Hedges... living boundaries FINDING YOUR WAY THROUGH THE MAZE PROVENDER

Transcription

1 Hedges... living boundaries G YOUR WAY THROUGH TH MAZ ROVR U R S R S

2 Hedges... living boundaries G YOUR WAY THROUGH TH MAZ ROVR U R S R S

3 rovender urseries Ahedge is an important component of any garden, providing strength and structure to the design. Those that work best are planned and prepared for - hedges planted as an afterthought can often result in not achieving the desired effect. Knowing what to plant, where and how can make a daunting decision very much easier. This booklet has been written to help you make an informed decision based on soil, aspect, height, availability and design requirements to help put the right plant in the right place and create the right boudary and backdrop for your garden design. At rovender urseries we have planted some sample hedges to enable customers to see how plants grow together, their growth rates and the correct maintenance regime. come and visit... rovender urseries, The Landscape entre, Leydenhatch Lane, Swanley, Kent R8 7S lants: roducts: ax: mail: sales@provendernurseries.co.uk We receive numerous enquiries about hedging options all year round and whether you need something for a rural or formal setting, or even a rooftop in an urban environment, we have the knowledge and plant selection for you to make an informed choice. The plants mentioned in this booklet are available at rovender urseries at the relevant times of year. We also stock all the horticultural sundries you may require when planting a hedge - rabbit guards, mycorrhizal fungi, organic planting compounds and soil improvers. f you re planting or planning a hedge, make the most of rovender urseries range and expertise to help bring your plans to life. RHAR McKA 2013 rovender urseries

4 introduction chapter one chapter two chapter three chapter four chapter five chapter six summary the top twelve areroot Hedging Rootball Hedging ontainer Grown Hedging re-formed Hedging Hedging lants for roblem Areas runing Hedging lants Hedges... living boundaries W R T T & O M L Y L Z H U G H S

5 unction 2 This booklet is designed to help make choosing a hedging plant a simple Hedges play an important role in structure, texture, colour, overall character and irections - evergreen plants are the best choice here. Hedges can be used to affair. We aim to answer any queries practical uses within any garden scheme direct people around spaces, towards to help make the right choice of plant, or landscape. They can be the backbone vistas and also for fun - such as the Yew for the right place, with the right of all other elements in a garden design. maze at Hampton ourt. maintenance regime to suit you or your client. We will cover plant How do you decide what type of hedge to Security - obviously thorns are the most choice, hedge function, plant buy? The main questions are: What do desirable attribute for this scenario and a availability, pruning and basic you want the hedge to do? What is its plant that forms a good, dense barrier. maintenance. primary function? Most hedges are planted to provide structure, create privacy, provide oise/ollution ilter - larger leaves a windbreak or attract wildlife. are needed for this situation as they trap A hedge is a Structure - an evergreen backbone, car and dust pollution. oise and air pollution is more of a problem in an urban best used as a foil for other plants. Texture environment. is an important factor when a hedge is used long term investment... as a background foil. Larger leaved hedges tend to look better from a distance, Wildlife/ative Hedges - unlike most of the hedge options listed above - wildlife whereas smaller leaved plants tend to look hedges are usually created using a mix of it s worth taking the time to make the right choice better when viewed close up. rivacy - this is becoming an different plants to attract a wide range of wildlife. Wildlife hedges provide nesting sites for birds and berries and nectar for increasingly popular reason for planting food. These are becoming increasingly hedges. As more houses are built on ever popular due to the rising interest in native smaller plots, privacy becomes an wildlife and conservation. important element in our everyday lives. Living ences - sometimes known as Windbreak - choice of plant is very fedges - a cross between a nce and a important here - the plant must be hardy, heg. A living willow fence is created grow tall and be able to withstand harsh using bare root whips. Willow is the best winds whilst establishing. Hedges absorb material for fedges as it is very flexible and some of the wind s energy unlike fences lends itself naturally to weaving. Willow and so create less turbulence on the lee/ whips are planted and weaved/plaited into protected side. patterns to create a living fence/hedge.

6 hoice a use or function for a hedge has - Smaller gardens can look hemmed in species may drop their leaves they may of plant chosen. lants go through a stage 3 been decided, the next step is to decide if using boundary hedging plants with still give a degree of shelter by filtering out of juvenile plant growth when young and other key factors such as: How tall do you large leaves. The eye does not lead easily winter winds. then slow down as they near maturity. want it to grow? How will it be maintained? over large leaves when viewed at close Many people opt for a five year plan when This determines your choice of hedging quarters. eriod of nterest selecting hedging plants, that is the plants material. The ultimate choice of plant Will the hedge have to perform two will take five years from planting to reach material depends on many variables. osition of Hedge within Garden functions - a permanent backdrop or will the required height. Where in the garden will the hedge be you require a flowering season for added ormal or nformal placed - boundary, dividing spaces or interest as well? or example a hotina x Availability The choice here depends on you! What viewed from above? fraseri Red Robin hedge has two periods ow that all the main questions are do you ultimately want it to achieve? of interest - bright red new growth in the answered the next important one is: When - ormal hedges tend to be non-flowering Aspect/Situation spring followed by flowers later in the can get what want? lants are available plants with a dense growth habit and mportant factors to consider here are what summer. lowering will be affected by all year round in one form or another. should be tolerant of close pruning. is the soil type: wet, dry, clay or chalky? s regular pruning. However availability of hedging plant ormal hedges tend to have a neat or it a sunny/shady site? s it a coastal or species is seasonal with some more easily precise outline and are best planted exposed situation? Sea spray can burn Maintenance available in the dormant season - late using one species only. f plants are to leaves as can strong, drying winds. All hedges will require some upkeep autumn to winter. or example Taxus be mixed, ensure that the plants to keep them attractive or to the required baccata are more readily available in the selected have a similar growth rate and ventual esired Height size. ven hedges to attract wildlife will autumn whereas uxus sempervirens are maintenance regime. - nformal hedges tend to be more untidy as a rule. They usually consist of a mix - arterre/hedge/windbreak The eventual desired height of course depends on function. arterres are short need some basic maintenance from time to time. Maintenance becomes a very important factor when choosing a hedge easily available all year round. All plant measurements ndicated in this booklet of species which are generally deciduous and usually more colourful in and normally used in designs to encase a group planting. Hedges for screening or for more formal applications such as providing screens. are measured from soil level appearance. windbreak need to be much taller plants at maturity. Time to Maturity/Growth Rate Style and Size of Garden atience is a virtue - however when it There are many different ways in which plants are supplied for hedging Larger gardens lend themselves to any size vergreen/eciduous comes to creating privacy and keeping the purposes. ach method of supply has its own terminology and certain seasonal of hedge however you should primarily The choice is determined by function. neighbours out - there is no time like the limitations. The main three ways of supplying hedging plants are: bareroot, consider larger leaved plant choices. A deciduous hedge may not provide present! f you require an instant effect rootball and container grown. Within this booklet we explain the advantages - Larger leaved plants tend to look better privacy all year round. ut don t let that this is possible, of course the other option and disadvantages of each type of supply and bring the answers together in a when viewed from a distance and are put you off as some species are semi- is to plant smaller plants and watch them simple format. commonly used in larger gardens to evergreen or can hold onto their foliage grow. Growth rate is obviously determined create boundaries. through the winter. Although deciduous by choice of plant species and also by size

