IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS A. AESTHETICS

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1 IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS A. AESTHETICS This section provides a discussion of the visual character of the project site and surrounding area and an analysis of potential visual character, scenic vista and light and glare (both artificial and natural) effects associated with implementation of the proposed project. 1. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING a. Existing Visual Characteristics and Scenic Views PA 1, PA 3, and PA 4 are currently developed with various educational and recreational uses, while PA 2 is currently vacant and undeveloped as described in Section II, Project Description. The project site is located in an urbanized area. Figure IV-1 on page IV-4 identifies the locations from which photographs were taken in order to visually depict the project site, including PA 1, PA 2A and PA 2B, PA 3, and PA 4, as well as surrounding areas. Scenic views in the immediate project area are somewhat limited due to the gently sloping topography of the area and existing development that extends to the north, west and south of the project site. The greatest variation in topography in the project vicinity occurs to the east of the project site, where residential areas rise above the Pacoima Wash. In addition, residential areas to the north of the project site are also somewhat elevated above the project site. Both of these areas have views of various portions of the project site as discussed below. Overall, scenic vistas in the project area include the San Gabriel Mountains that rise above the project area to the distant north, the Pacoima Wash, and to a lesser extent, portions of the County Recreation Area. (1) Project Site Photograph 1 of Figure IV-2 on page IV-5, taken from the intersection of Hubbard Street/Eldridge Avenue, represents a view of the eastern portion of PA 1, the LAMC campus. Hubbard Street is depicted in the left of the photograph, the existing Library/Learning Resource Center is located in the center, and the Instructional/Administration building is slightly visible on the right. The LAMC main signage situated at the corner of Eldridge and Hubbard can be seen in the foreground of the photo, along with turf grass and ornamental plantings. Photograph 2 of Figure IV-2 is a view of PA 1 taken further north along Hubbard Street, looking in a northeast Page IV-3

2 Gavina Avenue Lexicon Avenue Garrick Avenue PA1 Hubbard Street PA4 4 Los Angeles Mission College El Cariso Regional Park 3B El Cariso Golf Course Simshaw Avenue 3A PA3 Single-Family Residential A Gridley Street Sylmar Independent Baseball League Fields Pacoima Wash Harding 10 Via San Miguel Street Santiago Estates PA2 Via Serena Eldridge Avenue 16 Mountain Glen Terrace Drive Single-Family Residential 2B 9 Vista del Sol Drive Harding Street Maclay 7 Street N Feet Source: PCR Services Corporation, Figure IV-1 Photograph Location Map Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

3 Hubbard Street Library/Learning Resource Center LAMC Main Signage Instructional/ Administration Building Photograph 1: View from northeast corner of Hubbard Street/Eldridge Avenue looking northeast onto PA 1. San Gabriel Mountains Library/Learning Resource Center Instructional/ Administration Building Hubbard Street Photograph 2: View from sidewalk along Hubbard Street looking northeast onto PA 1. Figure IV-2 Site Photographs Source: PCR Services Corporation, Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

4 direction. The Library/Learning Resource Center can be seen prominently, and the Instructional/Administration building is located to the right in the photograph. The San Gabriel Mountains located north of the site can be viewed from this vantage point, as shown in the background of the photo. Photograph 3 of Figure IV-3 on page IV-7 depicts the central portion of PA 1 as viewed from the northern edge of the campus quad/gathering area, looking south. Existing buildings shown in this photograph include the two-story Campus Center to the left, the one-story Instructional/Administration building in the center, and the three-story Library/Learning Resources Center to the right. The main quad area, as indicated in the photo, is covered with turf grass and includes a few large ornamental trees. Photograph 4, Figure IV-3, is taken from the center of PA 1, looking northeast. Existing buildings depicted in this photograph include the temporary Child Development Center, Health Trailer, and Plant Facilities. Photograph 5 of Figure IV-4 on page IV-8 is taken from Eldridge Avenue, looking north toward the main campus driveway and east parking lot. Temporary classrooms can be seen in the background. Photograph 6 of Figure IV-4 depicts the baseball field located in PA 3B. The existing light poles are visible in the foreground of this photograph, as well as the mountains in the background. Photograph 7 of Figure IV-5 on page IV-9 is a view looking east across PA 2B. PA 2B is currently vacant and undeveloped, primarily covered with chaparral and sagebrush scrub vegetation, with a few patches of mule fat and southern willow scrub. Photograph 8, of Figure IV-5, is a view from the northern edge of PA 2A, looking south across the project area. This site is currently vacant as well; it is primarily covered with non-native grassland, with patches of California sagebrush scrub. The existing residential uses located across Pacoima Wash to the east (left portion of photo) can be seen from this vantage point. Photograph 9, Figure IV-6 on page IV-10 is taken from the Mountain Glen Terrace residential development main entrance at Harding Street looking in a northwest direction across Harding Street and onto PA 2A and PA 2B of the project site. Photograph 10, Figure IV-6 is a view from the Santiago Estates residential development looking southwest across Pacoima Wash toward PA 2. Photograph 11, Figure IV-7 on page IV-11 is a view from the sidewalk along Hubbard Street looking southeast toward the existing El Cariso Community Regional County Park softball fields (PA 4). As shown, these ball fields contain night lighting and are primarily covered with turf grass. Photograph 12, Figure IV-7 is a view from the northwest edge of PA 4 looking southeast across the softball fields. The Campus Services Center adjacent to PA 4 can be seen in the right of this photo. Page IV-6

5 Campus Center Instructional/ Administration Building Library/Learning Resource Center Photograph 3: View from PA 1 looking south at the campus quad area. Health Trailer San Gabriel Mountains Plant Facilities Photograph 4: View from central portion of PA 1 looking northeast. Figure IV-3 Site Photographs Source: PCR Services Corporation, Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

6 San Gabriel Mountains Surface Parking Temporary Classrooms Main Campus Drive Photograph 5: View from LAMC main entrance looking northeast towards east Parking Lot and Temporary Classrooms. PA3B San Gabriel Mountains Picnic/Pavilion Photograph 6: View from El Cariso Park looking north at baseball field in PA 3B. Figure IV-4 Site Photographs Source: PCR Services Corporation, Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

7 Mountain Glen Terrace Photograph 7: View from Harding Street looking northeast at PA 2B, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-owned parcel. Mountain Glen Terrace PA 2A Harding Street Photograph 8: View from northwest corner of PA 2A looking southeast toward District-owned PA 2A. Figure IV-5 Site Photographs Source: PCR Services Corporation, Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

8 Harding Street PA 2A Harding Street PA 2B Mountain Glen Terrace Entrance Photograph 9: View from eastern side of Harding Street looking northwest at PA 2. Project Site RV Parking Photograph 10: View from Santiago Estates looking southwest at PA 2. Figure IV-6 Site Photographs Source: PCR Services Corporation, Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

