High Tunnel Winter Greens Production

Transcription

1 Planting Schedules for High Tunnel Winter Greens Production Liz Maynard and Erin Bluhm Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Jan. 4, 2018 Illiana Vegetable Growers Symposium Schererville, Indiana

2 3 Crops -Kale Darkibor -Lettuce Salanova Red and Green Reef -Spinach Gazelle 2 High Tunnels -30 x 48 : 6 beds (30-32 x40.5 ) with 9 plots (30-32 x 54 ) -Organic and Conventional 6 Planting Dates per crop 3 Replications per Planting Date, randomized block design Automated roll-up sides: Open above 70 F, Close below 50 F Row cover over plots below ~25 F (19 g/m2)

3 Rows 8 in. Plants 9 in. Darkibor Kale Seeding Date (in GH) Planting Date (in HT) Aug 1 Aug 30 Aug 15 Sept 15 Aug 29 Sept 29 Sept 7 Oct 14 Sept 23 Oct 28 Oct 7 Nov 11 Aug. 30 PD 4 10/14 PD 6 11/11 PD 5 10/28 PD 1 8/30 PD 2 9/15 PD 3 9/29 HT 1 Photo Nov. 11 Sept. 29 Conventional Organic

4 SEPT 20 HT 1 DEC 28 TRANSPLANTED : AUG 30 FIRST HARVEST : SEPT 29 MAR 10

5 Darkibor Kale - 17 harvests between September and April OCT 17 DEC 20 FEB 1 Leaves harvested with blades at least 8 long Grades : A no hole larger than ¼ diameter B more holes than A, no discoloration Unmarketable and Ground

6 Days to Harvest vs. Planting Date Darkibor Kale Days to harvest increases with later plantings Late Oct-Nov. plantings not ready for harvest until next year Kale (PPAC 2016) Transplant Date First Harvest Date Aug 30 Sept 27 Sept 15 Oct 11 Sept 29 Nov 9 Oct 14 Jan 20 Oct 28 Nov 11

7 Marketable Wt. (lb. per 100 sq.ft.) vs Transplant Date Darkibor Kale (Harvests through ) Yield decreases with later plantings: delay kale transplant to 9-15 from 8-30 and harvest only 67% (2/3rds) as much. Transplant Date Relative Yield $/ 100 sq.ft.* Aug % $ 960 Sept 15 67% $ 641 Sept 29 28% $ 268 Oct 14 4% $ 42 Oct 28 0% $ 0 Nov 11 0% $ 0 *Price of $7/lb. Average at Bloomington, IN, Winter Farmers Market between Nov 28, 2016 and April 30,

8 Rows 6 in. Plants 6 in. Seeding Date (in GH) Lettuce Planting Date (in HT) Aug 1 Aug 30 Aug 15 Sept 15 Sept 7 Oct 14 Jan 4 Feb 7 Jan 20 Feb 21 Feb 4 Mar 8 Aug. 30 PD 4 10/14 HT 1 Photo Nov. 11 Oct. 14 Conventional PD 2 9/15 PD 1 8/30 Organic

9 SEPT 20 DEC 5 TRANSPLANTED : AUG 30 FIRST HARVEST : SEPT 29 JAN 18

10 Green Reef and Salanova Red Lettuce Heads from 8/30 Transplant Date G R~Et-J LETTuC.E REEF ' S'ALANOVA RED 41'1&+1 TllN~EL 1 1,..ElTUCE l'l.antine! DATE.1 - S'ALANOVA RED 41i&+I TllNNEL 1 /6 ' ~ L..ETTtlC l'l.antine! DATE.1. Purr SEPT 27 NOV 10 DEC 1 PURDUE I HORTICULTURE & E X T E N S ION LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

11 Days to Harvest Salanova Red and Green Reef Lettuce in High Tunnels Days to Harvest from Transplant or Seed vs. Transplant Date Transplant First Harvest Last Harvest Aug 30 Sept 27 Dec. 13 Sept 15 Oct 13 Dec. 13 Oct 14 Dec 1 Apr 18 Feb 7 Apr 18 May 23 Feb 21 Apr 18 May 23 Mar 8 May 3 May 23

12 Lb. per 100 sq. ft. Marketable Yield vs. Planting Date Green Reef Lettuce Lb. per 100 sf. ft. per Week Crop is in Ground Planting Date 1 (Aug. 30) had a lot of bolting plants.