7 1 areroot Hedging 4 escription areroot plants are young field grown Most sizes available are provided in bundles of 25 transplants for the smaller - rataegus monogyna (Hawthorn) or runus spinosa (lackthorn) of about 50- the bundles and mix the transplants up before planting - this will result in a more plants that are lifted when dormant in the sizes and bundles of 10 for the larger sizes. 75% and then a mix of other natives to natural looking hedge. Transplants should autumn to winter. Only certain species are Taller sizes are available for some species balance. lant at a rate of 4-7 plants per be pruned back by a third at planting to suitable to be grown in this way. Generally - please ask for details. metre in staggered rows: encourage better branching. As with all bareroot plants tend to be deciduous new plantings the ground should be dug (shedding leaves in winter) as these Technical nformation X X X X over, well prepared with organic matter and species are best able to cope with this method of growing and supply. Most Our bareroot plants are normally grown from UK sourced seed wherever possible 1m. X X X weed free. lant with a handful of organic fertiliser to promote healthy root growth. bareroot species are native and therefore (provenance can be supplied on request). A strong root system will enable the plant have a value for attracting wildlife. Generally speaking the typical growing Larger growing species (trees) may be to establish at a faster rate. f there is a regime of a bareroot transplant consists dotted at irregular intervals to create a true delay in planting time the transplants can Advantages of areroot lants of 1 year in the seedbed and 1 year natural look. be heeled in by temporarily planting in areroot plants are cheaper to produce transplanted into the field: 1+1*. uring peat/soil to protect roots from frost. lant and easier to transport to site than the growing regime the roots of the lanting nformation roots should also be protected from frost container grown plants. As the plants are transplants may have been undercut and The ideal time for planting bareroot hedging and direct sunlight. field grown with no artificial light or heat, transplanted once or twice to produce a is in the autumn when the conditions for the plants tend to be strong and hardy with healthier, stronger root system*. Some planting are favourable and availability is stablishment & Aftercare a low failure rate. However, there is a species may be three years old due to their good. Autumn planting allows plants to Keep the planted hedge weed free for at limited range of plants available compared naturally slower growth rate. areroot make the most of the perfect conditions least four years using mulch mats or to container grown plants and a limited plants are generally hardy, tough and a provided at this time of year. The soil is landscape fabric. rotect from rabbits seasonal availability. great way of planting a native wildlife still warm encouraging good active root using spirals with canes for support. hedge. growth and the autumn rains penetrate the established trim back once a year after the Availability * see plant age and specifications overleaf soil and get to where it is needed most - at berries and before the nesting season. See areroot is the cheapest way to supply and the roots. These favourable conditions tend hapter 6 for pruning tips. plant native deciduous species with ative Hedging to lead to a better establishment rate for availability from ovember to March during ative hedges provide all year round hedges when planted in autumn. o not the plant s dormant season. or best colour, interest, berries, structure and plant in frozen or very wet soil. results it is advisable to plant as early as wildlife corridors. They are great havens possible in the season to ensure the roots for insects, thus attracting birds and other lants are received with no soil (bareroot!) benefit from the autumn warmth in the soil. animals. Hedgerows are considered to be usually bagged in bundles of 25 or 10 Most are provided as two year old one of the most valuable native plant transplants. t is best to get the plants in transplants and at heights of 40-60, 60-80, habitats in the UK. An ideal native hedge the ground as soon as possible to prevent , , and cm. mix should consist of a prickly framework drying of the roots. or best results split

8 OTAAL AM Acer campestre Alnus cordata Alnus glutinosa erberis thunbergii erberis thunbergii Atropurpurea uxus sempervirens arpinus betulus ornus alba ornus alba Aurea ornus alba legantissima ornus alba Select Red ornus sanguinea OMMO AM ield Maple talian Alder ommon Alder arberry urple Leaf arberry ox Hornbeam Red Stem ogwood Golden ogwood Silver ogwood Red Stem ogwood ommon ogwood ATV 10/20cm 30/40cm 40/60cm 60/80cm 80/100cm 100/125cm 125/150cm 150/175cm ommon species used for bareroot hedging 5 ornus sericea laviramea Yellow Stem ogwood orylus avellana Hazel rataegus monogyna Hawthorn/Quickthorn uonymus europaeus Spindle agus sylvatica eech agus sylvatica Atropurpurea Hippophae rhamnoides opper eech Sea uckthorn lease contact us for advice on selection continued... - lant available ative plant lants present before the formation of the nglish hannel in the last ice age

9 6 ommon species used for bareroot hedging OTAAL AM Ligustrum ovalifolium Ligustrum ovalifolium Aureum Ligustrum vulgare Lonicera periclymenum Malus sylvestris runus spinosa Rhamnus cathartica Rosa canina Rosa rubiginosa Rosa rugosa Rosa rugosa Alba Rosa spinosissima OMMO AM Oval Leaf rivet Golden rivet ommon rivet limbing Honeysuckle rab Apple lackthorn/sloe uckthorn og Rose Sweet riar Ramanas Rose Ramanas Rose (white) urnet Rose ATV 10/20cm 30/40cm 40/60cm 60/80cm 80/100cm 100/125cm 125/150cm 150/175cm Salix caprea Goat Willow Salix cinerea Grey Sallow Willow Sambucus nigra lderberry Viburnum lantana Wayfaring Tree Viburnum opulus Guelder Rose All of these plants are available at other times of the year in containers - lant available ative plant lants present before the formation of the nglish hannel in the last ice age