9 Baseball Field Child Development Center Campus Services on PA1 El Cariso Park Surface Parking Hubbard Street Sloping Topography Photograph 11: View from eastern sidewalk along Hubbard Street looking southeast toward PA 4. Collaborative Studies Baseball Field Campus Services on PA1 Photograph 12: View from eastern sidewalk Hubbard street looking east toward PA 4. Figure IV-7 Site Photographs Source: PCR Services Corporation, Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

10 Photograph 13, Figure IV-8 on page IV-13, is a view from the corner of Hubbard Street/ Eldridge Avenue looking off-site, southwest of PA 1. This photo depicts the existing residential uses located along Hubbard Street. Photograph 14, Figure IV-8 is a view from Eldridge Avenue looking off-site to the adjacent uses located south of PA 1. This photo depicts the existing single-family residential uses located along Eldridge Avenue, across from PA 1, the LAMC campus. Photograph 15, Figure IV-9 on page IV-14 looks easterly across Pacoima Wash onto the residential communities of Mountain Glen Terrace and Santiago Estates. The northern perimeter of PA 2 is indicated to the right and the SIBL ball fields can be seen to the left. Photograph 16, Figure IV-9 is a similar view from the southern perimeter of PA 2 looking southeast toward neighboring RV parking and Mountain Glen Terrace. (2) Adjacent Development The visual characteristics of land uses adjacent to the project site are represented in the photographs provided in Figure IV-5 (Photographs 7 and 8) on page IV-9 and Figure IV-7 (Photographs 11 and 12) on page IV-11. As shown in the aerial photograph on Figure IV-1, the project site is surrounded by a predominantly residential area. It is directly bounded by singlefamily and multi-family residential development to the north, south, and west, the Pacoima Wash to the east, and additional single-family residential uses further to the east. Specifically, singlefamily homes border PA 1, the LAMC campus, fronting Eldridge Avenue, and a mix of singlefamily and multi-family units (condominiums and apartments) front Hubbard Avenue, across from El Cariso Community Regional County Park and the LAMC campus. The SIBL fields (approximately eight ball fields) are located northeast of the project site, directly north of PA 2A. Pacoima Wash, which runs in a north-south direction, is a shallow basin located east of PA 2A and 2B. Single-family homes, including the Mountain Glen Terrace development, are located further east beyond Pacoima Wash and along the hillsides to the north (Santiago Estates). El Cariso Golf Course consists of approximately 84.9 acres and is located south of PA 3, west of PA 2A and 2B, and east of PA 1 and PA 4. The golf course is located on gently sloping land with no distinctive or significant slopes. The 18-hole golf course has a lighted driving range, three putting greens and a two-story clubhouse. Page IV-12

11 Residential Eldridge Avenue Residential Hubbard Street Photograph 13: View from corner of Hubbard Street/Eldridge Avenue looking southwest toward off-site residential uses. Residential Residential Eldridge Avenue Photograph 14: View from corner of LAMC Campus Drive/Eldridge Avenue looking west toward off-site residential uses. Figure IV-8 Site Photographs Source: PCR Services Corporation, Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

12 SIBL Fields San Gabriel Mountains Santiago Estates Mountain Glen Terrace PA 2 Photograph 15: View from off-site Sylmar Independent Baseball League (SIBL) Fields/PA 2 looking southeast. Santiago Estates San Gabriel Mountains RV Parking Mountain Glen Terrace Photograph 16: View from eastern perimeter of PA 2 looking east at off-site residential uses. Figure IV-9 Site Photographs Source: PCR Services Corporation, Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

13 b. Light and Glare (1) Light Descriptors The following discussion, which is visually illustrated on Figure IV-10 on page IV-16, is an explanation of light terminology that will be utilized within this section to describe lighting effects: Light: A light source emits luminous power that is measured in candlepower (cp). One cp was originally defined as the equivalent in luminous intensity of one wax candle, although a more precise definition based on radiation from a heated black body is now used in light analyses. The cp of a typical low-beam vehicle headlight is approximately 12,000 cp. A lumen is the luminous power, or illumination, cast by a one-cp light source on an area of one square foot, measured at a distance of one foot from the light source. The unit used to measure illumination, or light intensity, is the footcandle (fc). A footcandle is defined as the amount of light received by one square foot of a surface that is one foot from a point source of light equivalent to one candle of a certain type. Illumination is dependent on the illuminated surface s distance from, and angle with respect to, the light source. 36 The primary objective of lighting design is to provide a specific level of illumination on a task, often defined as the work plane (e.g., a ball field). As a point of reference, the illuminance of a typical street light is approximately 4.0 to 5.0 fc, and the illuminance of a parking lot light is 1.0 fc. 37 With respect to outdoor lighting, a luminaire (often referred to as a light fixture) is a lighting device that consists of one or more lamps or light sources, a fixture that positions and shields those sources, components that distribute the light and elements that connect the lamp to the power source. Typically, luminaires do not radiate light of equal intensity in all directions because of the characteristics of the lamps or the geometry of the fixtures. Visibility: An object is visible to an observer because of the light it reflects, and the observer interprets the intensity of the sensation experienced as brightness. Luminance or photometric brightness is the measure of reflected energy emitted from a specific source in a specific direction over a standard area The illuminance on a work plane normal to the direction of a point light source is calculated as fc=cp/d 2, where D=distance, in feet, from the work plane to the light source. For a work plane at an angle θ to the direction of the light source, the illuminance is defined as fc=cp sin θ/d 2. Greg Winchell, Musco Lighting, Inc., January Page IV-15

14 1 Foot Footcandle Meter Useful Light Spill Light Glare Zone Direct Glare Visibility Ballfield (area intended to be lit) No scale PCR Services Corporation Figure IV-10 Illustration of Light Terms Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

15 Spill Light: Spill light is the light that shines beyond the area intended for illumination. It is caused by the uncontrolled direct component from luminaires or light reflected from the work plane (e.g., a playing field). Spill light, often referred to as light trespass, may be invasive and considered a source of intrusion on adjoining properties. Glare: Glare is the sensation produced by luminance within the visual field that is sufficiently greater than the luminance to which the eyes are adapted. It occurs when a bright source causes the eye to continually be drawn toward the bright image or the brightness of the source prevents the viewer from adequately viewing the intended target. This has the potential to cause annoyance, discomfort, or the loss of visual performance and visibility. When background luminance is greater than that of the task being performed, glare results. Glare can be generated directly by light sources shining into areas where illumination is unwanted or indirectly as reflected light from a direct source. (2) Project Site The project site has a mix of nighttime illumination sources associated with an urban area. The existing school facilities in PA 1, as well as El Cariso Community Regional County Park, contain security and parking lot lighting. In addition, the fields of PA 3B and PA 4 are equipped with ball field lighting. Relative to sports field lighting, footcandle and uniformity standards have been established by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES) for different recreational classes of competitive sports. Based in part on these standards, as well as the County s desire to minimize the amount of light spill into adjacent areas and maintain adequate security and safety in County park facilities, the Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation implements its own set of lighting standards. Advances in expert lighting have allowed for standards to be met while minimizing the amount of spill light. Thus, the current fields are equipped with Level-8 ball field light fixtures and are sited in particular locations in accordance with County standards. A total of 14 Level-8 light poles are sited at PA 4. PA 2 is not lit, as it is currently vacant and undeveloped. Nighttime illumination within the project site also includes lighting generated by streetlights along Eldridge Avenue, Hubbard Street, and Harding Street, as well as transient lighting from automobiles traveling along these roadways. Glare from the existing buildings located on PA 1 is minimal, as the materials are nonreflective and do not extend off-site. (3) Adjacent Development To the north, south, and west of the project site, as well as east of Pacoima Wash, there are sources of evening illumination associated with residential uses that surround the site. In Page IV-17

