Heat Extractor. Spring John Baggett, Javon Campbell, Richard Lamothe, & Ryan Oppel

Transcription

1 Heat Extractor Spring 2011 John Baggett, Javon Campbell, Richard Lamothe, & Ryan Oppel Submitted to: Professor Richard Roberts Date: April 29, 2011

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract... 3 Introduction & Background Research. 3 Design... 8 Budget Application Appendix AError! Bookmark not defined. Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Definitions & Abbreviations Work Cited Contacts Page 2

3 ABSTRACT Energy, in the form of heat, is used to dry clothes and then the excess heat is expelled through a clothes dryer s exhaust. A system was designed to capture this unused energy and reuse it to preheat water entering an existing boiler or hot water tank. This unit is feasible for commercial establishments such: as hotels, Laundromats and hospitals where there are numerous dryers and the capability and capacity to run the dryers throughout the day. Multiple tests were conducted on both electric and gas fueled dryers to gain insight on different loading conditions. Tests validated both electric and gas dryers ability to maintain high dryer heat exhaust over the length of the dryer cycle. Average exhaust temperatures of 126 F and 112 F were determined through testing for electric and gas dryers respectively. Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Engineering Equation Software (EES) these inlet temperatures, along with fluid and design parameters, were used to calculate the overall heat transfer rate (b& ) of 2450W. The liquid side outlet temperature was then calculated to be 275% of the initial liquid side inlet temperature after one pass through the heat extracting system. After five passes through the dryer heat extracting system the liquid side temperature increases from 4.44 C to 33 C. Sending water at 33 C instead of 4.44 C to an average boiler with an efficiency of 80% and a draw of 300 gallons per day will save $3.90 per day thus paying off the cost of the system within 304 days. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND RESEARCH Going green is fast rising form of engineering. For this project our group wanted to go green and be a part of this new type of engineering. Re-engineering existing technology is an excellent way to increase the efficiency of resources that are being used. Heat is a form of energy that is often expelled into the atmosphere. This wasted heat can be harnessed and put to use. There are a variety of ways to harness heat, and to utilize the energy once it is captured. Existing Forms of Capturing Wasted Heat For years consumers have been trying to innovate ways to utilize this wasted energy. The most common form of harnessing is by simply dumping the exhaust into a plenum, the basement, or attic. There are many problems with these possible solutions. First of all, the exhaust coming out of a gas dryer is extremely toxic and deadly to be inhaled. There is a large quantity of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide along with many other fumes that are silent killers. These fumes are not always noticeable to the human nose and cause brain damage or even death depending upon the amount inhaled. There is also a massive amount of particulate in the exhaust from lint that is very flammable. By dumping this air into any sort of plenum, the consumer is setting up fire hazards all over their house. Page 3

4 This is now regulated by fire code and it is illegal in many states to dump the air back into residential and commercial buildings due to the numerous amounts of fires. A third issue is that the exhaust air is very humid. The humidity can cause mold and wood to rot if it s being vented to a small space with little air circulation. Finally there is a lot to be said about exhausting the dryer in the shortest distance possible. The smaller the length of ducting that the exhausted air has to pass through, the less surface area there is for lint to build up. This buildup in lint increases the fouling effect and cause a backpressure. Figure 1 Attic with mold Figure 1 of the attic above shows an immense amount of mold and rotting of wood. This attic has been cleaned of particulate; however there is a serious health risk along with the damage to the structural integrity of the roof. Many forms of mold cause allergen spores and some specific type of mold are dangerous to inhale. A second solution that is commonly used in effort to recapture wasted heat is by using a heat deflector, as seen in Figure 2. This idea increases the efficiency to a degree. It does capture heat and dispense the heat into the room, however this product is only beneficial in the winter, if heating the room that is dryer is located in. Many commercial and residential dryers are already expelling a large quantity of heat into the room and sometimes that is unwanted. In the summer time this product will dump the heat outside, if you wall mounted on an exterior wall, but this does nothing for harnessing the energy wasted. Another problem that this concept has is that along with the hot air being expelled into the room is extremely humid. Humid air may not be the desired form of heat for every application. If humid air is not desired, then the purchase of a dehumidifier would be required. This extra expense would not only offset any money saved off of the heating bill, and it would also increase the cost of the electric bill.