10 lant Age and Specifications These specifications are used throughout the industry in particular for woodland and larger planting schemes. n most garden situations a 1+1 or 1+2 would be applicable year seedling 1+1 L 1 year seedling grown at wide spacing (Low ensity) and undercut during the growing season 1u1 1 year seedling undercut and grown for 1 further year in situ edges edges are a cross between a nce and a heg using living willow. These are a popular decorative option and still have the ecological value of a wildlife deciduous hedge. aster growing varieties of willow are used for fedges with the most popular types listed below. ifferent designs can be planted according to personal taste. lanting fedges can be quite an art and is best left to professional weavers. However if you are feeling adventurous and feel like having a go basic instructions are given below. lanting Typically plant at spacings of 20-30cm. f a woven decorative fedge is required transplants can be planted at an angle of 45 and interweave leaders. A cross between a nce and a heg year seedling lined out for 1 year year seedling lined out for 2 years 1+2 SLG stablishment & Aftercare Keep the planted hedge weed free for at least four years using mulch mats or landscape fabric. rotect from rabbits using spirals with canes for support. established trim back once a year after the berries and before the nesting season. See hapter 6 for 0/1 1 year hardwood cutting pruning tips. Seedling Woody plants which have been grown from seed and not transplanted Hardwood cutting OTAAL AM OMMO AM ATV 40/60cm 60/80cm 80/100cm 100/125cm 125/150cm 150/175cm Woody plants produced from shoots, stems or roots of a mother plant Salix alba hermesina Salix alba Vitellina Scarlet Willow Golden Willow Salix viminalis Osier Willow Ref: S ational lant Specification HARWOO UTTG

11 2 Rootball Hedging 8 escription Rootball plants are similar to bareroot in to be larger, more mature plants and are more capable of producing an instant effect hessian or wire around the neck of the plant. However, it is considered good stablishment & Aftercare All new plantings should be kept weed free that they are also field grown. However than bareroot options. One main practice to leave the hessian or wire for at least five years. Rootball plants can this is where the similarity ends as rootball advantage of rootball plants is that they are around the rootball when planting. The sway if planted on a windy site so ensure plants are lifted with soil around the root never potbound! The most commonly wire is a horticultural grade wire and will that the plants are checked for windrock. system. Rootball plants are usually 1m or requested rootball plants are Taxus baccata rot away after 2-3 years in the soil. Larger specimens will need staking to aid above in height with obvious exceptions - and uxus sempervirens. This is a great establishment, all plants will need support eg. uxus sempervirens. The growing way of supplying these two species as they lanting nformation on exposed sites. See hapter 6 for regime is also slightly different than for bare are reasonably slow growing. The ideal time for planting rootball hedging pruning tips. root plants and is primarily tailored to is in the autumn when the conditions for producing densely foliated specimens. Availability planting are favourable and availability is very three years the plants are lifted, root Rootballed plants are field grown and lifted good. Autumn planting allows plants to pruned, replanted and re-spaced - again during their dormant season - ovember make the most of the perfect conditions to achieve a larger, heavier plant. To to March. ertain plants may have a longer provided at this time of year. The soil is encourage even more foliage growth plants availability season under ideal conditions. still warm encouraging good active root are also trimmed twice a year. The idea of growth and the heavy autumn rains a rootball plant is to produce a plant with Technical nformation penetrate the soil and get to where it is dense foliage cover and a rootball large A good healthy rootball should be solid with needed most - at the roots. These enough to sustain the foliage. ertain soil in contact with the roots and should favourable conditions tend to lead to a species do not lend themselves well to the not disintegrate when handling. nsure better establishment rate for hedges when growing regime and therefore the choice that roots penetrate the whole rootball and planted in autumn. o not plant in frozen is slightly more limited than with bareroot that the rootball itself is in proportion to or very wet soil. and container grown options. However the size of the plant supplied. Rootballed both evergreen and deciduous species are plants should be supplied with an intact Rootballed plants are best planted with available as rootball plants. rootball secured with either a hessian sack the rootball level with the existing soil reinforced with wire mesh or wire. The level. The planting hole should be larger Advantages of Rootball lants rootballs of smaller sized plants tend to be than the root ball. t is best practice to leave Rootball plants are on the whole better wrapped in hessian sacking, whereas the hessian or wire on the rootball as value for money than container grown larger plants can be wrapped in either wire removal can destabilise it (cut wire away options - this is because field grown or hessian and wire. The hessian and wire from base of plant stem). As with all new rootball plants are less labour intensive should be cut away from around the base plantings the ground should be well dug than container grown options. Rootball is of the stem after placing the plant in the over, prepared with organic matter and worth considering if you have a long run of planting hole as the stem can become weed free. lant with a handful of organic hedge to plant. Also rootball options tend restricted or even girdled by the bunched fertilizer to promote healthy root growth.

12 OTAAL AM arpinus betulus xuprocyparis leylandii * xuprocyparis leylandii astlewellan Gold xuprocyparis leylandii xcalibur Gold agus sylvatica agus sylvatica Atropurpurea lex aquifolium cvs Ligustrum ovalifolium Ligustrum ovalifolium Aureum runus laurocerasus Rotundifolia runus lusitanica runus lusitanica Myrtifolia OMMO AM Hornbeam Leylandii Golden Leylandii eech opper eech Holly Oval Leaf rivet Golden rivet Laurel ortuguese Laurel 100/125cm 125/150cm 150/175cm 175/200cm 200/250cm 250/300cm LARGR SZS ommon species used for rootball hedging 9 Rhododendron cvs Rhododendron Thuja plicata Western Red edar Thuja plicata Atrovirens lease contact us Taxus baccata Yew for advice on selection * lease note that Xupressocyparis leylandii has changed name to xuprocyparis leylandii uxus sempervirens is a slower growing and lower growing plant than all those listed above. The sizes available differ slightly from the normal height specifications. 30/40cm 40/50cm 50/60cm 60/70cm 70/80cm 80/100cm 100/120cm uxus sempervirens ox - lant available cvs - ultivars - all species and cultivars cannot be listed due to vast differences in heights, flower colour, etc