16 addition, the driving range at El Cariso Golf Course is illuminated for play until closing (6:00 P.M. on Tuesdays and 7:00 P.M. on Wednesdays through Mondays). Ambient light sources include parking lot lighting, building security lighting, and building signage lighting. The surrounding streets of Eldridge Avenue, Hubbard Street, and Harding Street also have streetlights, and automobiles traveling along these streets represent transient light sources. Glare from existing buildings is minimal. c. Policy and Regulatory Environment (1) County of Los Angeles General Plan The following County of Los Angeles General Plan policy relates to aesthetics: Protect the visual quality of scenic areas including ridgelines and scenic views from public roads, trails and key vantage points. This policy was established to address the need to protect scenic resources from unsightly development and urban sprawl. (2) Sylmar Community Plan of the City of Los Angeles General Plan Chapter III, Land Use Plan Policies, of the Sylmar Community Plan area in which the project site is located identifies land use goals, objectives, policies, and programs for the Sylmar Community Plan area of the City of Los Angeles. While not applicable to the County portion of the project (PA 2 and PA 3), several of the policies relate to aesthetics, views, or light and glare and can be applied to the development of other LACCD areas of the proposed project (PA 1 and PA 4), including the following: 38 Preserve existing views of hillside and mountainous areas (Policy 1-3.3). Require that any proposed development be designed to be compatible with adjacent development (Policy 1-6.4). Development to the extent feasible shall preserve the view of the hillsides and the community s scenic highways viewshed (Policy 1-6.7). All park and recreation facilities should be designed, landscaped, and maintained to promote a high quality recreational experience (Policy 4-4.3). 38 While the project incorporates institutional and recreational facilities, due to the site s location near residential areas, several of the land use policies for residential development presented within the Community Plan may also be applied to the project site. Page IV-18

17 Ensure that parks are adequately illuminated for safe use at night (Policy 4-5.1). Encourage the retention of passive and visual open space which provides a balance to the urban development of the Community (Policy 5-1.1). Encourage compatibility in school locations, site layout and architectural design with adjacent land uses and community character and, as appropriate, use schools to create a logical transition and buffer between different uses, e.g., multiple family residential vs. single family residential or commercial vs. residential (Policy 6-2.1). Additionally, the Land Use Chapter of the Community Plan recognizes the need for continued improvement and modernization of public facilities, such as educational and recreational facilities, in order to enhance services and accommodate the changing demands of the community at large. Chapter V, Urban Design, of the Sylmar Community Plan lays out general policies for community design and identifies broad design standards directed at individual projects. The design standards and guidelines also advise projects, including public development projects, to incorporate specific elements of good design. The intent is to promote a stable and pleasant environment, with desirable character, for the residents and uses of the community. In addition, these standards ensure that new development makes a positive aesthetic contribution to the built environment. The Design Standards establish the minimum level of design that should be observed within the Community Plan area. Applicable standards include the following: Screening of Features Screen trash storage areas from the view of public streets by solid walls or fences, not less than 6 feet high (Standard 1). Design wall material to be compatible with exterior building material (Standard 2). Screen all heating, ventilation, air conditioning equipment and ducts and any other equipment or appurtenances located on roofs from the view of any adjoining public street, unless such appurtenances are used as integral elements of the project s design (Standard 3). Locate and/or screen all loading areas from view of any adjoining public streets or walkways in residential or commercial zones (Standard 4). Page IV-19

18 Exterior Elevations, Wall and Fences Provide full architectural treatment, similar in architectural style, materials and details with the main building façade, on all sides of buildings which are visible from adjacent lots or streets (Standard 1). Graffiti Minimize places for graffiti by planting shrubs or surface clinging vines in front of solid fences and walls (excluding building walls) facing public rights-of-way (Standard 1). Paint solid walls or fence surfaces accessible to public view with a washable Graffiti-Proof paint or other protective materials (Standard 3). Parking Lot Landscaping Plant 24-inch box shade trees at a ratio of 1 tree for each 4 parking spaces on a surface parking lot. These trees should be distributed throughout the parking lot so as to shade at least 50 percent of the parking lot within 10 years of planting (Standard 1). Provide a three and one-half foot wall and a five foot landscaped area on surface parking lots as a buffer from the public right-of-way (Standard 2). Provide a minimum wall height of 6 feet where surface parking abuts a residential area, to buffer the parking from the residential use (Standard 3). Parking Structures The walls of any parking structure and that portion of any structure used for parking shall substantially screen vehicles in the structure from public view from a public street; e.g., through the use of planters and berms (Standard 1). The walls of the parking structure shall be compatible in color, material and architectural detail with the building it serves and with adjacent existing buildings (Standard 2). Page IV-20

19 2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS a. Methodology and Significance Thresholds (1) Methodology (a) Visual Character and Scenic Vistas The evaluation of visual character impacts is based upon the potential for the project to result in changes to the site s aesthetic character and the relationship of these changes to the surrounding environment. The visual character of the surrounding area was identified through field surveys, photographic interpretation, topographic analysis, and analysis of historic development patterns. The evaluation of impacts on scenic vistas is based upon the project s potential to result in changes to the visual accessibility of unique visual resources within and near the project site, as perceived by the public (e.g., motorists and pedestrians on nearby streets) and private citizens (e.g., residents and property owners in the vicinity). Thus, this analysis addresses the degree to which proposed development may obstruct or detract from existing views of unique or scenic resources from representative viewing locations. In general, the views analysis is closely tied to topography and distance from the view resource. The identification of available views within the project site and surrounding area was accomplished through field surveys, photographic documentation, and topographic analysis as discussed in greater detail below. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Visual Contrast Rating methodology was used as a guide to evaluate the impact of the proposed project on the site s current visual character as well as the project s impacts on existing scenic vistas. The Visual Contrast Rating analyzed the visual contrast created between the project and the existing landscape, and incorporated field reconnaissance, review of site photographs, evaluation of the proposed building footprints and elevations for the proposed construction projects, review of computer simulations, and subsequent completion of individual visual contrast rating sheets. 39 When using the BLM analysis, typically, viewpoints or key observation points (KOP) are selected along commonly traveled routes or at other likely locations from which the project can be seen by viewer groups. Figure IV-11 on page IV-22 shows the location of the three KOPs selected for analysis of the visual contrast of the proposed project. These viewpoints are generally representative of the most commonly traveled routes and other locations from which most viewer groups would observe change in the landscape. 39 Bureau of Land Management, Visual Resource Contrast Rating, BLM Handbook (January 1986). Page IV-21

