Architectural Design of Chamran Residential Complex of Tabriz

Transcription

1 Abstract Architectural Design of Chamran Residential Complex of Tabriz Ali Jahanbini Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Akbar Abdollahzadeh Taraf* Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran (Author for Correspondence) Every society, according to history, culture, economic, political and social self, makes housing. Given the changes that have occurred in housing design, it is not clear that these developments will be able to realize the sense of attachment to place and residential environments. Between the physical plan of the residential complex and the sense of attachment to place residents there is a positive relationship. The physical layout of the residential complexes induced mental images and beauty and by facilitating social interaction, activities and creation of resident satisfaction in the form of attachment to place are effective. A very important factor in the evaluation of individuals than to determine the desired location for habitation, attention to the provision of residential satisfaction from being used. In fact, residential satisfaction is a subjective reaction to the environment objective. To avoid the problem of lack of awareness of the needs of users and obtain generalized needs of housing beneficiaries, the different methods used. One of these methods to develop design guidelines aimed at translating user needs into design standards and recommendations and other methods, researching the history of settlement that aims to use existing data to better respond to the needs of future beneficiaries. Chamran Residential Complex of Tabriz is currently facing serious problems in terms of physical exhaustion. Burnout central heating, physical exhaustion of internal systems (plumbing, electrical) and lack of light in the environment, including major problems is that the number of residents has been forced to give up their home unit and with respect to the victims of the recent earthquake in Azerbaijan, which causes a drop in the value of residential units in the complex, It has also caused performance degradation. Now the lack of attention given to the need to learn complex problems it is placed in priority, to use it, taking important steps to revitalize this complex tissue architecture have been designed to be removed. The purpose of this research, architectural design Chamran Residential Complex of Tabriz with due regard to positive and negative features set is removed that would lead to the creation of satisfaction in the future residents. Keywords: Residential complex, Satisfaction, Residence, Attachment to place, Residential environment. Page 2013

2 1. Introduction To date, whatever culture, economy and aspects of human life evolved, he has changed housing. Therefore with the cultural transformation in any society, the evolution of the housing will be evident. Every society, according to the history, culture, economic, political and social one, to build on the kind of housing (Kashfi et al., 2012: 8). After the Industrial Revolution, the process of urbanization in the world increasingly grew and then, problems such as housing shortages created (Rezai and Komaei- Zadeh, 2013: 14). The residential complex consists of a number of building blocks that can contain different types of housing (single-family, apartment buildings and high rises) is. In these complexes, apartment blocks on a piece of land are based on pre-determined plan (Azizi and Malik Mohammad Nejad, 2007: 28). Designing of housing in bulk usually associated decline in quality. Given the changes that have occurred in housing design, it is not clear that these developments will be able to realize the sense of attachment to place and residential environments. Research has shown that the quality and characteristics of the physical environment can meet the expectations and needs of the people as well. Due to differences in the design of the residential complex there is, it seems Focus on physical layout of the residential complex, measuring attachment to the place and role of different designs on a sense of people's physical location to provide its own. The physical layout of the residential complex and a sense of attachment to place residents there is a positive relationship. This interactive relationship perception by creating interest in meeting the needs and expectations of the residents affected. According to the definition of location, physical layout is an environmental factor, in the sense of attachment to place. Physical design of residential complexes, with the induction of mental images, beauty, and by facilitating social interaction, activities and resident satisfaction in the form of attachment to place are effective (Sadeghi fereshteh et al., 2012: 8). The creation of housing desirability for people in different social conditions including duties on responsibility of planners, architects and dwelling designers. Architects are obliged to follow the factors affecting the desirability housing and architects are obliged to follow the factors contributing to the favorable housing, for people who have a national culture or customs and expectations of their own (Deviran et al., 2011: 71). Following a growing trend of urbanization in recent decades in Iran, housing has become one of the most important issues. In this regard, mass production of housing, as a model with advantages such as technical feasibility, economic and time, the case has been seriously considered and residential complexes can be the physical manifestation of the idea of mass housing in cities, he said (Malek Mohammad Nejad and Azizi, 2007: 27). The spread of mass housing and integration in cities rather than in accordance with individual needs and family housing units, causing inflexibility has been set. The cause of this problem is that the design and construction of mass housing rarely is there a direct relationship between the design and operation of housing (Eynifar, 2003: 65). Large urban spaces and park-like in modern urban planning, to humiliate human beings made in the city And in most cases not faithful to his idea to create a park and Instead of large-scale green space for parking in residential complexes made (Rapaport, 1977:1). Designers in the modern era, with poor design spaces between the private sphere and the public sphere, and lack of proper definition of semi-public and semi-private areas, causing loss of control and monitoring actions were public arena (Newman, 2008: 54). Now to avoid the problem of lack of awareness of the needs of users and obtain generalized needs of housing beneficiaries, the different methods used. One of these methods, the development of design guidelines that aims to translate user needs into design standards and recommendations and another method of investigating the history of settlement that aims to use existing data to better respond to the needs of future beneficiaries (Eynifar, 2003: 65). Page 2014