13 3 ontainer Grown Hedging 10 escription ontainer grown hedging plants are by far the most popular method of plant supply in the horticultural industry today simply due to the extended availability and wider range of plants and sizes. n fact until the 1970 s most hedging plants were only supplied as bareroot and rootballs. Simply put, a container grown plant is grown above ground in pots/containers for at least one growing season. This method of production has revolutionised both the nursery and garden centre business in recent times. spalier A technique of pruning producing a tree with a central stem with a balance of horizontal branches in one vertical plane (ie. flat). The lowest branches should be at 30-40cm from ground level with the additional tiers at intervals of 30-40cm apart. The branches should be evenly spaced, at the same level and the same length. n other words these plants have height and width but hardly any depth. lants available as espaliers are used mainly for screening in most garden situations. spalier is traditionally used for fruit trees trained against walls. leached A technique of pruning that produces a flat frame creating a 2-dimensional effect with branches spreading sideways in one plane (ie. flat) held on top of a central tree stem. These are commonly used to create a screen above fence level or a raised wall. The lowest branches are usually 1.8m from the ground with heads ranging in size from 1.2m x 1.2m to 1.5m x 1.5m. Head sizes can vary, so always ask your supplier for specific sizes. Again, plants trained in this way have height and width but hardly any depth. ot sizes are an important factor to consider when selecting large hedging plants - many gardens have restricted width and access through side gates. f plants are being used for roof gardens weight and transport should be given high priority when selecting. Some container grown plants may appear to have small size pots in comparison to the plant size - this is not always a disadvantage in restricted spaces. ontainer grown hedging plants cover both evergreen and deciduous species offering a plethora of options available to you. As container grown plants are so popular and such a wide range offered, hedging plants can range from 30cm to 4m in height, with some plant species available up to 8m in height. As the industry is forever changing due to changing demands more hedging plant options and plant forms are now available than ever before. scalating in popularity, especially where space is limited is the demand for espalier and pleached hedging plants. SALR LAH Some container grown plants are in fact rootballs that have been lifted, potted on and then left to grow for a year to establish a better root system. These are known as containerised plants. This is very common for Taxus baccata and xuprocyparis leylandii.

14 Advantages of ontainer Grown lants The obvious advantages of container grown plants are many - the most notable being all year round availability. ue to the of sizes and species are kept in stock, however larger quantities are available on request - please ask for details. ontainer grown plants are also a good asic principals of planting container grown plants more intensive growing regime container grown plants tend to be more expensive than bareroot and rootball options, alternative to bareroot and rootball plants in the winter months. n adverse weather conditions field grown plants sometimes Water plants well before planting. Space plants at specified intervals along intended hedge length. however this is by far outweighed by the much larger range of choice and sizes available. lants supplied in containers cannot be lifted - so a good possible alternative is the container grown option. ig a hole a little wider than the pot. Remove all weeds/stones etc from the planting hole. tend to have a very good success rate Technical nformation lace plant in the hole and make sure the soil level is the same as the existing soil level because roots are less susceptible to root ontainer grown plants are measured from in the container. disturbance when transplanted/removed from pots. As long as plants are kept well watered both before and after planting, the top of the pot to the top of the plants. ndustry standards for height specifications are given at 10cm, 20cm, 25cm and 50cm Make sure the best side of the plant is facing forward or where it will be most viewed. Refill the hole with soil mixed with organic matter and organic fertiliser. establishment rates are good. increments (refer to S). lant at the existing soil level in the pot. One of the main advantages of container grown plants is perception of value - most heck container grown plants are not rootbound before purchase. ot size should irm in using your heel. Some plants will benefit from a light prune (see hapter 6 for pruning tips). end consumers (your customers) can understand the idea of a plant grown in a nursery in a pot better than they can understand rootball options. Most people also be in proportion to plant height to ensure a healthy specimen and higher establishment rates. Also ensure that plants are foliated from top to bottom - this Water thoroughly. revent any competition from weeds by placing mulch or landscape fabric around the plants. tend to have more confidence in a container grown plant. may not apply to some species which naturally defoliate the lower leaves. f the plants are tall, make sure they are secured so that the plant does not move/rock in the winds. Availability lanting nformation stablishment & Aftercare As mentioned earlier most container ontainer grown plants can be planted all Hedging plants benefit from mulch after planting. This helps retain moisture and keeps grown plants are available all year round - year round, but some seasons are better weeds to a minimum. Regular heavy watering is required for container grown plants due however certain high volume lines can sell than others. Mid-summer should be to the amount of foliage. Hedging plants can sway if planted on a windy, exposed site so out due to popular demand and thus avoided unless the location has access to ensure that the plants are checked for windrock. Larger specimens will need staking to availability can be limited at certain times a water supply and a realistic maintenance aid establishment. All plants on exposed sites will also need staking. See hapter 6 for of year. A wide range and limited number schedule is applied. pruning tips.

15 OTAAL AM OMMO AM SMALLR SZS 30/40cm 40/60cm 60/80cm 80/100cm 100/125cm 125/150cm 150/175cm 175/200cm 200/250cm 250/300cm LARGR SZS SALR LAH 12 Acer campestre ield Maple Alnus cordata talian Alder Alnus glutinosa ommon Alder Aucuba japonica rotonifolia Spotted Laurel erberis cvs arberry uxus sempervirens Suffruticosa dging ox uxus sempervirens ox amellia cvs amellia arpinus betulus Hornbeam ornus alba Red Stem ogwood ornus alba Aurea Golden ogwood ornus alba legantissima Silver ogwood ornus sanguinea ommon ogwood ornus sericea laviramea Yellow Stem ogwood orylus avellana Hazel otoneaster franchetii otoneaster otoneaster cvs otoneaster rataegus monogyna Hawthorn/Quickthorn xuprocyparis leylandii * Leylandii xuprocyparis leylandii astlewellan Gold Golden Leylandii xuprocyparis leylandii xcalibur Gold xuprocyparis leylandii 2001 odonea vicosa urpurea urple Hop ush laeagnus x ebbingei cvs laeagnus laeagnus pungens cvs laeagnus - lant available scallonia cvs scallonia cvs - ultivars - all species and cultivars cannot be listed due to vast ucalyptus gunnii ider Gum differences in heights, flower colour, etc * lease note that Xupressocyparis leylandii has changed name to xuprocyparis leylandii

