Blueberry Entomology Update. Ash Sial Department of Entomology University of Georgia

Transcription

1 Blueberry Entomology Updte Ash Sil Deprtment of Entomology University of Georgi

2 Economiclly-importnt ctivity periods of rthropod pests* Insect Pest pre-bloom bloom mid-seson pre-hrvest hrvest post-hrvest Bb bud mite Scles Borers Gll midges Thrips Aphids Lefhoppers Crnberry FW Cherry FW Plum curculio BB mggot Spotted wing drosophil White grubs Ground perls *grey brs show period when scouting nd mngement of the pest is most importnt

3 Blueberry Bud Mite Aclitus vccinii Keifer - from Eriophyid fmily of mites White body, 1/128 inch long. Sphericl eggs. Spordic pest. More importnt in southest US Spend fll nd winter under bud scles Leds to mis-formed flowers nd fruit, poor yield Typiclly few mites per bud, but cn be >50 Cultivrs vry in sensitivity Control Posthrvest pruning Lbeled insecticides: bifenthrin, fenpropthrin, crbryl, verdnt horticulturl oils

4 Scles Control: 1-2 pplictions of 2% Dormnt Oil s-needed provide relible control of rmored scle Occsionl soft scle infesttions my be controlled vi oil, Admire, Assil, or OPs to crwlers New product Sivnto

5 Scle mortlity t 1 week (Nov. 4, 2015) Scle mortlity t 1 week (Aug. 18, 2016) % Mortlity b b b b c b b c d

6 Scle mortlity t 2 weeks (Aug 16, 2016) Field Tril 5. Not hedged bushes Field Tril 6. Hedged bushes % Mortlity 100 b b b b b b 60 c b c Coverge is the key to scle control

7 Economiclly-importnt ctivity periods of rthropod pests* Insect Pest pre-bloom bloom mid-seson pre-hrvest hrvest post-hrvest Bb bud mite Scles Borers Gll midges Thrips Aphids Lefhoppers Crnberry FW Cherry FW Plum curculio BB mggot Spotted wing drosophil White grubs Ground perls *grey brs show period when scouting nd mngement of the pest is most importnt

8 mle BLUEBERRY GALL MIDGE ~3 mm femle Femles ly eggs in flower & vegettive buds s bud scle seprte, lte Stge 2 Lrve/mggots Flower buds re susceptible in stges 2, 3 (Februry to Mrch for Rbbiteye) Up to 80% flower bud loss (Lyrene, FL 2004) Midge injury is esily underestimted: Midge-borted flower buds re redily mistken for cold injury or poor pollintion

9 BLUEBERRY GALL MIDGE ~3 mm Monitoring: Collect flower buds 2- to 3-Xs/week, Plce them in zip-lock bgs to monitor for lrvl infesttion Use bucket trps to monitor dult emergence Control: Dizinon erly, followed by SpinTor/Entrust, Delegte or Assil Midge insecticides re protectnts, they do not clen up existing lrvl infesttions, thorough coverge is must Flower bud stge-2 to bloom/fertiliztion is the window of vulnerbility, must protect stge-2 up to bloom when wether is mild Spry to protect buds you think cn be crried to hrvest; petl-fll pps protect the lte blooms

10 FLOWER THRIPS (1-2 mm) Mny species found in blueberry (Frnkliniell spp.) Thrips feed on lef nd flower surfces Active before, during, nd fter bloom (My move from other flowers to blueberry) Feed on the internl prts of flowers, preferring style tissues, reducing pollintion nd fruit set Dmge to Southern highbush up to 60% lower set (GA) Cuse tight curling nd mlformtion of leves

11 FLOWER THRIPS (1-2 mm) Monitoring: Smple 2- to 3Xs/week beginning with Stge 3, Plce bloom clusters in seled bgs to drive thrips from blooms Thresholds: < 2/bloom OK > 2/bloom becoming problemtic, > 6/bloom quite injurious Control: Dizinon erly, followed by SpinTor/Entrust, Delegte or Assil New product Sivnto

