Wetlands (OR.WHERE NOT TO DUMP FILL!)

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1 Wetlands (OR.WHERE NOT TO DUMP FILL!)

2 What is a Wetland? The US Army Corps of Engineers and US Environmental Protection Agency define a wetland as: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.

3 Let s break that down. Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water Some wetlands are simply concave areas where water lies for a long period of time. Others are fed by ground water through springs.

4 Let s break that down. at a frequency and duration Not all wetlands are wet all of the time. As a matter of fact, especially in NW PA climates, they are often dry in the late summer months.

5 Let s break that down. sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. The area is wet enough for long enough to allow wetland plants to grow. Wetland plants have very specific water needs. The wet conditions, along with plant growth, change the soils.

6 So how can you identify a wetland? The Corps uses the following characteristics to determine if an area is a wetland: Hydrology Soils Vegetation

7 Hydrology (It s not just standing water ) Army Corps Indicators:

8 Hydrology: Inundation Forest/ELM%20%E2%80%93%20ASH%20%E2%80%93%20MAPLE%20LAKEPLAIN%20FOREST_4.jpg

9 Hydrology: Saturated Upper 12 inches The Squish Factor

10 Hydrology: Watermarks

11 Hydrology: Drift Lines Mostly found near streams

12 Hydrology: Sediment Deposits

13 Hydrology: Water Stained Leaves

14 Soils Army Corps Indicators:

15 Soils: Sulfuric Odor Does it smell like rotten eggs? Soils that are permanently waterlogged and have sulfidic material produce hydrogen sulfide.

16 Soils: Gleyed Color or Low Matrix Chroma Grey color from being saturated for a long period of time Reddish mottles from living roots in a waterlogged soil Photographs from ACOE Delineation Manual

17 Floodways and Floodplains Floodway: The channel of the watercourse and portions of the adjoining floodplains which are reasonably required to carry and discharge the 100-year frequency flood. If not mapped by FEMA, the floodway is considered to by 50 feet from the top of the stream bank.

18 Floodways and Floodplains Floodplain: The lands adjoining a river or stream that have been or may be expected to be inundated by flood waters in a 100-year frequency flood.

19

20 Vegetation Common wetland plants in northwestern Pennsylvania (Beyond cattails but they count too!)

21 Sedges _lupulina_04.jpg lants/deta jpg pecies_images/m/1333.jpg als/carex_vulpinoidea%231297b%232_4 00.jpg

22 Sedges

23 Sedges s1000/Cyperaceae/carex-scoparia-tessellata-ha-mlovit.jpg

24 Jewelweed Skunk Cabbage Also called Touch-Me-Nots unk%20cabbage%20symplocarpus%20foetidus%2 0colony.jpg ons/0/05/skunkcabbage-moss-400x575.jpg

25 Blunt Spike Rush EleocharisPalustrisAspekt.jpg ustris_in_rehovot_vernal_pool.jpg/220px- Eleocharis_palustris_in_Rehovot_vernal_pool.JPG

26 Blue Flag Iris Soft Rush VGRTQwREYyREI6YjAxZDU1YWI4YTdhMTEyZmRiYj lmntzkmtvmzdu3ndi6ojo6oja= s/4/41/iris_versicolor_3.jpg Husby--CC-BY-SA.jpg

27 Sweet Flag Plant looks similar to cattails, but leaves smell sweet when broken C0A8/2935/9FF7/Acorus-calamus.JPG

28 False Nettle Horsetail

29 Arrow Arum Eastern Bur-reed xon-images- 1000s1000/Typhaceae/sparganiumeurycarpum-fr-ahaines-b.jpg jpg

30 Smartweed Soft Stem Bulrush Duck Potato onum_persicaria.jpg hoenoplectus-tabernaemontani-stand.jpg

31 Pickerelweed Lizard s Tail

32 Dark Green Bulrush Deertongue % jpg Scirpus_atrovirens_inflorescence.jpg

33 Redtop Panicgrass Woolgrass Turk s Cap Lily s1000/Cyperaceae/scirpus-cyperinus-ha-mlovit.jpg rkcap_lily3.jpg

34 Swamp Milkweed Nodding Bur Marigold Turtlehead amp-milkweed_0710_ jpg ns-cernua-6002.jpg

35 Joe Pye Weed Boneset Swamp Sunflower _plant.jpg

36 Sneezeweed Cardinal Flower Great Blue Lobelia 16.jpg obelia-cardinalis-cardinal-flower-main.jpg _p17_i1_w775.jpeg

37 Monkey Flower Blue Vervain Meadowsweet s1000/Phrymaceae/mimulus-ringens-ha-gmittelhauser-b.jpg s1000/Verbenaceae/verbena-hastata-fl-dcameron-b.jpg B_NOLL.jpg

38 Sensitive Fern Cinnamon Fern s1000/Onocleaceae/onoclea-sensibilis-le-gmittelhauser-d.jpg

39 Sphagnum Moss Nutsedge /sphagnummoss.jpg 4--cyperus-esculentus-boutiques.jpg

40 Barnyard Grass Fowl Mannagrass Riverbank Wild Rye eae/echinochloa_muricata_bearmeadowsrd_centco_g2_a.jpg ria-striata-fowl-manna-grass_2_505x705.jpg

41 Purple Loosestrife Phragmites e/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/l/y/lythrumsalicaria_1-lge.jpg

42 Red Maple Black Gum

43 Northern White Cedar Sycamore s1000/Cupressaceae/thuja-occidentalis-le-dkausen.jpg ages/thuja-occidentalis.jpg s1000/Platanaceae/platanus-occidentalis-ba-ahaines-a.jpg 240/ML504/ML504_IMG0085.JPG

44 Buttonbush Hazel Alder uct/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d2713 6e95/b/u/buttonbush_istock_ _large.jpg

45 Swamp Loosestrife Spicebush

46 Swamp Rose Winterberry KkkX2CjVZNw/VOze8FRmMEI/AAAAAAAABiM/yyNam0jWm_Y/s1600/Rosa%2Bpalustris%2B2A.JPG QsuJ8pkI/s1600/branches%2Bwith%2Bfruit%2B4.JPG

47 Willows

48 Dogwoods wood-2.jpg?

49 Questions?

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