16 OTAAL AM uonymus europaeus agus sylvatica agus sylvatica Atropurpurea argesia cvs eijoa sellowiana (syn Acca) ucshia Riccartonii Griselinia cvs Hippophae rhamnoides lex aquifolium cvs lex crenata Laurus nobilis Lavandula cvs Ligustrum ovalifolium Ligustrum ovalifolium Aureum OMMO AM Spindle eech opper eech ineapple Guava roadleaf Sea uckthorn Holly Japanese Holly ay Lavender Oval Leaf rivet Golden rivet SMALLR SZS 30/40cm 40/60cm 60/80cm 80/100cm 100/125cm 125/150cm 150/175cm 175/200cm 200/250cm 250/300cm LARGR SZS SALR LAH ommon species used for container grown hedging 13 Lonicera nitida aggesens Gold Lonicera nitida ox Honeysuckle Olearia x haastii aisy ush Osmanthus cvs Sweet Olive hotinia x fraseri Little Red Robin hotinia hotinia x fraseri Red Robin hyllostachys aurea cvs Yellow Stem amboo hyllostachys nigra lack Stem amboo ittosporum cvs runus laurocerasus tna runus laurocerasus Otto Luyken runus laurocerasus Rotundifolia Laurel runus lusitanica ortuguese Laurel lease contact us for advice on selection

17 14 ommon species used for container grown hedging OTAAL AM runus lusitanica Myrtifolia runus spinosa seudosasa japonica yracantha cvs Quercus ilex Rhamnus cathartica Rhododendron cvs Rosa canina Rosa rubiginosa Rosa rugosa Rosa rugosa Alba Rosa spinosissima Salix caprea Salix cinerea OMMO AM lackthorn/sloe Arrow amboo irethorn vergreen Oak uckthorn Rhododendron og Rose Sweet riar Ramanas Rose Ramanas Rose (white) urnet Rose Goat Willow Grey Sallow Willow SMALLR SZS 30/40cm 40/60cm 60/80cm 80/100cm 100/125cm 125/150cm 150/175cm 175/200cm 200/250cm 250/300cm LARGR SZS SALR LAH Santolina chamaecyparissus otton Lavender Symphiocarpos cvs Snowberry Tamarix ramosissima (syn T. pentandra) Tamarisk Tamarix tetrandra Tamarisk Taxus baccata Yew Thuja plicata Western Red edar Thuja plicata Atrovirens Viburnum lantana Wayfaring Tree Viburnum opulus Guelder Rose Viburnum tinus ommon Laurustinus Viburnum tinus ve rice - lant available cvs - ultivars - all species and cultivars cannot be listed due to vast differences in heights, flower colour, etc lease contact us for advice on selection

18 4 re-formed Hedges re-formed hedges are plants that have been intensively pruned and trimmed into shape to give an instant desired effect of a finished hedge. They tend to be top end products and are used where time and Smaller Sizes Smaller sizes tend to be grown in troughs and are limited in height. ultivars selected by growers tend to have either very compact habits or a dense habit. effect are of the essence. Larger Sizes The main species used for pre-formed hedges are agus sylvatica, arpinus betulus, uxus sempervirens and Taxus baccata, however other species are Larger sizes tend to be individual plants trimmed to a specific shape and size. Most are available in the autumn/winter as rootball. available. Larger sizes tend to be available in the autumn/winter season lanting as rootball. Smaller sized pre-formed are should be taken when planting pre- OTAAL AM Acer campestre uxus sempervirens arpinus betulus rataegus Monogyna laeagnus x ebbingei uonymus cvs agus sylvatica agus sylvatica Atropurpurea lex aquifolium cvs Ligustrum ovalifolium Ligustrum ovalifolium Aureum Ligustrum vulgare OMMO AM ield Maple ox Hornbeam Hawthorn/Quickthorn laeagnus uonymus eech opper eech Holly Oval Leaf rivet Golden rivet ommon rivet ommon species used for pre-formed hedging 15 hedges are available all year round and formed hedging to ensure that a clean line Mixed ative Hedging container grown. is achieved. Make sure that all plants are andina domestica Sacred amboo There is no industry standard for preformed hedging as yet, therefore most nurseries grow to their own specifications. Thus it is difficult to list sizes available. re- planted level with the soil level in the existing pot or rootball. hotinia x fraseri Red Robin runus laurocerasus Rotundifolia runus lusitanica Taxus baccata hotinia Laurel ortuguese Laurel Yew formed hedging is forever evolving in Viburnum tinus ommon Laurustinus response to customer demands. As a result there are many nurseries growing slightly different sizes, heights, widths etc in many different pot sizes, troughs or even as rootball. t is best to discuss your requirements and possible options with us. lease contact us for advice on selection cvs - ultivars - all species and cultivars cannot be listed due to vast differences in heights, flower colour, etc