20 Gavina Avenue Garrick Avenue Lexicon Avenue Hubbard Street El Cariso Regional Park Simshaw Avenue PA4 KOP 3 3B 3A Gridley Street PA1 Via San Miguel Los Angeles Mission College PA3 KOP 1 El Cariso Golf Course 2A Harding Street Via Serena PA2 Eldridge Avenue Drive 2B KOP 2 Vista del Sol Drive Harding Street Maclay Street N Feet Source: PCR Services Corporation, Figure IV-11 Selected Key Observation Points Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

21 To assess the anticipated visual contrasts between the existing landscape condition and the proposed project at each of the KOPs, basic features including landform, water, vegetation, and structures and basic elements including form, line, color, and texture were used were evaluated based on the BLM Handbook To describe the landform and water features of the existing condition and the proposed project condition, the vertical and horizontal attributes are noted; grades, slopes, and drainage patterns are described; and the color of the surface materials is identified. The characteristics of the vegetation type, size (height and density), location, and color also are noted. Additionally, the location, size, type, form, texture, and color of structures are described. A synopsis of the handbook s description of the basic elements form, line, color, and texture and contrast rating criteria are provided in Appendix C. While the contrast rating is used to evaluate the degree of contrast or change in the visual environment, KOP evaluation factors are used to judge the impact of that contrast or change on a viewer group. The impact of the visual contrast will also vary depending upon KOP evaluation factors such as the angle of observation, duration of view, relative size and scale, season of use, light conditions, recovery time, spatial relationships, atmospheric conditions, and motion. These factors are described in Appendix C. The BLM contrast rating sheets completed for each KOP are presented in Appendix C. These rating sheets were completed based on review of figures that graphically presented the proposed project within the existing landscape using a visual simulation. The visual simulation was used to portray the relative scale and extent of the proposed project by superimposing the conceptual design plans for the proposed project onto photograph of the existing landscape. Existing condition and visual simulation photographs for each KOP are presented side-by-side in the analysis for ease of comparison. 40 (b) Light and Glare The assessment of potential illumination impacts is based on an evaluation of changes to on-site land uses and nighttime lighting sources and the resulting effects on identified sensitive receptors. An analysis of the potential for an increase in ambient light levels and light spillover onto off-site light-sensitive uses was conducted. Nearby sensitive receptors were identified through review of an aerial photograph (refer to Figure IV-11) and during a survey of the area. 40 The visual simulations were prepared by VisionScape Imagery. Photographs were taken by VisionScape Imagery in October The CAD architectural and engineering data files containing the conceptual design plans for the proposed project were used to develop the visual simulations, which were completed on November 18, Page IV-23

22 The evaluation of existing glare conditions associated with the project site includes visual observations of the site. The potential for substantial changes to existing glare generation from future development of the site was then evaluated. Nearby receptors sensitive to glare exposure were identified through a windshield survey of the area and review of the aerial photograph. (2) Significance Thresholds The District has design and construction responsibilities over the entire project, and longterm operations and maintenance responsibility over PA 1 (LAMC Campus) and PA 4 (LAMC Expansion Parcel). The County of Los Angeles will operate and maintain the recreational component of the proposed project, which includes PA 2 (Parkland Expansion Parcels) and PA 3 (El Cariso Park Improvements). Both the District and the County use the CEQA Guidelines Appendix G questions as guidance for determining the significance of an environmental impact. Thus, using CEQA Guidelines Appendix G as a foundation for this impact analysis, the impact on aesthetics and visual resources will be considered significant if the proposed project: Would have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista; Would substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway; Would substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings; or Would create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area. b. Project Design Features (1) PA 1 and PA 4 (LAMC Campus and LAMC Campus Expansion Parcel) The project proposes to expand and improve college facilities at LAMC and recreational amenities at the El Cariso County Recreation Area. The project would add and develop County parkland in advance of expanding the college campus onto adjoining park property. It would also construct new educational facilities on the existing campus, improve some of the existing educational facilities, and provide recreational amenities in the existing and expanded park areas. The project is designed to enhance the existing college campus environment through a development plan that integrates new building construction with existing campus development. Page IV-24

23 It is expected that the buildings would be designed in a style reflective of the existing academic buildings that define the visual appearance of the campus, particularly existing buildings such as the Library/Learning Resources Center, the Instructional/Administrational building, and the Campus Center. These buildings consist primarily of masonry siding with accent architectural details and smooth materials with light and neutral colors that are used to highlight building features and provide visual interest. Accent materials include tiles, painted metal, or wrought iron finished to complement the primary building materials and colors. The project also proposes the Arroyo Plan, which creates a visual and physical link between the existing features on the campus and proposed new ones. The overall Facilities Master Plan layout has been organized by this Arroyo feature in that it would bond existing and proposed new features on the campus through the use of open space amenities. Acting as a transition from the existing formal side of the campus created by the pedestrian grid and building layout to the proposed more informal side of the campus, the Arroyo would introduce meandering pedestrian walkways and footbridges within a curvilinear greenbelt with water detention capabilities. Storm water would flow naturally within the Arroyo, across the campus to a detention pond that would be constructed at the lower elevation of the site, between Parking Structure A (previously approved project) and Eldridge Avenue. An Outdoor Commons with a seating capacity of up to 250 people also would be constructed within the Arroyo greenbelt, to the west of the proposed Family and Consumer Studies Building. The project also would include the creation of new interior courtyards and an allẻe (landscaped walkway) that are complementary to the main quad that currently exists on the campus, as well as walkways between and around the existing and proposed buildings. These spaces would include plantings that complement the existing landscaping program. In addition, any ornamental trees to be removed to make way for construction would be relocated or replaced. Lastly, to ensure the successful integration of new building construction with existing campus development, the District design plans submitted to the division of the State Architect will incorporate the following design features: Provide full architectural treatment, similar in architectural style, materials and details with the existing building façades, on all sides of buildings which are visible from adjacent streets and the County Recreation Area. Create visual interest or large expanses of walls visible from adjacent streets and the County Recreation Area through the use of contrasting complementary colors, planters and/or other landscape elements. Parking structure walls shall be compatible in color, material and architectural detail with the buildings it serves and with adjacent existing buildings. Page IV-25