5 Figure 2 Exhaust Deflector A third problem with this type of system is that the lint will be passing through a rigorous filtration system in order to allow some of the heat to make it out into the room. Since there will be so much filtration, the lint traps will need to be cleaned often to prevent backpressure. The prevention of backpressure is extremely important because it will directly affect the efficiency of the dryer. Putting strain on the dryers heating fan will lower the internal temperature and reduce the heat that is put into the clothing. This system will not be allowed for use with a gas dryer due to the issues with toxic fumes that were previously listed.

6 Electricity When attempting to form an auxiliary solution that would capture the heat there were many factors that came into play. The overall goal is to increase the efficiency of the resources being used to run the dryer. From this point, capture of heat can be used to heat another process that would subsequently save the consumer either gas, or electricity. The cost of electricity for a small commercial business in the city of Boston as delivered by NSTAR is $ per kwh. This cost is shown in the Figure 3 below. Figure 3 Basic Service from NStar Our group saw this cost of kwh as a stepping stone to build off of. This number would give the overall amount of hours that it would take in order to pay for the bolt on system that we intended to invent. By taking the overall cost of our product and dividing it by $ we would arrive at how many kwh of electricity we would need our modification to save the system before it would pay for itself. Dryer Operation Before tackling the object of capturing heat, it was essential to understand how a clothes dryer works. This ensured that we would not be interfering with the performance of the dryer. Hot air is formed from a heating coil and blown into the dryer via a fan. The hot, humid air was inducted through a blower and pulled out through an exhaust vent. This exhaust is typically vented out of the house or building with as direct a path as possible. These dryers are run off of either gas or electricity. The main difference between gas and electric dryers is that the heating element is a resistor for the electricity and it is flame heated for the

7 gas dryer. There are two temperature sensors that regulate the operation of the dryer. If for some reason either of these sensors exceeds more than 160 degrees Fahrenheit, they automatically shut the dryer down. This is done to prevent the lint from lighting on fire and shooting flames up the exhaust. Figure 4 Dryer Schematic Based off of Figure 4 above and from our experience in heat transfer and thermodynamics, we decided that as long as we were not prohibiting the flow of exhaust, we could run the hot air of some form of heat exchanger in order to extract the heat. From this hypothetical form of extraction, we had a first step, however there are multiple forms of heat exchangers and multiple applications for each type of heat exchanger. This led us to brainstorm many ideas and form a design matrix in order to determine which idea solved our overall problem.

8 DESIGN Heat Extraction System Figure 5 System Schematic Figure 5 is a schematic of the water side of the system. Starting from left to right the main water supply splits off into the cold and hot water line (1) & (2) respectively. The hot water line(2) then feeds into the pressure regulator (3) which controls the mass flow rate going into the heat exchanger(5). Once the water passes through the heat exchanger (5) it increases in temperature and is stored in the holding tank (13). Once the water in the holding tank (13) drops below a desired temperature, the temperature sensor (9) turns on a switch, which also needs the dryer on, in order to turn on the pump to circulate the water through the one way valve (4) and back through the pressure regulator (3), heat exchanger (5) and back to the holding tank (13). The water will continue to circulate on that path until either the temperature sensor (9) says the water in the holding tank (13) is at the desired temperature or the dryer is turned off. Page 8

9 Matrix Concentric tubes Coil Wrapped Bottoming Cycle Internal Bank of Tubes Category Multiplier Rating Score Rating Score Rating Score Cost Effectiveness Implementation Feasibility Space Requirements Total Multiplier Scale Rating Scale 1 Not Important 1 Worst Very Important Best Table 1 Design Matrix