19 5 Hedging lants for roblem Areas 16 including roof terraces, windbreaks, coastal, escription Of course not all situations for hedging are ideal. The main problem areas include roof terraces, windbreaks, coastal, exposed, hedging plants selected are best for creating cover for other plantings. Availability or roof terraces, weight will be an important issue to consider. ncorporate hydroleca and use a soil based compost to compensate for weight. f planting into exposed and polluted sites and heavily polluted sites. These situations are always a challenge when selecting plants for hedging. The plants have to be Availability of hedging plants for exposed areas is seasonally dependant. ertain lines are available all year round in planters ensure that they are big enough to support the plants requirements. Remember, big plants will need big tough, hardy and capable of withstanding containers and others are available as planters. windy conditions, possibly salt-laden winds bareroot or rootball in the autumn/winter. and sometimes heavy air pollution. lease refer to hapters 1, 2 and 3 for stablishment & Aftercare availability. Hedging plants can sway if planted on a Generally speaking plant species with large, windy, exposed site so ensure that the glossy leaves tend to cope with these Technical nformation plants are checked for windrock. Larger situations better than smaller leaved lants that are selected for exposed specimens will need staking to aid species. Larger leaves tend to collect conditions will require extra care when establishment. All plants will need staking pollution particles in the air. Hedging plants watering as plants in these situations need on exposed sites. See hapter 6 for can also be used for creating windbreaks more water than in normal situations as pruning advice. and shelterbelts. A windbreak hedging the wind removes water from the leaves. plant should be permeable allowing the Hedging plants selected for roof terraces wind to filter through reducing wind speed will benefit greatly from installation of a on the leeward side. On very exposed sites watering system. Roof terraces are not such as rural gardens, orchards and around only open and exposed in terms of wind, small holdings, planting a windbreak can but also in terms of sun. Terraces can dramatically alter the microclimate within become real hotspots on a sunny day. The table opposite lists the most common the garden. plants used in these problem areas. As lanting nformation space becomes more of a premium, roof Advantages of lants Hedging plants for exposed and coastal terraces are gaining in popularity. for Unusual Situations areas should be well watered before Obviously plants for roof terraces are Selecting the correct plant for the correct planting. f it is possible a watering system completely open to the elements and as situation is paramount for plant survival in should be installed as well. As with all new the plants are in containers they are reliant tough conditions. The table opposite plantings the ground should be dug over, on you for watering. Air and noise pollution indicates hedge plants best suited to these well prepared with organic matter and are also becoming more of an important problem areas. Although other plants will weed free. lant with a handful of organic issue when considering plant choice for tolerate some of the conditions listed, the fertiliser to promote healthy root growth. hedging in urban areas.

20 OTAAL AM Acer campestre Alnus cordata Alnus glutinosa Arbutus unedo Aucuba japonica rotonifolia erberis cvs uxus sempervirens amellia cvs arpinus betulus otoneaster cvs rataegus monogyna xuprocyparis leylandii * laeagnus x ebbingei laeagnus pungens cvs OMMO AM ield Maple talian Alder ommon Alder Strawberry Tree Spotted Laurel arberry ox amellia Hornbeam otoneaster Hawthorn Leylandii laeagnus laeagnus OASTAL XOS OLLUTO ROO TRRAS WRAKS ommon species used for hedging in problem areas 17 scallonia cvs scallonia ucalyptus gunnii ider Gum agus sylvatica eech agus sylvatica Atropurpurea opper eech uchsia Riccartonii Griselinia cvs roadleaf Hippophae rhamnoides Sea uckthorn lex aquifolium cvs Laurus nobilis Lavandula cvs Holly ay Lavender lease contact us for advice on selection continued... - lant available cvs - ultivars - all species and cultivars cannot be listed due to vast differences in heights, flower colour, etc * lease note that xupressocyparis leylandii has changed name to xuprocyparis leylandii

21 18 ommon species used for hedging in problem areas OTAAL AM Ligustrum ovalifolium Ligustrum ovalifolium Aureum Lonicera pileata cvs Olearia macrodonta Olearia x haastii Osmanthus cvs hotinia x fraseri Red Robin ittosporum cvs runus laurocerasus Otto Luyken runus laurocerasus Rotundifolia runus lusitanica runus lusitanica Myrtifolia runus spinosa yracantha cvs OMMO AM Oval Leaf rivet Gold Leaf rivet ew Zealand Holly aisy ush Sweet Olive hotinia Laurel ortuguese Laurel lackthorn irethorn OASTAL XOS OLLUTO ROO TRRAS WRAKS Rhododendron cvs Rhododendron Rosa cvs Rose Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary Salix cvs Willow Santolina chaemaecyparis otton lavender Tamarix tetrandra Tamarisk Taxus baccata Yew Viburnum tinus ommon Laurustinus Viburnum tinus ve rice - lant available cvs - ultivars - all species and cultivars cannot be listed due to vast differences in heights, flower colour, etc lease contact us for advice on selection

22 6 runing Hedging lants A hedge is a long term project and investment so establishing and maintaining its shape is vital to the continual enjoyment of your hedge. f left unchecked plants can be difficult to Hedge Shape Larger hedges benefit from the top of the runing Tools and Husbandry t is important that all pruning tools, such - Small Leaf lants eg. uxus sempervirens, Lonicera nitida. 19 prune back to a more manageable size and can also make the hedge look unsightly. hedge being tapered, ie. narrower at the as saws, secateurs, electric trimmers are Smaller leaved plants can be trimmed Therefore regular clipping/pruning is important to maintain shape and keep a balanced top than at the bottom. This shape allows kept sharp and clean. lunt cutting blades back using shears or electrical pruners. outline, particularly in the first few years of establishment. Most hedges will need to be better light penetration to the lower can cause damage and leave jagged As leaves are smaller they tend not to pruned to the desired shape before the hedge actually reaches its desired height. branches thus preventing dying off, ensures wounds that are not only unsightly but can show damage from cutting. o not trim dense growth and prevents snow also allow pests and diseases to enter the uxus sempervirens in direct sunlight as Why prune? runing when planting settlement on the top of the hedge causing plant through the open wounds. All this will cause damage to the leaf. All hedges benefit from pruning and/or Many people are nervous of pruning a damage. Hedge tops can either be trimmings should be cleaned away and trimming. Many species if left unpruned newly planted hedge - but a long term trimmed flat or slightly tapered at an angle disposed of as soon as possible after eciduous can reach tree like proportions and fail to outlook is best at the initial planting stage. depending on plant selection and pruning. Again this helps to prevent any Maintenance pruning is best undertaken create a proper boundary as required. or As a general rule follow these guidelines: aesthetics. Although it may not always spread of pests and disease. in the summer or autumn to winter. very a hedge to look attractive and create a appear obvious to the naked eye the same year trim top growth and sideshoots on a permanent feature, maintenance is a top vergreen principal applies to smaller hedges too, When and How regular basis to maintain shape. n summer priority. This is generally more important Lightly prune on planting leaving the lead such as uxus sempervirens. All hedges will need pruning on a regular trim any sideshoots to maintain shape. for formal hedges. shoot un-pruned. ut back any sideshoots basis, at least once a year. t is much easier that spoil the desired outline. Avoid pruning to prune lightly on a regular basis than onifer The main reasons to prune a hedge are: in extreme weather conditions as dieback heavy pruning every few years. Always Maintenance pruning is best undertaken To train into desired shape. can occur. ensure that there are no nesting birds when trimming a hedge. in summer. rune twice a year in the summer months to the desired shape. ut To maintain desired hedge shape. To maintain aesthetic qualities. eciduous ut back plants by up to a third on planting. ut back any weak shoots and lightly prune vergreen Maintenance pruning is best undertaken out the leading shoot when the desired height is achieved. o not prune after August/September. To stop the plants from becoming leggy. To encourage side shoots creating a denser hedge. stronger shoots to encourage branching. onifers Lightly prune on planting leaving the lead shoot un-pruned. ut back any sideshoots, TAR HG SHAS in summer. rune once or twice a year in summer to the desired shape. ut out the leading shoot when the desired height is achieved. - Large Leaf lants o not to prune in the middle of a sunny day as damage to the leaf can cause brown edges. To keep hedge productive eg. berries for wildlife. To prevent unwanted shade. To maintain security. do not prune out leading shoot. Avoid pruning in extreme weather conditions as dieback can occur. eg. runus rotundifolia, hotinia x fraseri Red Robin. Larger leaved plants should be pruned back to inside the foliage canopy to disguise the wound. o not cut across the leaves as this can cause unsightly browning. These pruning tips are intended as a guideline only. Seasonal variations may occur.