3 Chamran Residential Complex of Tabriz is currently facing serious problems in terms of physical exhaustion. Burnout central heating, physical exhaustion of internal systems (plumbing, electrical) and lack of light in the environment, including major problems is that the number of residents has been forced to give up their home unit and with respect to the victims of the recent earthquake in Azerbaijan, which causes a drop in the value of residential units in the complex, It has also caused performance degradation. Now the lack of attention given to the need to learn complex problems it is placed in priority, to use it, taking important steps to revitalize this complex tissue architecture have been designed to be removed. The purpose of this research, architectural design Chamran Residential Complex of Tabriz with due regard to positive and negative features set is removed that would lead to the creation of satisfaction in the future residents. According to this, this article is trying to make a polemical approach of the design process and the involvement of users in the design process the values of participation, the obstacles and problems in the research literature and design, it is subject to challenge and provide a desirable plan. 2. Research questions 2-1. The main question - What factors related to the design is important in increasing the satisfaction of residents in residential complexes? 2-2. Ancillary questions - Residential complexes what species is the space formed? - What is the spatial characteristics of each of these spaces? - Which architectural form can help to promote a sense of belonging and a sense of neighborhood in a residential complex? - Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of this form, what could it be? 3. Research purposes - Explain the features forms for residential complex Chamran of Tabriz, that would be responsive to the satisfaction of living in the complex. - Identify space types residential complexes. - Identify spatial characteristics of each of these spaces. - Explain the architectural form that can promote a sense of belonging and help create a sense of neighborhood in a residential complex. - Determine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of this form. 4. Methodology Given that the design of the residential complex of Chamran, according to the needs of the residents will be done, therefore, should future needs of residents of different age and sex groups living in the complex be considered. One of the design models that can be considered the needs of users in the design, Model of the design process is controversial. The models affected by developments in urban and regional planning and a willingness to participate more in the decision-making process, and have used the results of these developments (Davidoff, 1965: 331). The result of these developments, movements "community design" and "design with the participation of the people" that, in this design approach one of the main goals of the design process, Designer to find a solution, argues with himself and others involved. He provides background to understand the status quo. During the work, the principles of solution grows and implementation is expected to be evaluated and Page 2015

4 decisions about it. Interest groups running in each period, with acceptable risks involved. In this way, issues associated with obtaining a clearer view of solutions classified (Lang, 2003: 48). On the other hand based on the nature and purpose of the design of the project design, pattern recognition approach, to identify spatial patterns of residential complexes explored. Thus, efforts are made to different activities in different spatial patterns in the complex, to be inspected. 5. Types of form of housing a) Independent single-unit homes b) The central courtyard houses c) Urban homes d) High-rise apartments e) Residential complexes with an average height Environmental aspects 1. Proper ventilation 2. The restricted mode orientation Table of comparing of the types of housing Economic Social aspects Species form aspects 1. Making cheap 1. less 2. Lack of compliance with efficient use of neighbors land resources 2. Anti-social 3. Imposing individual high cost of households building infrastructure in the city Typology Independe nt singleunit homes 1. Possibility of natural ventilation from two directions 2. Orientation more limited spaces than single independent houses 1. Efficient use of energy and land 2. The cost of construction, maintenance and utility cheaper 1. Extrovert 2. More social 3. Suitable for smaller families and without children Urban homes Page 2016

5 1. The effect of enclosed yard in the climate control around the house 2. Outdoor defined not see from the street and not from the neighborhood 3. Local open space suitable for growing flowers, plants and trees 1. Efficient use of land 2. Coordination between the height and width of the street 3. Cost less access to urban facilities 1. Proper boundaries to portray ownership 2. Provide real peace and privacy for residents 3. lack of aristocracy of the adjacent houses The central courtyard houses 1. Create air turbulence on the sidewalk 2. Create shadow on surrounding buildings. 1. Securely in front of the wind 2. Less ghosting 3. Being open space in the center of the complex, as a result of direct access to the streets of the city residents and the use of 1. Increase the cost of building 2. High cost of services mechanical systems 3. Increased cost of elevators 1. The optimum use of land 2. No need for complex structural systems 3. No need to artificially push installations 4. Cheap lifts 5. Natural ventilation 6. Energysaving 1. Living in the High-rise apartments for the wealthy is very beneficial and pleasant. 2. Lack of security 3. Lack of familiarity with neighbors 4. Separation of street actions 1. Sense of security for residents 2. Easy to recognize neighbor 3. better visibility to public spaces High-rise apartment s Residentia l complexe s with an average height Page 2017

