Outdoor Recreation and Sports in Nature Friend or Foe? A literature review
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1 Outdoor Recreation and Sports in Nature Friend or Foe? A literature review Popularity is increasing reflection is needed 4 th Euromeet Sport and Nature Conference, La Seu De Urgell, September 2017 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund Lake Tekapu NZ, 2014, Private Photo.
2 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 27/09/17 Background Popularity of outdoor recreation and adventure tourism in Europe, with increasing.. demand of natural recreational areas, management and planning evidence supporting the wellbeing and public health benefits of natural environments But at the same time.. concern of protecting landscapes from degradation, 'over-usage and undesirable mass-tourism Bell et al. (2007). Outdoor recreation and nature tourism: A European perspective. Living Reviews in Landscape Research, 1(2), Photo from web 2
3 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 27/09/17 Main Question: Should Outdoor Sports development be facilitated, due to the related health benefits or prohibited in concern of the environment? Outdoor Recreation and Sports in Nature Friend or Foe? Private Photo 3
4 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 27/09/17 Aim of presentation: - Stimulate reflection of how nature is being used and with what arguments outdoor sports and recreation are validated - Outline Friend Foe aspects to provide a better understanding for management and policy-makers Literature Review - Peer reviewed journal articles ranging from Contemporary literature and research articles accounting for the majority Terminology: - Outdoor Sports, Outdoor Recreation, Adventure Activities, Extreme Sports, Nature Sports Which are used? 4
5 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 27/09/17 Overview - Outdoor Recreation and Sports in Nature 2. Role in modernity 1. Well being 3. Space for outdoor recreation? 4. Perceptions of outdoor recreation 5
6 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 27/09/17 1. Natural environments and human well being Outdoor recreation activities sustain wellbeing and health what is the research? - Additional mental health benefits in comparison to indoor environments - Green space' and Green Exercise' - Quality of life, improved wellbeing, stress relief - A 'synergetic health effect of physical and mental health parameters in outdoor recreation References provided upon request 6
7 27/09/17 Private Photo Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 7
8 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 27/09/17 2. The role of adventure sports and tourism in modernity - Increasing health challenges in European context WHO Regional Office for Europe. (2013). Health 2020: A European Policy Framework and Strategy for the 21st Century, Natural recreational spaces and/or better public access improve wellbeing Abraham et al.. (2010). Landscape and well-being: a scoping study on the health-promoting impact of outdoor environments. International Journal of Public Health, 55(1), Natural environments impact people's outdoor recreation and physical activity participation Andkjær, S., & Arvidsen, J. (2015). Places for active outdoor recreation - A scoping review. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 12,
9 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 27/09/17 3. Space for Outdoor Recreation? European landscape policies Conflicting use of land and space in Europe is a fundamental issue "Tensions are rising almost everywhere as society s needs for both resources and space, conflict with the capacity of the land to support and absorb these needs' Where is space for outdoor recreation positioned on the list of European societies priorities? European Environment Agency (EEA) report on 'Land use' (EEA, 2008, p. 5) 9
10 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 27/09/17 4. Perceptions of outdoor recreation A consumption of natural environments? Urry, J. (1992). The Tourist Gaze Revisited : The Concept of The Gaze of the Tourist. The American Behavioral Scientist, Sage Publications, Inc. 1992, 36 Nov/Dec(2), Pomfret, G., & Bramwell, B. (2014). The characteristics and motivational decisions of outdoor adventure tourists: a review and analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 3500(January 2015), Extreme sports causing over-usage of landscapes? Burgin, S., & Hardiman, N. (2012). Extreme sports in natural areas : looming disaster or a catalyst for a paradigm shift in land use planning? Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 55(7), The 'use of nature' as 'thrill-scapes Gyimthy, S.,et al. (2015). Popculture tourism. In Tourism Research Frontiers: Beyond the Boundaries of Knowledge (Tourism So, pp ). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Private Photo Photo from web Kayaking? Which one is more accepted by society? 10
11 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 27/09/17 Outdoor recreation and the environment Mass-tourism and over-usage (miss management) Redpath et al. (2013). Understanding and managing conservation conflicts. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(2), Fennell, D., & Dowling, R. (2003). Ecotourism Policy and Planning. Wallingford: Wallingford: CAB International. Example: Mass tourism at Mt. Gunug Rinjani, Lombok, Indonesia 2015 Private Photo Outdoor experiences and sustainibility (awareness) Prince, H. (2016). Outdoor experiences and sustainability. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 17(2), Example: Surf-rider Foundation, facilitating BEACH CLEANUPS Private Photo 11
12 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 27/09/17 Spectrum of Outdoor Recreation and Sports in Nature Outdoor Sport/Recreation Adventure Sport Extreme Sport Nature Connection Health and well-being Nature use Health Risk? FRIEND FOE Enable and promote Sustainible management - care for environment Commercial interests Mass tourism/ consumption Over-usage, constrain to the environment 12
13 Conclusion Lisbeth Kronsted Lund, 4th Euro meet Sport and Nature Conference. 27/09/17 1. Outdoor recreation activities sustain wellbeing and nature connection 2. Conservation and outdoor recreation are not contradictory if well managed! 3. Generally, use of environment for outdoor recreation can be justified but management and assessment tools are needed 13
14 Outdoor Recreation and Sports in Nature Friend or Foe? A literature review Thanks for your interest! Questions? 4 th Euromeet Sport and Nature Conference, La Seu De Urgell, September 2017 Lisbeth Kronsted Lund lakkl@hotmail.com
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