12 Economiclly-importnt ctivity periods of rthropod pests* Insect Pest pre-bloom bloom mid-seson pre-hrvest hrvest post-hrvest Bb bud mite Gll midges Thrips Aphids Lefhoppers Scles Borers Crnberry FW Cherry FW Plum curculio BB mggot Spotted wing drosophil White grubs Ground perls *grey brs show period when scouting nd mngement of the pest is most importnt

13 Distribution of SWD in the US BC 1980

14 Spotted Wing Drosophil (SWD) Femle Mle Blck spot on wings Sw-like ovipositor A. A. Sil UGA

15 Brething tubes A. A. Sil UGA

16 Pupe: 3-15 dys Lrve: 3-13 dys One genertion 8-10 dys (25 C) Adults: 59 dys Eggs: 12 hours - 3 dys A. A. Sil UGA

17 SWD Mngement Biologicl control Pheromones Bits nd lures Culturl control Preventtive insecticide pplictions re the primry control strtegy Biology nd ecology

18 2014 summry rnkings of insecticide efficcy ginst SWD 10 sttes, 20 stte x crop combintions Excellent Good Fir Wek No ctivity Informtion provided by Michign Stte University, North Crolin Stte University, Wshington Stte University, University of Mine, University of Cliforni Berkeley, Rutgers University, Oregon Stte University, University of Georgi, Cornell University, nd University of Florid.

19 SWD Mngement Mngement Strtegy Export-friendly, mximum modes of ction Short prehrvest intervl (PHI) Reduced risk Orgnic Weekly rottions Imidn (phosmet), Mlthion 8F, Delegte (spinetorm), nd Dnitol (fenpropthrin) Mustng Mx (zet-cypermethrin) nd Mlthion 8F Delegte nd Exirel (cyntrniliprole) Entrust nd Pygnic

20 Southern Highbush Blueberries SWD Mortlity (%) Untreted Export Friendly Short PHI Reduced Risk Orgnic 0 0 DAT 3 DAT 7 DAT

21 Adult SWD mortlities in different insecticide-phgostimulnt combintions in 0 DAT biossy (cumultive percent mortlity t 3 dys fter relese) No Phgostimulnt Sugr Sugr+yest Percent mortlity *** ** ** * 10 Control Fenpropthrin Cynthrniliprole Phosmet Mlthion Zet-cypermethrin

22 Adult SWD mortlities in different insecticide-phgostimulnt combintions in 3 DAT biossy No Phgostimulnt Sugr Sugr+yest Percent SWD mortlity Control Dnitol Exirel Imidn Mlthion Mustngmx

23 Evlution of insecticides in erly seson (Highbush) blueberries Trde nme Field rte (mximum) 5 gl wter 1 Entrust SC 6 fl oz/cre 17.7 ml 2 PyGnic EC fl oz/cre ml 3 Venerte XC 8 qrts/cre 757 ml 4 Azer 3.5 pints/cre ml 5 OxiDte fl oz/100 gl wter ml 6 Jet-Ag 1 gl/100 gl wter ml 7 AzGurd 16 fl oz/cre 47.3 ml 8 Grndevo 3 lbs/cre 136 g

24 Results: b 0 DAT c 1 st week tretment bc 60 c 40 c 20 3 DAT % Mortlity DAT 7 DAT b b b b b b 20 b 0 0 Tretments

25 Role of djuvnts on the effectiveness of insecticides (Trils conducted on lte seson Rbbiteye blueberries) Trde nme Field rte per cre (for 50 gl wter) Rte for 1 gl wter Entrust SC 6 fl oz/cre 3.54 ml PyGnic EC fl oz/cre ml Azer 3.5 pints/cre ml Grndevo 3 lbs/cre 27.2 gm Nufilm P 6 fl oz/cre 3.54 ml Sugr 3.6 g/l gm Yest 3.6 g/l gm

26 1 st week tretment 100 b b 0 DAT 80 c f def def def f def def cde def def def cd f def def def Ent EntNu EntSu EntSuY Pyg PygNu PygSu PygSuY Grnd GrndNu GrndSu GrndSuY Azer AzerNu AzerSu AzerSuY Cont Nu Su SuY % Mortlity Entrust Pygnic Grndevo Azer Wter Tretments