13 Lb. per 100 sq. ft. Marketable Yield vs. Planting Date Salanova Red Lettuce Lb. per 100 sf. ft. per Week Crop is in Ground

14 Gazelle Spinach Seed Date (in HT) AUG 31 SEPT 14 SEPT 29 OCT 13 OCT 31 NOV 11 Rows 4 inches apart, 8 rows per bed. Seeded 1 inch apart in rows. PD 5 10/31 PD 6 11/11 PD 1 8/31 PD 2 9/14 PD 3 9/29 PD 4 10/13 HT 1 Photo Nov. 11 HT 1 Photo Oct. 13

15 SEPT 20 NOV 28 FEB 17 PLANTED : AUG 31 FIRST HARVEST : SEPT 28

16 Gazelle Spinach - 18 harvests between September and March Harvest Nov. 29 Harvest Jan. 3 Harvest Jan. 30 Oct. 13 Sep. 29 Oct. 13 Sep. 29 Sep. 29 Sep. 14 Sep. 14 Sep. 14 Aug. 31 Aug. 31 Aug. 31 Leaves harvested with blades at least 7 cm long Grades : A, B, Unmarketable, and Ground

17 Days to Harvest Gazelle Spinach in High Tunnels Days to Harvest from Seeding Seed First Harvest Last Harvest Aug. 31 Sept 27 Mar. 16 Sept 14 Oct 12 Mar. 16 Sept. 29 Nov. 3 Mar. 16 Oct. 13 Nov. 29 Mar. 16 Oct. 31 Feb. 27 Mar. 16 Nov. 11 Mar. 16 Mar. 16

18 Gazelle Spinach Marketable Yield (lb/100 sq.ft.) vs. Seed Date Yield through Mar. 17, 2017 For every day delay in seeding lose 1.54 lb. per 100 sq.ft. For 1 week lose 10.8 lb. per 100 sq.ft. At average spinach price of $10/lb. that is a loss of $108/100 sq. ft.

19 Thank you for your attention. Questions? This project was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service through grant (SCBG ). The contents of this report are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USDA. Collaborators: James Farmer, Project PI, and Analena Bruce, Project Post Doc, Indiana University Bloomington Acknowledgements: Pinney Purdue Ag Center Staff: J. Leuck, M. O Neal, A. Leman HLA Vegetable Crew: D. Oudman

20 TRANSPLANTED : AUG 30 FIRST HARVEST : SEPT 29 PHOTO TAKEN : SEPT 20 TRANSPLANTED : SEPT 29 FIRST HARVEST : NOV 9 PHOTO TAKEN : NOV 28 TRANSPLANTED : NOV 11 FIRST HARVEST : N/A PHOTO TAKEN : MAR 10

21 PLANTED : AUG 31 FIRST HARVEST : SEPT 28 PHOTO TAKEN : SEPT 20 PLANTED : SEPT 29 FIRST HARVEST : NOV 3 PHOTO TAKEN : NOV 28 PLANTED : NOV 11 FIRST HARVEST : MAR 16 PHOTO TAKEN : FEB 17

22 TRANSPLANTED : AUG 30 FIRST HARVEST : SEPT 29 PHOTO TAKEN : SEPT 20 TRANSPLANTED : OCT 14 FIRST HARVEST : DEC 1 PHOTO TAKEN : DEC 5 TRANSPLANTED : MAR 9 FIRST HARVEST : MAY 3 PHOTO TAKEN : MAR 10