24 Screen all heating, ventilation, air conditioning equipment and ducts and any other equipment or appurtenances located on roofs from the view of any adjoining public street, unless such appurtenances are used as integral elements of the project s design. Screen trash storage areas from the view of public streets by solid walls or fences, not less than six feet high. Provide enhanced landscape buffer at main entry to campus to compensate for the removal or relocation of existing plant materials and ornamental trees. (2) PA 2 and PA 3 (Parkland Expansion Parcels and El Cariso Recreation Area Improvements) Along with construction of the new ball fields, multi-purpose fields, ancillary facilities, and improvements to the existing baseball field, the project proposes landscape improvements including the replacement of any existing trees that would be removed at a 3:1 ratio. Proposed landscaping for the parkland expansion parcels (PA 2) includes turf within the ball fields and ground cover and a variety of shade and screening trees. Examples of native trees that would be planted for partial screening of views from off-site locations to the east include western sycamore (Platanus racemosa) and Fremont s cottonwood (Populus fremontii), both of which grow to an estimated height of 80 feet; California bay/laurel (Umbellularia californica) which is an evergreen tree with a height potential of 40 to 80 feet and a screening potential of approximately 50 to 60 feet wide; and white alder (Alnus rhombifolia), which grows to a height of about 70 feet. Several pedestrian pathways will be constructed within the existing and proposed recreation areas to improve the utility of the space and enrich the visitor experience. Concrete walkways would be constructed, and parkland surrounding the various fields will be landscaped and maintained to accommodate picnicking and other passive recreational activities. c. Project Impacts (1) Short-Term Construction Construction on PA 1 would involve site preparation activities including the removal of surface parking and temporary structures. Specifically, construction within PA 1 would remove the existing asphalt surface parking, some of the temporary facilities, and other on-site manmade features, such as on-site walkways and landscaping. On-site ornamental trees also would be removed to make way for construction of the proposed project; however, any removed trees will be relocated or replaced at a 3:1 ratio. Following site preparation activities, the construction of the proposed structures and landscape improvements would occur. Construction activities on PA 1 would involve the placement of temporary barriers (i.e., fencing) designed to screen the project s construction activities, equipment, and materials from adjacent streets and sidewalks, as Page IV-26

25 well as from on-site patrons including students, staff, and visitors. Where structural heights require it, temporary covered pedestrian walkways would be provided to ensure adequate pedestrian safety and access. Pedestrian walkways and construction fencing are generally not aesthetic structures and could potentially serve as targets for vandalism, if not appropriately monitored. Thus, construction and security personnel at the College would monitor each construction site to ensure that construction activities and placement of equipment does not promote vandalism. In addition, construction activities would occur in accordance with LAMC requirements, thus any outdoor nighttime lighting required would be limited to a few evening hours. Thus, the short-term aesthetic impacts during construction within PA 1 would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required. Construction on PA 2 would involve site preparation activities including the removal of natural vegetation, establishment of the permanent access roadway, and grading. On-site trees may be removed to make way for construction of the proposed project; however, any removed trees would be relocated or replaced. Following site preparation activities, the proposed ball fields and landscape improvements would be developed. Construction activities on PA 2 are expected to involve the placement of temporary barriers (i.e., fencing) designed to screen the project s construction activity, materials, and equipment from off-site view locations. Construction fencing is generally not considered an aesthetic structure and could potentially serve as targets for vandalism, if not appropriately monitored. The Applicant would continually monitor the construction site to ensure that construction activities and placement of equipment does not promote vandalism. In addition, any outdoor nighttime lighting required would be limited to a few evening hours. Therefore, short-term aesthetic impacts during construction within PA 2 would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required. Construction at PA 3 would involve site preparation activities including the removal of natural vegetation and trees, relocation of the existing paved pathways, relocation of passive park amenities including picnic tables and benches, and grading on PA 3. On-site trees would be removed to make way for construction of the proposed project; however, any removed trees would be relocated or replaced at a 3:1 ratio. Following site preparation activities, the proposed multi-purpose fields and landscape improvements would be developed. Construction activities on PA 3 are expected to involve the placement of temporary barriers (i.e., fencing) designed to screen the project s construction activity, materials, and equipment off-site view locations. Construction fencing is generally not considered an aesthetic structure and could potentially serve as targets for vandalism, if not appropriately monitored. As with the other PAs, the construction team would continually monitor the construction site to ensure that construction activities and placement of equipment and fencing with screens does not promote vandalism. In addition, any outdoor nighttime lighting required would be limited to a few evening hours. Therefore, short-term aesthetic impacts during construction within PA 3 would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required. Page IV-27

26 Construction of the proposed project would involve site preparation activities including the removal of the softball fields, bleachers, lighting, and turf on PA 4. On-site ornamental trees also would be removed to make way for construction of the proposed project; however, any removed trees will be relocated or replaced at a three-to-one (3:1) ratio. Following site preparation activities, the proposed structures and landscape improvements would be constructed. Similar to the other PAs, construction activities on PA 4 are expected to involve the placement of temporary barriers (i.e., fencing) designed to screen the project s construction activities, equipment, and materials from adjacent streets and sidewalks, as well as from on-site patrons including students, staff, and visitors. Where structural heights require it, temporary covered pedestrian walkways would be provided to ensure adequate pedestrian safety and access. Pedestrian walkways and construction fencing are generally not aesthetic structures and could potentially serve as targets for vandalism, if not appropriately monitored. Construction and security personnel at the College would monitor each construction site to ensure that construction activities and placement of equipment does not promote vandalism. In addition, any outdoor nighttime lighting required would be limited to a few evening hours. Therefore, the short-term aesthetic impacts during construction within PA 4 would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required. In summary, based on the above, construction activities required for the project would not result in a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista, substantial damage to scenic resources, substantial degradation of the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings, or the creation of a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area. Thus, such impacts would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required. (2) Scenic Resources within a State Designated Highway None of the roadways adjacent to or in the near vicinity of the project site are designated as a scenic highway in the Transportation Element of the City of Los Angeles General Plan. The designated scenic highway nearest to the project site is the Interstate 210 (Foothill) Freeway, located approximately one mile southwest of the site. Based on the distance of the project site from this scenic highway, the relatively flat topography in which new structures would be built, and the proposed building heights of new structures that would be consistent with existing structures in the project area, development of the proposed project would not affect resources visible from any portion of the Foothill Freeway Scenic Highway. Thus, no impact upon the scenic resources associated with this highway would occur and no mitigation measures would be required. Page IV-28

