Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Host-Use in Organic Vegetables with Trap Crop

Transcription

1 Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Host-Use in Organic Vegetables with Trap Crop C.R. Mathews 1,2 and M.H. Hallack 1 1 Redbud Farm, Inwood, WV 2 Institute of Environmental and Physical Sciences, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV BMSB Working Group Meeting, Winchester, VA November 27, 2012

2 Small-scale, highly diverse organic farm, Berkeley County, WV Need BMSB strategy that does not disrupt agroecosystem stability

3 Preliminary Observations: 2011 Green amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) and sunflower highly attractive trap crop? Organic pyrethrin (Pyganic) ineffective Baited trap effective late season

4 Potential BMSB Sources Surrounding woods, tree rows

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6 2012 Field Study Objectives Identify directional source of BMSB before crop colonization Evaluate effectiveness of trap crop buffer Determine host-use patterns throughout growing season Determine overall host-plant preferences

7 Methods Cash crops: okra ( Clemson Spineless ), sweet pepper ( Red Ace ), tomato ( Big Boy ), summer squash ( Zephyr ) Trap crops: green amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) and sunflower (open pollinated mixture) Pheromone traps: Rescue dual lure (Sterling International, Inc.)

8 Methods RCBD with two blocks ( old and new ) Two replicates per block Old New

9 1 Replicate (900 sq ft) 3 x 36 ft crop rows, N black plastic 3 ft aisles, straw W Okra Tomato Summer squash Sweet pepper E mulch S Treatment: 3 ft wide perimeter, sunflower and amaranth (broadcast 23 May), 4 Rescue traps, 3 ft height (6 June) Minimum 30 buffer Okra Tomato Summer squash Sweet pepper

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11 Methods: Arthropod Sampling Weekly (4 Jun 19 Sep) Cash Crop: Whole plant visual sample (3/row), BMSB, native stinkbug and predator densities Trap Crop: Trap contents recorded, removed

12 Directionality of BMSB in Trap Crop Mean no./trap Jun 11-Jun 19-Jun 26-Jun blk*trap direction effect 5-Jul 10-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 21-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep 12-Sep 19-Sep N E S W No effect of trap placement within sample dates

13 Block*Trap Placement: 10 July Old N N E S W Mean #/trap a P = F = df = 3 a New 2 1 b b b b b b 0 New Old Block

14 BMSB Colonization & Use of Trap Crop (nymph and adult) Average no./trap Adult Nymph Jun 11-Jun 19-Jun 26-Jun 5-Jul 10-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 21-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep 12-Sep 19-Sep 4-Jun 11-Jun 19-Jun 26-Jun 5-Jul 10-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 21-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep 12-Sep 19-Sep New Block Old Block Earlier colonization and 2-fold increase by 12 Sept, in block with production history

15 Seasonal BMSB Densities (nymph and adult) in Trap Crop 300 Mean no./trap P =.02 F = 7.59 df = 1 Old New 50 0 New Block Old Block

16 Mean no./plant Seasonal BMSB Densities (all stages) in Cash Crops: Block*Crop Effect P =.0002 F = 10.5 df = 3 a Okra Tomato Squash Pepper a New b b Block Same host-plant preference profile, but higher magnitude in plot with history of production a b Old c b

17 Trap Crop Effectiveness: Okra 14 Mean no. BMSB/plant Control Trap Crop 4-Jun 11-Jun 19-Jun 26-Jun 5-Jul 10-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 21-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep 12-Sep 19-Sep

18 Trap Crop Effectiveness: Pepper 4 Mean no. BMSB/plant Control Trap Crop 4-Jun 11-Jun 19-Jun 26-Jun 5-Jul 10-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 21-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep 12-Sep 19-Sep *

19 Trap Crop Effectiveness: Tomato 6 Mean no. BMSB/plant Control Trap Crop 4-Jun 11-Jun 19-Jun 26-Jun 5-Jul 10-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 21-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep 12-Sep 19-Sep *

20 BMSB Colonization & Use of Cash Crops: Old Block Pepper Squash Tomato Okra Pepper Squash Tomato Okra Trap Mean #/plant Jun 11-Jun 19-Jun 26-Jun 5-Jul nymph 10-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug Control 15-Aug 21-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep 12-Sep 19-Sep Mean #/plant Jun 11-Jun 19-Jun 26-Jun adult 5-Jul 10-Jul 17-Jul eggs 24-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 21-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep 12-Sep 19-Sep Trap Crop Colonization of cash crops delayed 14 d in Trap Crop vs. Control; okra used before other cash crops Early colonization and consistent use of trap through season

21 17 July

22 BMSB Colonization & Use of Cash Crops: New Block Mean #/plant Pepper Squash Tomato Okra 4-Jun 11-Jun 19-Jun 26-Jun 5-Jul 10-Jul nymph 17-Jul 24-Jul 2-Aug Control 8-Aug 15-Aug 21-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep 12-Sep 19-Sep Mean #/plant Pepper Squash Tomato Okra Trap 4-Jun 11-Jun 19-Jun 26-Jun 5-Jul nymph nymphs & adults 10-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug Trap Crop 21-Aug 29-Aug 4-Sep 12-Sep 19-Sep Colonization of cash crops delayed 7 d in Trap Crop vs. Control; okra used before other cash crops Early colonization and consistent use of trap through season

23 24 July

24 17 Aug

25 25 August

26 19 September

27 Conclusions BMSB colonize earlier, use hosts more effectively in habitats with prior production (14 d earlier colonization and 2-fold higher density in old vs. new block) Sunflower trap more attractive than cash crops (> 2-fold increase, as compared to cash crops) Trap crop system removed average 112, 213 BMSB (new, old blocks respectively) across the season, delayed colonization and lowered densities for tomato, pepper (late season only)

28 Conclusions BMSB colonize sunflower first and consistantly use the trap even after senescence, then move to okra before other cash crops; no preference for squash First BMSB detection on Northern side (both blocks)

29 Old Block, North

30 Acknowledgements This research was funded in-part through generous support from the U.S.D.A. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Farmer Grant program (Project Number FNE12-759) Thanks to Redbud Farm field crew: Daniel, Paige, Wahid Zainab (and Rosy) and