23 20 The summary table on the following pages is a condensed form of all the information from the entire booklet. This table is to be used as a guideline only, regional and seasonal variations may apply. Always check with your plant supplier for sizes, varieties and cultivars that are not listed. As with any industry, changes always occur, especially in the fields of pruning, production and planting. We have tried to be as up-to-date as possible when writing and compiling this booklet. However practices always change in response to research and differences between generations. We recommend that you keep an eye on relevant websites such as HTA and RHS for ever changing, up to date advice on planting and pruning. So, we ve covered choice, function, supply and availability... the rest is up to you! R R S S ational lant Specification agust,h The Hutchinson ictionary of lant ames: ommon & otanical. Helicon. rickell, The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z ncyclopedia of Garden lants. orling Kindersley. rickell, & Joyce, The Royal Horticultural Society. runing and Training - A ully llustrated lant by lant Manual. orling Kindersley. rookes, J Garden esign ook. orling Kindersley. erguson, Right lant, Right lace. Macmillan. Hillier, J & oombes A The Hillier Manual of Trees and Shrubs. avid and harles. Toogood, A RHS Wisley xperts. Gardeners Advice. All Your Questions Answered. orling Kindersley K Y VS - ultivars Availability R - areroot R - Rootball, - ontainer Grown ormal/nformal - ormal, - nformal oliage - vergreen - eciduous, S - Semi-vergreen, HL - Holds leaves in winter ative - ative lant erry/ruit/uts - erry/ruit/uts Thorns T - Thorns/Spines/rickly Leaves roblem Areas - oastal, - xposed - ollution, R - Roof Terraces W - Windbreaks/Shelterbelts Hardiness HH - Half hardy (can withstand temperatures down to 0º) RH - rost hardy (can withstand temperatures down to -5º) - ull hardy (can withstand temperatures down to -15º) Ref: The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z ncyclopedia of Garden lants

24 OTAAL AM Acer campestre Alnus cordata Alnus glutinosa Arbutus unedo Aucuba japonica rotonifolia erberis species cvs uxus sempervirens OMMO AM ield Maple talian Alder ommon Alder Strawberry Tree Spotted Laurel arberry ox AVALALTY R/R/ R/R/ R/R/ R/R/ R/R/ ORMAL/ ORMAL & OLAG & ATV RRY/ RUT/UTS THORS/SS/ RKLY LAVS T MATA R YAR ST TM TO RU Aut/Win Aut/Win Aut/Win Aut/Win ROLM ARAS / W W //R / //R HARSS All featured hedging 21 uxus sempervirens Suffruticosa dging ox R/R/ //R amellia cvs amellia arpinus betulus Hornbeam R/R/ & HL // ornus alba cvs Red Stem ogwood R/ Win/ ornus sanguinea ogwood R/ Win/ ornus sericea laviramea Yellow Stem ogwood R/ Win/ orylus avellana Hazel R/R/ otoneaster cvs otoneaster & & // rataegus monogyna Hawthorn/Quickthorn R/R/ T Aut // xuprocyparis leylandii Leylandii R/ //W xuprocyparis leylandii astlewellan Gold Golden Leylandii R/ //W xuprocyparis leylandii xcalibur Gold R/ //W xuprocyparis leylandii 2001 R/ //W odonea vicosa urpurea urple Hop ush HH laeagnus x ebbingei cvs laeagnus / ///R laeagnus pungens cvs laeagnus T / / scallonia cvs scallonia / //R ucalyptus gunnii ider Gum Win/ / uonymus europaeus Spindle R/R/ Win/ uonymus japonica cvs uonymus RH

25 22 All featured hedging OTAAL AM agus sylvatica agus sylvatica Atropurpurea argesia cvs eijoa sellowiana (syn Acca) uchsia Riccartonii Griselinia cvs Hippophae rhamnoides OMMO AM eech opper eech ineapple Guava roadleaf Sea uckthorn AVALALTY R/R/ R/R/ R/ ORMAL/ ORMAL & & OLAG HL HL ATV RRY/ RUT/UTS THORS/SS/ RKLY LAVS T MATA R YAR ST TM TO RU Win/ ROLM ARAS / / HARSS RH lex aquifolium Holly R/ & T // RH lex aquifolium cvs Holly R/ & T // RH lex crenata Japanese Holly Laurus nobilis ay RH Lavandula cvs Lavender /Aut /R Ligustrum ovalifolium Oval Leaf rivet R/R/ S // Ligustrum ovalifolium Aureum Golden rivet R/R/ S // Ligustrum vulgare ommon rivet R/ S Lonicera nitida cvs ox Honeysuckle R/ Lonicera pileata cvs // Malus sylvestris rab Apple R/R/ andina domestica Sacred amboo RH Olearia cvs aisy ush ///R Osmanthus cvs Sweet Olive /R hotinia x fraseri Little Red Robin hotinia / RH hotinia x fraseri Red Robin / RH hyllostachys aurea cvs Yellow Stem amboo hyllostachys nigra lack Stem amboo ittosporum cvs / RH runus laurocerasus tna R/ runus laurocerasus Otto Luyken

