Wageningen Environmental Research

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1 Wageningen Environmental Research Monitoring the touristic values of European landscape , Martin Goossen

2 Overview - Introduction - Application - Results - Conclusion

Introduction Mires and bogs are the most threatened groups of habitats in Europe, followed by grasslands, freshwater habitats and coastal habitats (Janssen et al, 2016).

3 Introduction Mires and bogs are the most threatened groups of habitats in Europe, followed by grasslands, freshwater habitats and coastal habitats (Janssen et al, 2016). Landscapes in Europe have been undergoing fragmentation and overall loss: - Abandonment of areas leads to loss of identity - urban encroachment is taking over old landscapes - disappearance of many small farmers Landscapes require care, which is difficult to guarantee when no income from the land is available. Solution: Tourism???

4 Introduction Tourism can bring many benefits: - employment - increased social, economic and cultural prosperity - enhanced environmental conservation Increasing levels of tourism in rural areas can potentially: - harm the same environment which attracts tourists in the first place - conflicts can arise, especially between those primarily concerned with the environment and those focused on economic development.

5 Introduction

6 Introduction The central question is: How to collect landscape preferences data of the consumers (tourists) on an European scale without using traditional inquiries which are very costly

Application Smart landscape tool e-scape (Electronic information system for landscape preferences) : - Introduction of www.myplacetobe.

7 Application Smart landscape tool e-scape (Electronic information system for landscape preferences) : - Introduction of - First European database with land use preferences - Database with personalized map Users (PSPP): - Public (tourists) - Science - Private (tourism industry) - Policy

8 Public The website - connect geographical databases with individual preferences (prefer and don t prefer) - Saving and store all preferences and maps made Outcome is a personalized map with recommendations Your own Holiday Planner

9 Science: Monitoring preferences Climate indicators Altitude differences Recreation Activities Type of users Type of Holiday Type of Land use at tourist destination Type of Land use in the surroundings Attractiveness of landscape around home

Policy Use outcomes to make smart spatial and planning decisions Explore the consequences of these decisions Compute most favourite destination(s) in

10 Policy Use outcomes to make smart spatial and planning decisions Explore the consequences of these decisions Compute most favourite destination(s) in country/region Which type of land use is most favourable (by Italian or Dutch); important in Ecosystem services studies Tool to stimulate tourism in Europe

11 Results - 11,500 unique visitors - 45% of the visitors is male. - The average age is 37 years. - About 19,000 personalized maps Country N % Netherlands Belgium United Kingdom France Germany Spain Canada Italy Switzerland United States Others

Results 16% prefer mountains (500-1500 meter) and hills (100-500 meter) Amount (%) type of holiday per country Type Total BE DE FR NL UK Active 31 30 40

12 Results 16% prefer mountains ( meter) and hills ( meter) Amount (%) type of holiday per country Type Total BE DE FR NL UK Active Beach City trip Other Water sport No specific N

Results The amount of visitors (%) with preference of type of land use Land use Yes No Indifferent Forest 47 1 52 Villages 40 3 57 Beaches, dunes and sands 33 3 64 Natural grassland 30 3 67 Fresh

13 Results The amount of visitors (%) with preference of type of land use Land use Yes No Indifferent Forest Villages Beaches, dunes and sands Natural grassland Fresh water Mixed arable land and pastures Moors and Heathlands Plantation Pastures Shrubs Glaciers and perpetual snow Wetlands Arable land Marshes Almost no vegetation Industry

Results Average (%) amount of preferred land use by country Land use Total BE DE FR NL UK Forest 23.5 22.7 25.8 23.0 23.6 21.8 Beaches, dunes and sands 19.6 21.8 17.2 19.9 19.5 21.5 Villages 15.7 19.

14 Results Average (%) amount of preferred land use by country Land use Total BE DE FR NL UK Forest Beaches, dunes and sands Villages Natural grassland Fresh water Mixed arable land and pastures Glaciers and perpetual snow Moors and Heathlands Plantation Pastures Shrubs Arable land Wetlands Marshes Almost no vegetation Industry =significant more; 14.3=significant less

15 Results Attractiveness of landscape around home (average) Spain 7,1 France 6,8 Italy 6,5 Germany 6,5 The Netherlands 6,3 United Kingdom 6,1 Belgium 5,6

Conclusion First European database with preferences Landscape recommendations at any geographical scale Tool for monitoring, regional (tourism) development, protection Mires and bogs are not the very

16 Conclusion First European database with preferences Landscape recommendations at any geographical scale Tool for monitoring, regional (tourism) development, protection Mires and bogs are not the very preferred landscape for tourism use Natural grasslands, freshwater and coastal area are preferred by tourists but these are vulnerable areas Forests and heathland are (very) preferred by tourists and they have a relatively low proportions of habitat threatening.

17 Recommendations Stimulate tourism in forests and heath land areas. Tailor made solutions tourism in natural grasslands, freshwater and coastal area Tourism is not the most suitable sector for regional economy in scrub and sparsely vegetated landscape Promote the website More user friendly for example known region as reference

Thanks for listening Sub-titel corps 28 News Gothic regular Martin.

18 Thanks for listening Sub-titel corps 28 News Gothic regular GET INSPIRED FOR A HOLIDAY IN EUROPE:

Recreational experiences as a guide for management and designing nature areas.

Recreational experiences as a guide for management and designing nature areas. Martin Goossen Alterra Green World Research Wageningen University Research The Netherlands Martin.goossen@wur.nl +31 317 481674