27 (3) Visual Character and Quality (a) PA 1 (LAMC Campus) PA 1 is currently developed with a mix of permanent and temporary buildings. Development within PA 1 would include the following buildings: the Family and Consumer Studies Building (71,171 gsf); Media Arts Center Building (50,531 gsf); and the Student Services Center (57,000 gsf). Landscape improvements in PA 1 also are proposed at the Quad Area, Parking Structure A, Student Services Center, Family and Consumer Studies, Media Arts Center, and at the corner of Eldridge Avenue/Hubbard Street. Furthermore, the project includes construction of an Arroyo running through the site, as well as the Outdoor Commons area. Figure IV-12 on page IV-30 depicts the visual change that would occur on PA 1. As shown in Figure IV-12, three proposed buildings on PA 1 would generally be visible: the Media Arts Center fronting Eldridge Avenue; the Student Services building located behind the Media Arts Center; and the Family and Consumer Studies building located just beyond the main entrance drive to the campus. The buildings proposed on PA 1 would be visually compatible with the existing on-site buildings. Specifically, the architectural design would have a similar style as the existing educational facilities found on the campus. The height and bulk of the proposed buildings also would be similar to the existing buildings, and would not exceed the two-story building height limit applied to the existing and previously approved development on the campus (i.e., Parking Structure A). The proposed Family and Consumer Studies Building, which represents the largest proposed building at 71,171 gsf, is comparable in overall square footage to the existing Instructional/Administrative building, and the Media Arts Center, which would be sited at the perimeter nearest the existing streets, would be set back from Eldridge Avenue at distances similar to existing LAMC buildings along these roadways. The proposed buildings in PA 1 primarily would replace areas already developed (including existing temporary facilities and surface parking areas) with structures that are visually compatible with the existing facilities. However, existing open space areas and mature ornamental trees located on the campus also would be replaced in order to accommodate the proposed building structures. The BLM visual contrast analysis summarized in Table IV-1 on page IV-31 and presented in its entirety in Appendix C to this EIR also demonstrates how this visual contrast as viewed by viewer groups would be weak to moderate. Specifically, the visual simulation for KOP 1 depicts a weak to no contrast between the existing and proposed landscape condition relative to the form, line, color, and texture of the topography on the LAMC campus. 41 This is 41 Please refer to Appendix C of this document for a detailed discussion of the contrast between the existing and proposed features as viewed from KOP 1 as determined through the Visual Contrast Rating. Page IV-29

28 San Gabriel Mountains LAMC Campus County Park Ball Field Lights Eldridge Avenue Pasha Street Existing view (north from Pasha Street). Proposed Student Services and Media Arts Buildings Proposed Family and Consumer Studies Building LAMC Parking Structure (Previously Approved Project) Eldridge Avenue Pasha Street Proposed view (with LAMC campus improvements). N Figure IV-12 KOP 1 Visual Simulation Source: VisionScape Imagery, November Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

29 Table IV-1 KOP 1: Summary of Contrast Rating Existing and Proposed Project Conditions SUMMARY CONTRAST RATING Basic Features Land/Water Vegetation Structures Basic Elements S M W N S M W N S M W N Form Line Color Texture Degree of Contrast Criteria S = Strong: The element contrast demands attention, will not be overlooked, and is dominant in the landscape. M = Moderate: The element begins to attract attention and begins to dominate the characteristic landscape. W = Weak: The element contrast can be seen but does not attract attention. N = None: The element contrast is not visible or perceived. Source: PCR Services Corporation, 2005 and BLM, Visual Resource Contrast Rating, BLM Handbook (January 1986). Page IV-31

30 largely due to the slight slope of the existing topography and nominal impact the project proposes to this basic site feature. The contrast with respect to vegetation is moderate in that the current green, linear, medium density band of vegetation (ornamental trees) that exists between the grey, textured San Gabriel Mountains background and the smooth, grey paved areas in the foreground is replaced with a smooth, linear, light in color, band associated with proposed structures. In addition, the BLM visual contrast analysis indicates strong degree of contrast is shown between the existing structural features on the College campus and the proposed new structures that would be visible with project implementation. However, as discussed above, given the proposed building heights, building masses and already developed nature of PA 1, such new structures would be compatible with the existing visual character of the area. Overall, while proposed development introduces elements that would result in a more intensely developed land use condition due to the increased building square footage at the campus, development of PA 1 would not substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings. With implementation of project design features, development of PA 1 will not substantially degrade the site s existing visual character and quality. Therefore, potential impacts regarding the visual character and quality within PA 1 would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required. (b) PA 2 (Parkland Expansion Parcels) The project proposes development of PA 2, which is currently undeveloped and vacant, with four softball fields, associated bleachers, two concession/restroom facilities buildings, a maintenance office and supply storeroom, parking, and associated infrastructure. Figure IV-13 on page IV-33 depicts the physical changes that are considered to be representative of the changes expected to occur within PA 2 (KOP 2). The improvements to PA 2 would provide additional passive park amenities and connections to existing pedestrian pathways on what is currently vacant land. The initiation of grading and construction in PA 2 would result in a visual change in that the currently vacant site would be developed with recreation uses. Such development generally would be visually consistent with the adjacent off-site El Cariso County Golf Course to the west and the SIBL fields to the north, and would expand the unified recreational character of this area with compatible uses. Furthermore, the BLM visual contrast analysis for KOP 2 summarized in Table IV-2 on page IV-34 and presented in its entirety within Appendix C depicts a weak to no contrast between the existing and proposed landscape condition relative to the form, line, color, and texture of the topography. This is largely due to the depressed elevation of PA 2 compared to the elevations both in the foreground and background, the distance between KOP 2 and PA 2, and the nominal impact the project proposes to these basic site features. The intervening existing Page IV-32

31 Pacoima Wash Harding Street County Regional Park Existing Drainage (PA 2A) PA 2B San Gabriel Mountains Pacoima Wash PA 2A Harding Street Existing view (northwest from Harding Street). Proposed Ball Field Lighting Proposed Ball Field Lighting Proposed Ball Field Lighting Proposed Ball Field Backstop and Fencing Road/Drainage Improvement Proposed Ball Field Backstop and Fencing Concession Building 1 Harding Street Proposed view (with PA 2 improvements). N Figure IV-13 KOP 2 Visual Simulation Source: VisionScape Imagery, November Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

32 Table IV-2 KOP 2: Summary of Contrast Rating Existing and Proposed Project Conditions SUMMARY CONTRAST RATING Basic Features Land/Water Vegetation Structures Basic Elements S M W N S M W N S M W N Form Line Color Texture Degree of Contrast Criteria S = Strong: The element contrast demands attention, will not be overlooked, and is dominant in the landscape. M = Moderate: The element begins to attract attention and begins to dominate the characteristic landscape. W = Weak: The element contrast can be seen but does not attract attention. N = None: The element contrast is not visible or perceived. Source: PCR Services Corporation, January 2005 and BLM, Visual Resource Contrast Rating, BLM Handbook (January 1986). Page IV-34

