Cynthia Ocamb, PhD. (Cindy) Plant Pathologist, OSU Extension Associate Professor--Botany & Plant Pathology
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1 Cynthia Ocamb, PhD. (Cindy) Plant Pathologist, OSU Extension Associate Professor--Botany & Plant Pathology
2 2014 Crucifer survey findings Black leg (Phoma lingam) occurs across USA White leaf spot (Pseudocercosporella capsellae) reported as problem in SE USA
3 Light leaf spot (Cylindrosporium concentricum) problem in Europe, Australia, Asia Winter oilseed rape losses due to disease ( Million) Based on Defra-funded Winter Oilseed Rape Pest and Disease Survey Data delivered through CropMonitor ( Data calculated with oilseed rape at a price of 380/t.
4 Found in crucifer survey during 2014: 43 different locations had Black leg (out of 61 examined) 24 sites -- Light leaf spot 17 sites -- White leaf spot Trio of diseases were found in Benton, Linn, Marion, Polk, Washington and Yamhill county
5 Plants found infected with Phoma lingam in western Oregon; fall-planted seed fields unless otherwise noted. County Crop/plant County Crop/plant Benton Fall-planted canola Marion Kale Benton W. Russian Kale Marion Cabbage or collards Benton Mizuna (organic) Marion Russian Kale Benton Kale Marion Fall-planted canola Benton Collards Marion Fall-planted canola Benton Kale Marion Fall-planted canola Benton Volunteer mustard in wheat Marion Forage Brassica Benton Fresh market cabbage (spring sown) Marion Forage Brassica Lane Processing broccoli (spring sown) Marion Western yellow cress (weed) Linn Volunteer mustard in turnip Polk Cabbage Linn Chinese cabbage (spring sown) Polk Fall-planted canola Linn Chinese mustard (spring sown) Polk Fall-planted canola Linn Pak choi (spring sown) Polk Fall-planted canola Linn Turnip Polk Turnip Linn Western yellow cress (weed) Polk Turnip Linn Chinese cabbage (spring sown) Polk Forage Brassica Linn Chinese cabbage (spring sown) Yamhill Volunteer turnip in wheat Marion Forage turnip Yamhill Volunteer turnip Marion Black mustard (weed) Yamhill Fall-planted canola Marion Bird's rape (weed) Yamhill Turnip Marion Bird's rape (weed) Yamhill Turnip Marion Kale
6 Black leg (Phoma lingam)
7 Light leaf spot Cylindrosporium concentricum Light Leaf Spot
8 Light leaf spot Cylindrosporium concentricum
9 White leaf spot Pseudocercosporella capsellae
10 Brassica for seed planted in April White leaf spot Phoma leaf spot (Black leg)
11 Black leg lifecycle
12 Black leg, Light leaf spot, White Leaf spot Ascospores develop on infected plant residues Asexual spores (conidia) spread relatively short distances by rain Cool, moist conditions promote disease Can be seedborne
13 Cultural control of black leg, light leaf spot and white leaf spot is critical for all crucifer growers in the valley to avoid having these diseases become established Fall Black leg & LLS & WLS ascospore release from debris LLS & WLS conidia develop and disperse by rain Winter Spring Summer Black leg ascospore release LLS & WLS conidia optimum for disease intermittent rains & 46 to 59 F LLS & WLS & Black leg conidia Black leg & LLS ascospore release, WLS? LLS & WLS conidia develop Black leg & LLS &WLS sexual stage develops
14 It is imperative that each grower, regardless of whether growing a seed, oilseed, vegetable, forage or cover crop: Incorporate or remove residues as soon as possible after harvest (flailing, shallow or deeper plowing). residues on soil surface are infectious until decomposed Rotate fields out of crucifers for at least three years. Avoid planting adjacent to a field infected the previous seasons.
15 It is imperative that each grower, regardless of whether growing a seed, oilseed, vegetable, forage or cover crop: Eradicate susceptible weeds and control volunteer crucifers. Plant only seed that has been certified to be free of Phoma and has been treated with a fungicide or hot water. Coronet fungicide seed treatment (FRAC Group 7+11). Not registered for use on radish. Studies at WSU showed Coronet is very effective for seedborne P. lingam & other fungi. Dynasty (FRAC Group 11) at 0.1 to 0.38 fl oz/100 lb seed (0.1 to 3.75 fl oz /100 lb seed for canola). Not effective on seedborne P. lingam. Maxim 4FS (FRAC Group 12) at 0.08 to 0.16 fl oz/100 lb seed. Not registered for use on canola. Not effective on seedborne P. lingam. Thiram 50WP (Group M3) at 8 oz/100 lb seed (not labeled for Oregon) or 42-S Thiram (FRAC Group M3) at 8 fl oz/100 lb seed (6.4 fl oz for canola). Not effective on seedborne P. lingam.
16 Foliar fungicides for fall-planted seed fields to protect from black leg: Cabrio EG (FRAC Group 11) for black leg of crucifers. Not for use on canola or rapeseed. Quadris Flowable (FRAC Group 11) is labeled for other fungal diseases on crucifers and will help control black leg. Priaxor Xemium Brand (FRAC Group 7+11) is labeled for other fungal diseases on crucifers and will help control black leg of canola and leafy brassicas only Rovral 4F (FRAC Group 2) for Brassica and Raphanus seed crops (SLN OR , SLN WA ). Not for use in canola/rapeseed. to protect from light leaf spot: Proline 480 SC (FRAC Group 3) at 4.3 to 5.7 fl oz/a for canola only. Most efficacious fungicide group for light leaf spot control in UK studies.
17 Limited Section 3 labels for light leaf spot in crucifer seed crops SLNs are now registered in Oregon for seed trt SLN applications underway for foliar trt PNW Plant Disease Handbook website Black leg (Phoma) Light leaf spot (Cylindrosporium) White leaf spot (Pseudocercosporella)
18 Finding symptomatic plants? Please feel free to contact me: office phone: Black leg (Phoma) Light leaf spot (Cylindrosporium) White leaf spot (Pseudocercosporella)
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