10 Three Design Ideas The first design was of a Concentric Tubes heat exchanger that ran in counter flow, see Figure 6. The hot air would flow through a central tube that ran through a hollow insulated box. This box had and inlet and outlet that would be attached to the water main on the inlet side and the boiler on the outlet side. The idea was that the hot air from the dryer would pre-heat the water running to the boiler. Figure 6 Concentric Heat Exchanger The second design was of a Coil Wrapped Bottoming Cycle. This heat exchanger consisted of using glycol tubing wrapped around the dryer exhaust and the water main, see Figure 7. The glycol would absorb the heat, run up the tube to the water main, and heat the water main. This system had the tubing wrap multiple times around both sets of piping in order to maximize the amount of surface area the tubes were touching. This system would require a sealed internal pump in order to circulate the fluid. Page 10

11 Figure 7 Coil Wrapped Heat Exchanger The third design was of an Internal Bank of Tubes. This heat exchanger would use an exhaust collar to capture the hot air, blow it over an internal bank of tubes, and dump the rest of the exhaust to the existing ducting, as shown in Figure 8. This unit could easily bolt on to an existing systems ducting with minor modifications to the HVAC. The internal tubing would connect to the water main and preheat the water going to the boiler. Figure 8 Internal Bank of Tubes Assembly After applying knowledge and theory gained from heat transfer, the coil wrapped bottoming cycle was immediately removed from the competition. The internal sealed pumping system raised the cost, along with the danger of a possible glycol leak causing contamination issues. There is immense vibration through these systems and the bottoming cycle design did not allow for vibration. This system also required the water main to be located directly next to the dryer. If the water main was too far away from the dryers exhaust, the glycol would lose its heat at a rapid rate and exponentially lose its efficiency. Multiple conclusions can be drawn from a comparison of the EES data collected from a system analysis of the internal bank of tubes and a CFD for the Concentric Tubes. The data collected helped determine the ratings of the design matrix. The first problem with the concentric tubes is that only 1 dryer exhaust can be connected to the exhaust pipe. With the shroud design for the internal bank of tubes, up to 4 exhaust ducts can be attached at the same time to one heat exchanger. This immediately raises the cost of the concentric tube system when comparing to the internal bank of tubes. Another comparison that was drawn was the size of the concentric tube heat exchanger, and how easily it would fit into an application. The concentric tubes would require a large pipe in order to transfer the same amount of surface area that a bank of tubes can have. This further proves that the internal bank of tubes design would be able to fit more easily into more applications than the concentric tubes design. Experimental Data To size and design the components within the heat extraction system experimental data was collected, this is located in Appendix B.

12 CALCULATIONS Engineering Equation Solver (EES) was used to perform calculations. EES is a general equation solver with built-in functions for thermodynamic and transport properties. EES can also be used to solve differential and integral equations, check unit consistency, do optimization and uncertainty analyses, provide linear and non-linear regression, and generate publication-quality plots.

13 Results

14 Figure 11 Groundwater Temperature

15 Iterations Temp and Heat Transfer Rate as a Function of Mass Flow Rate Q (W) Temp (C) 0.5 m 0.75 m 1.0m 0.5 m m 1.0 m Mass Flow Rate (kg/s) 0 Figure 12 Heat Transfer Rate and Temperature as a Function of Mass Flow Rate Page 15

16 3000 Heat Transfer Rate and Outlet Temp as a Function of Area Q (W) Temp (C) Q_dot T_h_o T_c_o Area (M^2) 0 Figure 13 Heat Transfer Rate and Temperature as a Function of Area