27 1 st week tretment DAT 80 % Mortlity b bc bc bc c c bc bc bc c bc c bc bc c c bc 0 Ent EntNu EntSu EntSuY Pyg PygNu PygSu PygSuY Grnd GrndNu GrndSu GrndSuY Azer AzerNu AzerSu AzerSuY Cont Nu Su SuY Entrust Pygnic Grndevo Azer Wter Tretments

28 1 st week tretment DAT % Mortlity Pyg PygNu PygSu PygSuY Ent EntNu EntSu EntSuY Grnd GrndNu GrndSu GrndSuY Azer AzerNu AzerSu AzerSuY Cont Nu Su SuY Pygnic Entrust Grndevo Azer Wter Tretments

29 SWD Phenology

30 SWD Phenology Trps were deployed t chosen sites in spring 2015 nd checked weekly through summer 2016 Woodlnd Blueberry field W B F ~10m ~10m ~10-12 bushes 2 3 ~4-6 rows 2 3 Trps: 32oz deli cup Fermenttion bit 10 entry holes Servicing: Seprte smple from bit Quntify D. suzukii Redeploy = Trps

31 D. suzukii/trp/week SWD Phenology Woods Border Field Averge weekly dult SWD cptures (Men±SEM) per trp t ech of the three trpping loctions cross ll seven sites

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35 Alternte Hosts Count/berry/48 hr exposure b A b B f No-choice ssys Egg(s) Adult(s) bcd bcd cde ef ef C f C C C C C C f C C f C f C f C f C f C f C f C SWD oviposition nd dult eclosion per berry (Men ± SEM) in 2015

36 Count/berry/24 hr exposure A de DE bc B Alternte Hosts No-choice ssys b g DE g DE DE cde C e DE ef DE cde D g bcd Egg(s) Adult(s) e DE g DE g E g DE g DE g DE g E g DE SWD oviposition nd dult eclosion per berry (Men ± SEM) in 2016

37 Eggs/berry (%) Alternte Hosts Choice ssys Proportion (%) eggs lid in lterntive species Proportion (%) eggs lid in blueberries Compring D. suzukii oviposition per berry (Men ± SEM) in GA ntive flor species (lterntive species), collected in 2015, to ripe cultivted blueberries.

38 Eggs/berry (%) Alternte Hosts Choice ssys Proportion (%) eggs lid in lterntive species Proportion (%) eggs lid in blueberries Compring SWD oviposition per berry (Men ± SEM) in GA ntive flor species (lterntive species), collected in 2016, to ripe cultivted blueberries.

39 SWD Phenology Common Nme Evergreen Blueberry Deerberry Rubus spp. Lrge Gllberry Common Pokeweed Elderberry Muscdine Americn Beutyberry Red By Lncelef Greenbrier Gllberry Wxmyrtle Myrtlelef Holly Ligustrum spp. Ct Swbrier Scientific Nme Vccinium mysinites Vccinium stmineum Rubus spp. Ilex corice Phytolcc mericn Smbucus cndensis Vitis rotundifoli Cllicrp mericn Perse borboni Smilx smllii Ilex spp. Myric cerifer Ilex myrtifoli Ligustrum spp. Smilx gluc Apr My June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jn Feb Mr Comprison of ripening nd ripe fruit vilbility cross ll seven sites ( ). Gry cells indicte fruit presence in the wooded res

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41 SWD Phenology SWD/trp/week Burn Site Unburnt Site 2015 burn in April

42 SWD Activity in the Field Four sets of nine trps were used in this study One set of trps ws deployed during ech of the four 6hr windows of time: 5:30m 9:30m (Dwn) 9:30m 3:30 pm (Dy) 3:30pm 9:30pm (Dusk) 9:30pm 5:30m (Night) SWD Trp counts were recorded fter one week

43 SWD Activity in the Field

44 Cnopy Mngement Temperture ( C) Fruit Temperture (Inside) A A B 0 Stndrd Hevy Light PAR (Below) A PAR Vlues B C Stndrd Hevy Light Pruning Tretment

45 Cnopy Mngement Percent Puption A Percent Puption B C C Control Light Stndrd Hevy 50 Percent Eclosion 40 A Percent Eclosion B 0 C C Control Light Stndrd Hevy Pruning Tretment