33 vegetation nearest Harding Street, the dominant linear band of County Recreation Area trees, and the San Gabriel Mountains (while visible in the background view) are the most dominant landform feature, both with and without the proposed project. The BLM analysis also demonstrates that the contrast between the existing vegetation and the proposed vegetation is moderate; although the proposed change would attract viewer attention, it would not alter the dominant features in view from KOP 2. A weak degree of contrast would be expected between the existing features on PA 2 and the proposed structural features that would be visible with project implementation, primarily due to the predominant off-site landscape features that would not be altered. The existing dominant feature (intervening vegetation in the foreground and mountains and trees in the background) within the landscape would remain in its current state. Overall, development on PA 2 would not substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings. Thus, potential impacts would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required. (c) PA 3 Development of PA 3 proposes to enhance the recreational opportunities of the community by constructing two multi-purpose fields and expanding the north parking lot on land that currently contains open grass area, trees, passive pedestrian pathways, picnic shelters and tables (PA 3A) and expanding the existing baseball field (PA 3B) within the El Cariso Community Regional County Park. Improving the existing ball field in PA 3B would not aesthetically alter this area negatively. The existing field would remain; however, it would be upgraded to current baseball dimensional standards, and would be renovated. Alterations to PA 3A would result in a visual change in that the current passive recreation/open space of this area would be developed with two multi-purpose fields and expanded parking. Such development represents a conversion from passive recreation to active recreation uses, but would still be visually consistent with the surrounding uses found within the County Recreation Area. The site also would experience removal of trees within this area to accommodate the new fields and associated grading; however, removed trees would be replaced at a three-to-one ratio within the general vicinity. Therefore, development of PA 3 would not substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings. Thus, impacts would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required. (d) PA 4 The expansion of the LAMC campus to the direct north of the existing main campus would involve modifications within PA 4, which currently contains recreational uses including Page IV-35

34 four ball fields. These modifications would include the addition of a multi-story parking structure (Parking Structure B) nearest Hubbard Street, a Health, P.E., and Fitness Center; and two General Purpose Classroom buildings. Figure IV-14 on page IV-37 depicts the proposed changes within PA 4 as viewed from the County Recreation Area to the north. From this static position, the Health, P.E., and Fitness Center and the parking structure would be visible. The buildings on PA 4 are proposed to be visually compatible with the existing campus buildings within PA 1 to the south along Hubbard Street and Eldridge Avenue. The architectural design would have a style similar to that of the existing educational facilities, the height and bulk of the constructed buildings would be similar to the existing buildings found on PA 1, and they would not exceed maximum building height limitations. Together, the two areas would promote the Master Plan intention to create a unified character using compatible or complementary architectural styles, articulated façades and building masses, and deliberate placement of buildings around the proposed Arroyo and pedestrian areas. While the proposed buildings on PA 4 would replace an already improved site, the development would encroach upon a portion of the passive and active recreation areas that currently exist within El Cariso Community Regional County Park. The project incorporates design features such as building materials and massing that are compatible with the existing LAMC buildings, the Arroyo feature and landscape plantings. These features are expected to reduce the potential aesthetic impact created by the proposed structures on the site. The Arroyo feature would provide a visual and physical link between the existing features on the campus and the proposed buildings, as well as open space amenities. It would also introduce meandering pedestrian walkways and footbridges with a curvilinear greenbelt and water detention capabilities. The contrast rating of the existing and proposed features as viewed from KOP 3 (refer to Figure IV-14) is provided in detail in Appendix C. As summarized in Table IV-3 on page IV-38, the visual simulation depicts a weak to no contrast between the existing and proposed landscape condition relative to the form, line, color, and texture of the topography of PA 4. The contrast with respect to existing and proposed vegetation is weak; however a moderate degree of contrast with respect to structures is expected with development on PA 4. In addition, travelers along the portion of Hubbard Street proposed for development and the single-family and multi-family residences directly across from PA 4 on Hubbard Street would experience a strong contrast with regard to structures as PA 4 is currently developed with active and passive recreational uses. However, the portion of the area along Hubbard Street to be developed with buildings would represent a small fraction of the open space area that would remain visible along Hubbard Street. Overall, while proposed development of PA 4 would develop college campus uses in an area that is currently used for active recreation, proposed development would not substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings. Furthermore, Page IV-36

35 LAMC Collaborative Studies Building Existing Ball Fields Existing view (south toward El Cariso Park ball fields). Proposed Health, P.E., and Fitness Center Proposed Parking Structure B Proposed Education Building Proposed view (south with proposed LAMC campus expansion). N Figure IV-14 KOP 3 Visual Simulation Source: VisionScape Imagery, November Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

36 Table IV-3 KOP 3; Summary of Contrast Rating Existing and Proposed Project Conditions SUMMARY CONTRAST RATING Basic Features Land/Water Vegetation Structures Basic Elements S M W N S M W N S M W N Form Line Color Texture Degree of Contrast Criteria S = Strong: The element contrast demands attention, will not be overlooked, and is dominant in the landscape. M = Moderate: The element begins to attract attention and begins to dominate the characteristic landscape. W = Weak: The element contrast can be seen but does not attract attention. N = None: The element contrast is not visible or perceived. Source: PCR Services Corporation, January 2005 and BLM, Visual Resource Contrast Rating, BLM Handbook (January 1986). Page IV-38

37 appropriate design features have been proposed to ensure that potential impacts regarding the visual character and quality within PA 4 are less than significant. Therefore, no mitigation measures are required. (4) Scenic Vistas Scenic vistas in the immediate project area are somewhat limited due to the gently sloping topography of the area and existing development that extends to the north, west and south of the project site. The greatest variation in topography in the project vicinity occurs to the west of the project site, where residential areas rise above the Pacoima Wash. In addition, residential areas to the north of the project site are also somewhat elevated above the project site. As illustrated in Figure IV-15 on page IV-40, both of these areas have views of various portions of the project site as discussed below. Overall, scenic vistas in the project area include the San Gabriel Mountains that rise above the project area to the distant north, the Pacoima Wash, and to a lesser extent, portions of the County Recreation Area. Potential impacts to these scenic vistas are addressed below. (a) PA 1 (LAMC Campus) As shown in the photographs above, PA 1 is currently developed with a mix of permanent and temporary buildings and is surrounded by areas developed with residential uses and park facilities. Due to the relatively flat topography of PA 1 and areas immediately surrounding PA 1, views of scenic resources are generally limited to the San Gabriel Mountains in the backdrop and to a lesser extent portions of the County Recreation Area. Recent court cases have upheld a distinction between public versus private views, acknowledging that impact analyses shall primarily focus on potential effects to public views versus private views. 42 Nevertheless, given the close proximity of the adjacent residences and that the project site is currently undeveloped, this section of the EIR has considered potential effects to views, including private views, in this analysis. As described above, development within PA 1 includes the following buildings: the Family and Consumer Studies Building (71,171 gsf); Media Arts Center Building (50,531 gsf); and the Student Services Center (57,000 gsf). Landscape improvements in PA 1 also are proposed at the Quad Area, Parking Structure A, Student Services Center, Family and Consumer Studies, Media Arts Center, and at the corner of Eldridge Avenue/Hubbard Street. Furthermore, 42 Ocean View Estates Homeowners Association v. Montecito Water District, 116 Cal.App.4th 396, 401(2004), Mira Mar Mobile Community v. City of Oceanside, 119 Cal.App.4th 477 (2004), and Bowman v. City of Berkeley, 122 Cal.App.4th 572 (2004). Page IV-39