17 BUDGET The optimized system attached to four (4) Maytag Neptune Commercial Series dryers will take hrs. to pay off. This is based off of the small commercial electric utility rate for the City of Boston provided by NStar Electric Co. The amount dryer usage per day regulates how quickly the system can be paid off. Heat Exchanger Back Flow Valve Pump Temperature Switch Holding Tank Hardware Piping Shrouds Total Table 2 System Cost Hours to pay off Optimized System Hours of use per day Days to pay off Table 3 Hours to Payoff System Figure 9 Usage to System Payoff Relationship Page 17

18 Return on Investment Assumptions: Gallons used per day by a Laundromat =300 Gallons Estimated cost of heat extracting system = $1184 Price per kwh = $ Boiler efficiency = 80% Calculations- b& = z 45 b& = (33 C 4.44 C) b& = 468, b& = ž ž (ž45 ) 3413 ž45 = 0.13Ľ3h Ľ3h 0.13kWh equals theoretical energy required to raise one gallon of water from 4.44 C to 33 C Ƥ0ȏpd9ϜieâŖ. = Ƒ ǻåƨåǟȍ Ƥ0ȏpd9ϜieâŖ. = 0.13Ľ3h =.1625Ľ3h " kwh equals actual energy required for a boiler at 80% efficiency to heat one gallon of water from 4.44 C to 33 C Ōåǟȍǟȍ80ȏpdım ÅƧım9Ϝie 9ϜieâŖ. å Ƒ ǻåƨåǟȍ Ƥ0ȏpd9ϜieâŖ. ĒâŖ.ȖŶ 9Ϝie 9ϜieâŖ.Ľ3h 300 ŌĒ Ľ3h $0.0804= $3.9 å = åtȗŷ0ȏpd ım 9ϜieâŖ. å 9ϜieǻÅƧâŖ.0ȏpd 8 ȖŶ0ȏpdt9Ϝieımǻz9Ϝie0ȏpdǻ= 458ǻåǟȍ 8ımǻ 8 h9ϝieåǻ 9Ϝie ǻâŗ.å ǻȗŷ0ȏpd ÅƧ0ȏpdȖŶǻ åtȗŷ0ȏpd ım 9ϜieâŖ. å 9ϜieǻÅƧâŖ.0ȏpd8 ȖŶ0ȏpdt9Ϝieımǻz9Ϝie0ȏpdǻ= $1184 $3.90 = 304 å ım Page 18

19 APPENDIX A Commercial Applications Figure 10 Commercial Dryer System As seen in Figure 10 four commercial dryers can be set up in a row. In a setting like this the system would have a much faster return on investment because of the more frequent use of all the machines. Laundromats on average are in operation around 15 hours a day. This frequent running of the system would help speed up the time it takes to get the money spend on the entire system returned. Other commercial places that can benefit from this system would be Hospitals, Casinos, Resident Halls, and Hotels.

20 APPENDIX B Test Procedure Equipment (3) HOBO U Dataloggers TSI 9535 Hot Wire Anemometer Whirlpool Thin Twin Gas Fueled Clothes Dryer Maytag Neptune Commercial Series Electric Fueled Clothes Dryer Clothes Scale Stopwatch Procedure 1. Classify probe locations at five (5) foot interval 2. Launch data loggers; 30 second interval 3. Orient loggers in exhaust duct at probe locations 4. Saturate a bundle of clothing with water. a. Record clothes weight, dry and wet. 5. Initiate dryer cycle on high 6. During the dryer cycle record velocity on a regular interval at the exhaust vent. 7. At the end of the dryer cycle check clothes to ensure dryness. 8. Repeat steps 4-7 with various loads of water and clothing. 9. At the end of final drying cycle retrieve data loggers and replace exhaust ducting. Page 20

