Urban Space for efficient Mobility! - managing transport in fast-growing cities of developing countries and emerging economies

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1 Cities for Mobility 2011 Workshop 1 "Urban Mobility versus urban space" Stuttgart, 4 July 2011 Urban Space for efficient Mobility! - managing transport in fast-growing cities of developing countries and emerging economies Christian Schlosser, Ph.D. UN-HABITAT, Urban Transport Section 1

2 UN-HABITAT mandate and focus United Nations agency for the built environment focusing on inclusive, greener, safer and more efficient cities Lead agency for MDG 7 target on improving living conditions of slum dwellers Developing a new focus on urban planning and mobility 2

3 Global Variances in Urban Growth In the North, almost half of the cities are declining In the South, more than half of cities are growing very fast Developing World cities grow 10 times faster 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 2% 5% 11% 42% Urban Growth by Region 16% 35% Dhaka will take 12 years to absorb + 8 M people New York took nearly 150 years 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 3 22% 40% 17% 10% Developed Countries Developing Countries Source: UN-HABITAT Accelerated growth (+4% ) Rapid growth (2-4% ) Moderate (1-2% ) Slow (0-1% ) Decline (-0% )

4 The Global Transport Challenge Projected total stock of light-duty vehicles by region Projected Incremental Oil Demand by Sector Source: GEF/WBCSD 2004 Source: GEF/IEA

5 Urban Space and Mobility Geographical Scales Interrelationships between Urban Space and Mobility have to be considered at different geographical levels: Neighborhood: planning for NMT and density, mix of compatible uses, street design for non-motorized modes City: Establishing compact and viable sub-centers, planning for intermodality, provision of compact, affordable housing Urban regions: urban growth boundaries, urban renewal programmes, economic incentives/disincentives Source: City of Munich 5

6 6 Mobility and space - indicators Spatial development indicators: 5 Ds : Density: of population/employment by geographic unit Diversity: mix and balance of land uses Design: neighborhood/street layout: connectivity, presence of sidewalks Destination accessibility: Ease or convenience of trip destinations from point of origin Distance to transit: Ease of access to transit from home or work (e.g. bus or rail stop within ¼ to ½ mile of trip origin) Source: TRB Special Report 298 (US)/Cervero and Kockelman

7 Urban spaces for active neighborhoods Walkable streets: plan for pedestrian networks to foster most direct access to all local destinations (school, work, train stations) Make cycling convenient: bike lanes separated from motorized traffic Mixed uses and infill: integrate residential, work, retail, and entertainment activities within communities

8 Urban space and public transport Density and mixed land use makes walking, cycling and the use of transit systems possible

9 Urban space and transport at regional level Strengthening existing centers for travel reduction (e.g. urban renewal programmes) Urban growth boundaries as a tool to direct growth and enable compact urban development Transit-based urban expansions in fast growing cities

10 Impacts: community designs and travel 100% Alternative Community Designs and Mode Share 10 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 9.8 Daily Veh. - miles Per Capita Grood transit & mixed land use 13.3 Daily Veh. - miles Per Capita 21.8 Daily Veh. - miles Per Capita Good transit only Remainder of region Transit Bike Walk Auto Source: Ohland and Poticha 2006 in Littman Residents of neighborhoods with good transit service and land use mix drive about half as much, and walk, bike and use public transport about four times as much, as residents of conventional, automobile-dependent suburban communities (Example from Portland, Oregon/USA)

11 Linking spatial planning and transit Residential areas within 300m of a light-rail stop in Freiburg/ Germany Source: City of Freiburg, in: Pucher/ Buehler 11

12 Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City, China Eco-Cell concept: integrating different land uses within a modular 400m by 400m grid, basis for neighbourhoods, districts, and urban centres Source: 12

13 UN-Habitat taking action Sustainable Transport in East African Cities Technical assistance and institutional support for the development of a comprehensive sustainable metropolitan transport system in Addis Ababa, Kampala and Nairobi Planning and detailed design for implementation of a demonstration sustainable transport corridor in Addis Ababa, Kampala and Nairobi, featuring BRT, NMT and TDM measures Feasibility of application of clean vehicles and fuel technology initiatives in Addis Ababa, Kampala and Nairobi Regional capacity building, awareness raising and networking

14 Facilitating knowledge exchange worldwide United Nations Advisory Committee of Local Authorities (UNACLA) advising the UN through UN-Habitat on implementation of the Habitat Agenda Thematic focus area in 2011: Sustainable Urban Mobility Activities: o Yearbook on case studies/best practices o Knowledge exchange platforms o Regional meetings and contribution to international events o Peer Exchange and Twinning Programmes Dr Joan Clos, Executive Director of UN- HABITAT and Muchadeyi Ashton Masunda, Major of Harare, Zimbabwe at an exhibition during the UNACLA Annual Meeting 2011