38 Ga vin a Ave n ue G ar ric k Si m Av e St re et nu on Hu b xic Av e nu e aw Simshaw / Gridley Homes Av e El Cariso Regional Park ba Le rd e sh nu PA 4 e et LAMC Campus Expansion Parcel le rid G Santiago Estates a Vi Sylmar Independent Baseball League Fields n Sa 1100 PA 1 Los os Angeles Mission sion College Campus y re St el igu M PA 3 El Cariso Park Improvements El Cariso Golf Course et e Str ing rd Ha Via Pa c Wa oim sh a e Av e nu Vista del S ol Drive et Str e lay Mac H ng di e Mountain Glen Terrace II et re St Driv a ge id dr El 900 ar ren Se PA 2 Parkland Expansion Parcels LEGEND Property Line Approximate Viewshed Figure IV-15 Viewsheds in Vicinity of Project Site N Feet Source: PCR Services Corporation, Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program

39 the project includes construction of an Arroyo running through the site, as well as the Outdoor Commons area. Figure IV-12 on page IV-30 presents KOP 1, which provides a snap shot of the existing and proposed project condition considered to be representative of the current view looking north across PA 1 from public streets and the residential area to the south. As shown in Figure IV-12, existing scenic views from this location are generally limited to the San Gabriel Mountains which rise above the campus in the distance. From this static position, three proposed buildings on PA 1 would be visible: the Media Arts Center fronting Eldridge Avenue; the Student Services building located behind the Media Arts Center; and the Family and Consumer Studies building located just beyond the main entrance drive to the campus. As described above, when compared with existing conditions, the visual simulation depicts a weak to no contrast of the landscape condition relative to the form, line, color, and texture of the topography on the LAMC campus, moderate contrast with respect to vegetation, and a strong degree of contrast with regard to structural features that would be visible with project implementation. While this contrast with respect to structures is considered strong, based on the proposed building heights and massing that would be similar to existing buildings on-site, the San Gabriel Mountains would remain the most dominant landform feature in the landscape, both with and without the proposed project as shown in Figure IV-12. Thus, scenic views of the San Gabriel Mountains would not be substantially altered from the locations south of PA 1. With regard to the residential uses across from Hubbard Street and from the County Recreation area just east of the College, views of scenic resources are also generally limited to the San Gabriel Mountains and the portions of the open space areas within the County Recreation Area itself. Based on the location of PA 1 further to the south of these uses, development within PA 1 would not affect these scenic views. Overall, development of PA 1 would not have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista. Thus, impacts would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required. (b) PA 2 As described above, the project proposes development of PA 2, which is currently undeveloped and vacant, with four softball fields, associated bleachers, two concession/restroom facilities buildings, a maintenance office and supply storeroom, parking, and associated infrastructure. This development could potentially affect scenic vistas in this area of the site, which generally include the San Gabriel Mountains, the Pacoima Wash area, and the natural vegetation of PA 2, currently viewed by adjacent residences and the public. Specifically, there are three primary viewer groups that potentially could be affected, including the following: Page IV-41

40 Sylmar Independent Baseball League patrons, County Recreation Area patrons, and adjacent residences to the east. Figure IV-15 depicts the residential developments that are located in relatively close proximity to the site. These residential communities include the Mountain Glen Terrace II, Santiago Estates, and Gridley Street/Simshaw Avenue developments. Although all three residential development areas maintain viewsheds of the project site and its surroundings nearest PA 2, due to the distance, intervening topography, and intervening land uses that exist between the Santiago Estates and Gridley Street/Simshaw Avenue residences and the project site, this analysis focuses on the worst-case condition relative to private views of the project site, which would occur at the Mountain Glen Terrace II development. As represented on Figure IV-16 on page IV-43, the Mountain Glen Terrace II development slopes upward as one travels through the residential community and away from the project site. The rows of homes located further from the site are located on pads that are at a higher elevation than the rows in front; however, as depicted on Figure IV-16, views of the project site, Pacoima Wash, and the San Gabriel Mountains become increasingly obstructed as one travels further up the hill and away from the project site. This is attributed to the increased distance from the site, as well as the intervening homes that block views of the site. Therefore, the area of the development that would potentially experience the greatest impact with regard to change in scenic vistas is the line of homes located directly along Harding Street. Figure IV-13 presents a snap shot of the existing and proposed project condition considered to be representative of the change in landscape on PA 2 that would be visible (KOP 2). The three representative viewer groups associated with KOP 2 including Mountain Glen Terrace II residents, Sylmar Independent Baseball League patrons, and County Recreation Area patrons. As described above, the visual simulation depicts a weak to no contrast between the existing and proposed landscape condition relative to the form, line, color, and texture of the topography on PA 2 (KOP 2). This is largely due to the lower elevation of PA 2 compared to the higher elevations both in the foreground and background, the distance between KOP 2 and PA 2, and the nominal impact the project proposes to these basic site features. The intervening existing vegetation nearest Harding Street, the dominant linear band of County Recreation Area trees, and the San Gabriel Mountains (while visible in the background view) are the most dominant landform feature, both with and without the proposed project. The contrast between the existing vegetation and the proposed vegetation is moderate; although the proposed change would attract viewer attention, it would not alter the dominant features in view from KOP 2. A weak degree of contrast would be expected between the existing features on PA 2 and the proposed structural features that would be visible with project implementation, primarily due to the predominate offsite landscape features that would not be altered. The existing dominant feature (intervening vegetation in the foreground and mountains and trees in the background) within the landscape would remain in its current state. In addition, such development generally would be visually Page IV-42

41 B 2 El Cariso Golf Course Pacoima Wash El Cariso Golf Course ELEVATION 1323 ELEVATION 1312 PA 2 ELEVATION 1303 Pacoima Wash Harding Street ELEVATION 1303 Mesa Verdes Way Mira Mar Drive Portola Way Angeles Trail Way ELEVATION A 1 B 1 A 2 A Section A 1 - A 2 ELEVATION 1458 ELEVATION 1312 ELEVATION 1309 ELEVATION 1340 ELEVATION El Cariso Golf Course B PA 2 Pacoima Wash RV Parking Lot Section B 1 - B 2 Via San Miguel Via San Pablo Via San Ricardo Via San Rafael Via San Remo 1309 Figure IV-16 Cross-Section of Nearby Viewsheds to East Feet Source: PCR Services Corporation, Los Angeles Mission College Master Plan and Public Recreation Improvement Program