21 Test Data Test Site Fuel Type Model 25 Iroquois Electric Maytag Neptune Commercial Series 6 Hillside Gas Whirlpool Thin Twin Table 4 Experiment Overview 25 Iroquois (Tabulated) Test Overview Elapsed Time of Dryer Cycle (hh:mm) Avg time 1:23 1:14 1:11 1:13 1:23 1:20 4:04 1:16 Trial Start Time 3:23 16:08 17:50 19:40 15:58 23:42 14:55 End Time 4:46 17:22 19:01 20:53 17:21 1:02 18:59 Dry (lb) Wet (lb) Avg T 0ft-5ft Avg T 5ft-10ft % RH 0ft-5ft % RH 5ft-10ft Avg Duct Velocity Mass flow rate US F F fpm 6.76 lb/min SI C C m/s 0.05 kg/s Table 5 25 Iroquois Test Overview Dryer Cycle Trial 1 Time 0:05 0:10 0:17 0:22 0:35 0:50 Velocity (fpm) Dryer Cycle Trial 2 Time 0:05 0:10 0:15 0:20 0:32 0:55 Velocity (fpm) Dryer Cycle Trial 3 Time 0:05 0:12 0:17 0:22 0:35 0:45 Velocity (fpm)

22 Dryer Cycle Trial 4 Time 0:05 0:10 0:15 0:20 0:40 0:55 Velocity (fpm) Dryer Cycle Trial 5 Time 0:05 0:10 0:17 0:25 0:35 0:50 Velocity (fpm) Dryer Cycle Trial 6 Time 0:05 0:10 0:15 0:25 0:40 0:55 Velocity (fpm) Dryer Cycle Trial 7 Time 0:05 0:10 0:20 0:50 1:10 1:40 Velocity (fpm) Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06:

23 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22:

24 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38:

25 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54:

26 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10:

27 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: Avg over Time Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00:

28 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16:

29 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32:

30 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48:

31 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04:

32 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: Avg over time Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02:

33 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18:

34 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34:

35 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50:

36 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06:

37 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11:

38 Trial 4 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15:

39 Trial 4 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31:

40 Trial 4 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47:

41 Trial 4 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03:

42 Trial 4 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: Avg over time Trial 5 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Avg T over D Avg RH over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02:

43 0:02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19:

44 0:20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37:

45 0:37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54:

46 0:55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12:

47 1:12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: Avg over time

48 Trial 6 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15:

49 0:16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33:

50 0:33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50:

51 0:51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08:

52 1:08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: Avg over time Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03:

53 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19:

54 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35:

55 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51:

56 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07:

57 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23:

58 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39:

59 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55:

60 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11:

61 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 2:12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27:

62 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 2:28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43:

63 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 2:44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59:

64 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 3:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15:

65 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 3:16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31:

66 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 3:32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47:

67 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 3:48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03:

68 Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 Hobo3 D from Dryer (ft) Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D Avg over time

69 25 Iroquois (Graphical) 180 The following are graphical representations of the different test trials on a Maytag Neptune Commercial Series Electric Dryer Trial Temp F %RH Hobo1 Temp Hobo2 Temp Hobo3 Temp Hobo1 RH Hobo2 RH Hobo3 RH :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26 1:40 Page 69

70 Trial Temp F %RH Item :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26

71 180 Trial Temp F %RH Hobo1 Temp Hobo2 Temp Hobo3 Temp Hobo1 RH Hobo2 RH Hobo3 RH :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26

72 180 Trial Temp F %RH Hobo1 Temp Hobo2 Temp Hobo3 Temp Hobo1 RH Hobo2 RH Hobo3 RH :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26

73 180 Trial Temp F %RH Hobo1 Temp Hobo2 Temp Hobo3 Temp Hobo1 RH Hobo2 RH Hobo3 RH :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26 1:40

74 180 Trial Temp F %RH Hobo1 Temp Hobo2 Temp Hobo3 Temp Hobo1 RH Hobo2 RH Hobo3 RH :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26

75 180 Trial Temp F %RH Hobo1 Temp Hobo2 Temp Hobo3 Temp Hobo1 RH Hobo2 RH Hobo3 RH :00 0:28 0:57 1:26 1:55 2:24 2:52 3:21 3:50 4:19