26 OTAAL AM runus laurocerasus Rotundifolia runus lusitanica runus lusitanica Myrtifolia runus spinosa seudosasa japonica yracantha cvs Quercus ilex OMMO AM Laurel ortuguese Laurel lackthorn/sloe Arrow amboo irethorn vergreen Oak AVALALTY R/R/ R/ R/ R/ ORMAL/ ORMAL OLAG ATV RRY/ RUT/UTS THORS/SS/ RKLY LAVS T T MATA R YAR ST TM TO RU Aut Win/ ROLM ARAS / / / / HARSS RH RH RH All featured hedging 23 Rhamnus cathartica uckthorn R/ T Rhododendron cvs Rhododendron R/ / Rosa canina og Rose R/ T Rosa rubiginosa Sweet riar R/ T Rosa rugosa Ramanas Rose R/ T Rosa spinosissima urnet Rose R/ T Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary /R RH Salix alba cvs White Willow R/ Win/ Salix caprea Goat Willow R/ Win/ Salix cinerea Grey Sallow Willow R/ Win/ Salix viminalis Osier Willow R/ Win/ Sambucus nigra lderberry R/ Win/ Santolina chamaecyparissus otton Lavender /R RH Symphiocarpos cvs Snowberry Tamarix cvs Tamarisk // Taxus baccata Yew R/R/ /Aut / Thuja plicata Western Red edar R/R/ / Thuja plicata Atrovirens R/ / Viburnum lantana Wayfaring Tree R/ Viburnum opulus Guelder Rose R/ Viburnum tinus cvs ommon Laurustinus //

27 24 1 uxus sempervirens - ox The top twelve... Small leaved evergreen native with a very dense habit. The dark green foliage has a slight scent. ox is ideal for use in parterres, knot gardens, formal low hedges 4 xuprocyparis leylandii - Leylandii A very fast growing hedging plant with an undeserved bad reputation. This reputation is usually due to bad maintenance where 7 Lavandula angustifolia cultivars - Lavender An evergreen aromatic low growing hedging plant with grey foliage. The purple blue flowers are held above the foliage and 10 runus laurocerasus Rotundifolia - Laurel A fast growing evergreen with large glossy green, leathery leaves. herry laurel is a very popular choice due to its vigorous and mixing in with herbaceous plants. ox plants have been left unchecked for many are great for attracting pollinating insects. growth rate and its dense growth habit. is very slow growing and tolerant of shady years and reached huge proportions. A classic plant for creating a compact low ommonly used in roadside planting as it conditions. Leylandii still remain a popular choice as hedge or border. Lavender is commonly is very tolerant of pollution and the large 2 arpinus betulus - Hornbeam they are good value for money due to the rapid growth rate. To keep the plants in check and the foliage dense trim lightly used to edge paths or where the plant may be brushed against to appreciate the scent. Great for a seaside garden, drought tolerant leaves also shield from noise pollution. herry Laurel is tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions and good in shade. A hardy native plant very similar to eech in appearance, it also retains its leaves in the autumn so this can lead to some confusion between the two; Hornbeam has deeper veins than eech. twice a year. 5 agus sylvatica - eech A native plant with wavy edged leaves that emerge light green in the spring, gradually when established. Requires full sun and dislikes a waterlogged soil. 8 Ligustrum ovalifolium - Oval Leaf rivet 11 runus lusitanica - ortuguese Laurel A fast growing evergreen with pointed dark green glossy leaves with bright red stems. The glossy green leaves turn golden darkening throughout the season to a A semi-evergreen hedging plant with plain The leaves are smaller than a herry Laurel yellow in the autumn and then brown coppery brown in the autumn. eech is a green slightly pointed leaves and white and much darker in colour. The red stems later in the season. Although the plant is versatile plant and is easily used for both flowers that are attractive to both on the new growth stand out brilliantly deciduous it can be classed as semi formal hedge plantings and mixed native butterflies and birds. ommon rivet may against the dark foliage. The ortuguese evergreen as it holds onto its leaves hedges. Tolerates sun and shade and most lose some leaves in a severe winter. t is Laurel is tolerant of many conditions and throughout the winter. lants should be soils except extreme wet conditions. reasonably fast growing and will need is slightly more drought resistant than the pruned in late summer to ensure the leaves are retained. 3 rataegus monogyna - Hawthorn 6 lex aquifolium - Holly Slow growing hardy evergreen plant useful for sites that requires little maintenance. The leaves are prickly and dark glossy trimming at least twice a year to keep the foliage dense. 9 hotinia x fraseri Red Robin - hotinia herry Laurel. 12 Taxus baccata - Yew A classic native plant choice for traditional formal hedges. Slow growing dense An absolute staple plant for any mixed or green in colour. ommon Holly has a dense A real favourite evergreen hedging plant evergreen foliage with lovely bright green native hedge. This thorny plant is a real growth habit and forms a good hedge for having gained in popularity in the last shoots in the spring. Red fruits are tough cookie and will grow in almost any security purposes. The Holly is quite a decade or so. rilliant red glossy young produced in the autumn, these are situation across the UK. A native of the versatile plant providing berries for birds, growth is produced in the spring gradually poisonous to humans but much enjoyed ritish countryside and widely valued for winter colour and is good for use in seaside fading to dark glossy green leaves later in by birds. Yew is relatively easy to grow and its white flowers in May followed by shiny and industrial areas. Will tolerate most soils the summer. hotinia is easy to grow and tolerant of most soils, even chalk. Also red berries in the autumn. and likes full to partial shade. tolerant of most conditions. tolerant of shady sites.

28 ROVR URSRS

29 ROVR U R S R S The Landscape entre Leydenhatch Lane Swanley, Kent R8 7S lants: roducts: sales@provendernurseries.co.uk rrp 6.99