6 green space enclosed, safe and beautiful 6. Types of residential spaces Private spaces - Semi-public spaces - Public spaces 6-1. Private spaces One of the most important concepts taken from questionnaires specialists, a concept that "the comforts of home" is named. Experts say more people care about the quality and quantity of interior design, therefore, by increasing the amount of psychological comfort within the home, social stability increases, in other words, according to experts, residential complexes stability before anything else, is impressed by the comfort of home (Sadjadi ghaemmaghami et al., 2010:80). Comfort inside the house, is the dependent variable mediator and affect stability And variables such as the size and quality of the original spaces (living room and bedrooms) and quality of service spaces (kitchen and bathrooms) and the flexibility and ability to change the interior layout and size and total area of the house and building materials used in and outside the home and interior design and the quality of its products to the public and private arena, is affected (Sadjadi ghaemmaghami et al., 2010:81) Semi-public spaces A significant percentage of residential complexes dependent on the stability of the social order that is common spaces. Here is the order of function spaces and complementary services (garage, warehouse) facilities and heating and cooling and environmental health and quality of care, running and maintaining them. Factors causing this order, such as having each unit of a local parking and storage in designated proprietary, creates discipline in the complex as well as the relationship between the residents will be together. The tensions and conflicts arising from uncertainty or car parks elsewhere, slows down and as a result, psychological comfort and health, relationships and happiness of our neighbors will be achieved. In addition, the proper functioning heating and cooling facilities, and hygiene facilities and common areas, a great impact on mental relaxation and comfort residents and will consequently social stability (Sadjadi ghaemmaghami et al., 2010:84). Comfort inside the house, due to the public order, and the good performance of mechanical and electrical joint and vice versa. In this regard, Schultz's theory is remarkable. In one of his studies, the course introduces the historical link external and internal environments. In his opinion, in the modern Page 2018

7 architecture, external and internal environments are overlapping. In other words, today's life, not end to the interior of housing units (Memarian, 2005: 340) Public spaces Residential complexes as the most complex and the most basic performance in the field of architecture emerged in the last two centuries and can have a huge impact on the behavior of residents and their relationships. This complexes, combination of open and closed spaces are numerous interrelated and intertwined. Outdoor spaces as an integral part of residential complexes, both in terms of social relationships, and are important both in terms of structure and urban landscape. As well Jan Gehl, Danish architect and urban planner, the core of his research on the interaction of sociology and psychology has focused urban public spaces, in his famous book, titled "Life between the buildings", human basic social activities, including activities in urban open spaces knows. He also believes that the role of these spaces in the formation of meetings, discussions and social activities has an important effect. In fact, residential open spaces are a manifestation of the collective nature of life and afford growth opportunities for creativity, social context, reciprocity and social interaction are residents (Yazdani and Teimuri, 2013: 86). 7. Conclusion Type of urban housing has a significant impact on the environment of urban life. Since some of the design principles and the shape of the town houses in such a way that controls the spaces inhabited by the desired syntax is possible, security in cities with very tiny fee provision. When buildings are more than 6 class, the crime rate will increase dramatically. If planning and housing policy, cleverly done and instead of a separate order of tall buildings, The policy is applied, through which the housing of people in the form of residential complexes of medium height, based on the principles of open spaces by building bodies possible, quality of urban life will increase dramatically. Buildings with an average height of six to eight floors, not only a substantial number of residential units on the ground floor suitable for families with children and the elderly population and systems provide Rather, a large number of luxury residential units with terraces, on the floor will last. In these buildings, diverse mix of residents are living together and security arise through their control. Collections of this kind, in economic terms, with the financial strength of a large number of people are compatible, because Low prices all of the construction is characteristic of these buildings. Factors affecting the formation plan: Page 2019

8 (a) (b) (c) (d) (c) a) Building deployment in the sun. b) The definition of walkways in central axis. c) The definition of a central courtyard between residential blocks. d) Establishment of community centers for communal and public spaces. e) The definition of access routes cavalry, in the form of loops. Page 2020

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