46 Floor Mngement Percent Puption A Percent Puption B b B b Below Above B b Control Bre Brk Weed Percent Eclosion A Percent Eclosion B b B b B b Control Bre Brk Weed Mulching Tretment

47 Floor Mngement Percentge of femle progeny Percent Femle A Below Above AB B b b B b Control Bre Brk Weed Mulching Tretment

48 SUMMARY Adult SWD flies cn be trpped yer round Wooded res seem to serve s popultion reservoirs A number of wild plnt species present in wooded res cn serve s hosts of SWD Burning in the wooded res reduces SWD popultions in the short-term Opening the blueberry cnopy by hevy pruning cn lower SWD infesttions A number of conventionl insecticides re effective ginst SWD but repeted ppliction my result in: Insecticide resistnce Secondry pests Mjority of SWD ctivity in the field occurs during dwn nd dusk, nd mking insecticide pplictions during these times will result in much better control of SWD

49 SUMMARY Orgnic mngement remins chllenge A multistte consortium will conduct further reserch sponsored by NIFA through OREI Scles, thrips nd gll midge re the most importnt secondry pest issues: Frequent smpling is necessry to determine infesttion levels nd mke control pplictions A number of insecticides including JMS Stylet Oil, Dmoil, Admire, Assil, nd the new products Sivnto nd Centur re effective ginst scles Spry timing nd coverge re key to good control Do not pply oil when tempertures re expected to be higher thn 65 F or lower thn 30 F within 24 hours Do not use within 14 dys of lime-sulfur or Cptn

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53 Sustinble Spotted Wing Drosophil Mngement for United Sttes Fruit Crops USDA Ntionl Institute for Food nd Agriculture (NIFA) Specilty Crops Reserch Inititive (SCRI) Awrd number Four yers: 15 Sept 2015 through 14 Sept 2019

54 Project prticipnts NC Stte University Hnnh Burrck, Entomology Mx Scott, Entomology Zck Brown, Ag & Resource Economics Jen-Jques Debois*, SIPMC Rhond Conlin*, Extension IT Michign Stte University Rufus Iscs, Entomology Lrry Gut, Entomology Ke Dong, Entomology University of Mine Frnk Dummond University of Notre Dme Zin Syed University of Georgi Ash Sil Oregon Stte University Vughn Wlton Peter Sherer Cornell University Greg Loeb Miguel Gomez Rutgers University Cesr Rodriguez-Son University of Cliforni, Dvis Jonn Chiu Frnk Zlom University of Cliforni, Berkeley Kent Dne USDA-ARS Kim Hoelmer Stkeholder dvisory bord members (14)

55 Development nd Implementtion of Systems Bsed Orgnic Mngement Strtegies for Spotted Wing Drosophil Orgnic Agriculture Reserch nd Extension Inititive (OREI) USDA Ntionl Institute of Food nd Agriculture (NIFA) Awrd No (09/ /2018)

56 Project Tem University of Georgi Ash Sil Oregon Stte University Vughn Wlton Michign Stte University Mtt Grieshop Rufus Iscs University of Minnesot Mry Rogers University of Arknss Donn Johnson, Entomology Jennie Popp, Agri. Economics University of Cliforni, Dvis Frnk Zlom University of Florid Oscr Liburd North Crolin Stte University Hnnh Burrck University of Mrylnd Kelly Hmby University of Wisconsin Christelle Guedot USDA-ARS Trcy Leskey Jn Lee

57 Webinr on Wednesdy, Jnury 25, 2017 (1:00-3:00pm EST) An updte on SWD Mngement Webinr on Wednesdy, Februry 1, 2017 (1:00-3:00pm EST) An updte on Orgnic Mngement of SWD

58 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Renee Hollnd _ Are Blueberry Agent Jmes Jcobs _ Pierce County Agent Will Lovett _ Bcon County Agent Shne Curry _ Appling County Agent John Ed Smith & Bob Bolnd (MBG) Josh (Reserch Frm) Summer Student Assistnts Grower Coopertors Georgi Blueberry Growers Assocition Blueberry Commodity Commission Georgi Deprtment of Ag Southern Regionl IPM Center Privte Industry Collbortors MBG