Propagation of Pawpaw and All Year Grafting. Marko Viher, Slovenia

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1 Propagation of Pawpaw and All Year Grafting Marko Viher, Slovenia

2 Slovenia, Europe 20,273 square kilometers (7,827 sq mi) Population 2.06 million Rich flora of 3560 ferns and seed plants Richest flora per sq mile, average1 plant at each 2,2 sq mile.

3 Marko Viher Studied Agriculture at the University of Maribor Worked at Tree Nurserys and Arboretums in the Netherlands and Belgium Worked for the Botanical Garden of the University of Maribor, Slovenia Faculty employee of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Maribor Production Manager at Ocean Orchids: At 10 Acre (4 ha) yearly production of 2 milion tropical Phalaenopsis Orchids.

4 Marko Viher Private Arboretum with over 1000 different plants. Tree Nursery for special plants including 50 cultivars Pawpaw. License for Peterson Pawpaws

5 Pawpaw in Slovenia 3 commercial Orchards Production at Drevesnica Marko Viher Active internet forum and yearly meetings of Pawpaw lovers. Research of Pawpaw for production of Asimicin and natural insecticide

6 Pawpaw Propagation 1997 First Pawpaw planted at the Garden Started Propagation of Pawpaw at Ocean Orchids First Graftings Peterson Pawpaws License.

7 Pawpaw Seeds Origin: Seeds imported from America. Foraging seeds at home.

8 Pawpaw Seeds Stratification: Medium Peat Moss. Minimum 100 days at <5ºC (<41ºF) days at 28ºC (82ºF)

9 Pawpaw Sowing Substrate: 45% Peat Moss 30% Perlite 2-6 mm 25% Vermiculite 2-6 mm 2,2 kg/m3 Osmocote

10 Pawpaw Sowing Sowing: Temperature 28ºC (82ºF) Nursery tray from Herkuplast Quickpot 12 T/18 Air pruning system Sowing using only germinated seeds. Light PAR = 190 µmol / m2/ s PAR sum = 6 mol / m2

11 Pawpaw Sowing Problems: Seeds origin and transportation Clean trays and substrate Pests control Thrips Thiamethoxan

12 Pawpaw Sowing Problems: Overwintering of seedlings: Temperature must be low enough Light intensity must be high enough

13 Pawpaw sowing 16th April 25th April 7th May 16th May 6th June 6th August

14 Pawpaw Sowing Selecting mutations and other ornamental specialities. Testing for stability.

15 Pawpaw Sowing Pawpaw seedling from a trey 70 cm (28 inch) high

16 Pawpaw Sowing Pawpaw seedling transplanted into 2 l (122 in³) pot. 1 m (40 inch) high

17 Pawpaw Sowing Rootstock ready for grafting 1 year old seedlings ¼ of them were 1 m (40 inch) high Good root system

18 Grafting Pawpaw Grafting technique: Side grafting Chip-budding

19 Grafting Pawpaw Mother plants: Healthy (Scale) Are grown either at orchards or indoor No herbicide (Glyfosate)

20 Grafting Pawpaw Scion Wood: Collecting scion wood at the correct time winter after frosts Storage must be wet and cold Waxing cutting wounds Collecting at grafting time for late Summer grafting

21 Grafting Pawpaw Side Grafting Used in The Netherlands All year technique Wrapped Grafting elastic Plastic stripes Parafilm Waxing Winter Covering the Graftings with foil 18th August inch (70-80 cm)

22 Grafting Pawpaw Chip Budding Spring until Autumn Correct Rootstock watering Wrapped Plastic stripes Parafilm- cover also the bud

23 Grafting Pawpaw Chip Budding Shorten the Rootstock Cut the Rootstock after grafting the right time Tie the growing Bud On stick On Rootstock Herman Meyer Clip

24 Grafting Pawpaw Splice Grafting Winter grafting Wrapped Plastic stripes Grafting elastic Waxing Winter

25 Summer budded Pawpaw Grafting Pawpaw 1th August 11th August th March th August 2016

26 Future Research Sowing Influence of EM Micro-organisms Influence of Mycorrhiza Influence of the Moon and Planetary phases

27 Future Research Hot Callusing: Extends winter grafting, from december. Low costs for heating High growing rate of difficult plants (Juglans, Quercus)

28 Premium Pawpaw Plants Find some special interest in your life. Learn from the best people. Try to be the best on the planet. And people will search for your work. -Jelena de Belder Kovačič Thank you.