adults

39 Ratios of Trapped BMSB Male/Female and Nymphs/Adults

40 Ratios of Trapped BMSB Male/Female and Nymphs/Adults

41 Trece Trap & Lure Study Aug. Sept., 2016 Double cone trap:»with kill strip»no kill strip»no kill strip, stickem on inside

42 Trece Trap & Lure Study Double Cone Trap (Upgraded) Slotted plastic ring Tabs Stickem

43 Trece Trap & Lure Study Double Cone Trap (some broke)

44 Trece Trap & Lure Study Results

45 Trap Placement Locations Sacramento River Pear District, 2015 Freeport: 10/2015: 1 male Clarksburg Courtland Walnut Grove

46 Trap Placement Locations Sacramento River Pear District, 2016 Vineyard near Clarksburg: 6/2016: 3 males 7/2016: 2 nymphs Freeport: 10/2016: 4 males Clarksburg Courtland Walnut Grove

47 Pear Pest Management Guidelines UC IPM

48 Host Plants Crops Stone fruits (esp. peach), pome fruits Berries Grapes (not a major host) Tomato, okra, pepper, corn, beans, sunflower

49 BMSB Damage 2014 Peach, 5/22 Nectarine, 6/3 Asian pear, 7/2 Plum no damage

50 On Persimmons Sept. 2015

51 On Apples Sept. 2015

52 D Anjou and Bosc Damage Yan Wang (OSU), 2015 Greater damage on Bosc than d Anjou same amount of BMSB Feeding increased ethylene production, respiration rate of Bosc but not d Anjou fruit during storage. Y. Wang

53 Major Host Plants Selected Ornamentals Butterfly bush Catalpa Chinese pistache Elm Fruiting mulberry Holly Maple Princess tree (Paulownia) Pyracantha Redbud Tree of heaven Waxleaf privet Wisteria

54 Trident Maple Acer buergerianum

55 Waxleaf Privet Ligustrum japonicum

56 Chinese Pistache Pistachia chinensis

57 Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima

58 Acknowledgments Funding was provided by: Pear Pest Management Research Fund Research Assistant: Cort Hurley

59 Thank you! Questions? Funding provided by: Pear Pest Management Research Fund Research Assistant: Cort Hurley

60 Pear Research Meeting Feb. 8, 2017 Comparison of products and timings for blight control Phenology and distribution of brown marmorated stink bugs and new threats to farms Notching to stimulate shoot growth on lower trunks of trellised trees

61 Notching Trial 2015 Trees planted Jan. Trees notched Feb. 5 Two treatments Multiple notches/tree vs. untreated 10 replicates, 3 trees/replicate

62 The Goal Branching on Unheaded Trees

63 The Objective Fill in Spaces Quickly Good lateral branch growth Poor lateral branch growth

64 Notching Trial Mar. 5, 2015

65 Notching Trial Mar. 10, 2015

66 Notching Trial May 12, 2015

67 Notching Trial Untreated May 22, 2015

68 Notching Trial Sept. 30, 2015 Untreated Notched Mar. 5

69 Notching Trial Results (Notched Mar. 5) Treatment Notched Trees Mar. 30, 2015 Shoot Length (cm) Sig. Level - Notched buds 5.2 a - Untreated buds 3.2 b Untreated Trees 1.6 bc Half to 2/3 of buds removed 2.1 c Mean separation within columns, significant at P (Tukey HSD)

70 Notching Trial Results (Notched Mar. 5) Treatment Notched Trees May 12, 2015 Shoot Length (cm) Sig. Level - Notched buds 10.0 a - Untreated buds 6.1 b Untreated Trees 2.2 c Mean separation within columns, significant at P (Tukey HSD)

71 Promalin Didn t Work!

72 Shoot Removal Trial 2016

73 Shoot Removal Trial nd year after grafting over (Bosc) Would removing shoots just below terminal increase the terminal shoot growth? Shoots removed 4/1/2016 Terminal shoots measured 5/24/2016

74 Shoot Removal Trial Before 2016 After

75 After 1.5 Weeks Later

76 Shoot Removal Project Treatment Shoot Length Sig. Level (cm) Before (3/29/16) Stripped 14.8 a Not stripped 14.7 a After (5/24/16) Stripped 28.6 a Not stripped 22.5 b Mean separation within columns, significant at P (Tukey HSD)