76 6 Hillside (Tabulated) Test Overview Elapsed Time of Dryer Cycle (hh:mm) Avg time 1:54 2:08 2:31 1:12 2:00 1:32 1:16 1:47 Trial Start Time 14:27 16:22 9:42 13:50 14:03 11:52 11:40 End Time 16:21 18:30 12:13 15:02 16:03 13:24 12:56 Dry (lb) Wet (lb) Avg T 0ft-5ft % RH 0ft-5ft Avg Duct Velocity Mass flow rate US F fpm 6.13 lb/min SI C m/s kg/s Table 6 6 Hillside Test Overview Dryer Cycle Trial 1 Time 0:05 0:10 0:20 0:55 1:15 1:40 Velocity (fpm) Dryer Cycle Trial 2 Time 0:05 0:08 0:15 0:20 1:10 1:50 Velocity (fpm) Dryer Cycle Trial 3 Time 0:05 0:12 0:20 0:30 1:00 1:30 Velocity (fpm) Page 76

77 Dryer Cycle Trial 4 Time 0:05 0:10 0:15 0:20 0:40 0:55 Velocity (fpm) Dryer Cycle Trial 5 Time 0:05 0:10 0:17 0:40 1:10 1:40 Velocity (fpm) Dryer Cycle Trial 6 Time 0:05 0:10 0:15 0:35 0:50 1:10 Velocity (fpm) Dryer Cycle Trial 7 Time 0:05 0:10 0:20 0:30 0:40 0:50 Velocity (fpm) Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05:

78 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21:

79 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37:

80 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53:

81 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09:

82 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25:

83 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41:

84 Trial 1 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: Avg over time

85 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15:

86 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31:

87 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47:

88 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03:

89 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19:

90 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35:

91 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51:

92 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07:

93 Trial 2 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 2:07: :08: :08: Avg over time

94 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15:

95 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31:

96 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47:

97 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03:

98 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19:

99 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35:

100 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51:

101 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07:

102 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 2:07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23:

103 Trial 3 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 2:23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: Avg over time Trial 4 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04:

104 Trial 4 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20:

105 Trial 4 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36:

106 Trial 4 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52:

107 Trial 4 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08:

108 Trial 4 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: Avg over time

109 Trial 5 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15:

110 Trial 5 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31:

111 Trial 5 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47:

112 Trial 5 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03:

113 Trial 5 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19:

114 Trial 5 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35:

115 Trial 5 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51:

116 Trial 5 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: Avg over time Trial 6 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03:

117 Trial 6 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19:

118 Trial 6 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35:

119 Trial 6 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39: :39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51:

120 Trial 6 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56: :57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07:

121 Trial 6 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21: :22: :22: :23: :23:

122 Trial 6 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 1:24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: Avg over time Trial 7 Hobo1 Hobo2 D from Dryer (ft) 0 5 Time Temp, F RH, % Temp, F RH, % over D over D 0:00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04:

123 0:04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14: :14: :15: :15: :16: :16: :17: :17: :18: :18: :19: :19: :20: :20: :21: :21:

124 0:22: :22: :23: :23: :24: :24: :25: :25: :26: :26: :27: :27: :28: :28: :29: :29: :30: :30: :31: :31: :32: :32: :33: :33: :34: :34: :35: :35: :36: :36: :37: :37: :38: :38: :39:

125 0:39: :40: :40: :41: :41: :42: :42: :43: :43: :44: :44: :45: :45: :46: :46: :47: :47: :48: :48: :49: :49: :50: :50: :51: :51: :52: :52: :53: :53: :54: :54: :55: :55: :56: :56:

126 0:57: :57: :58: :58: :59: :59: :00: :00: :01: :01: :02: :02: :03: :03: :04: :04: :05: :05: :06: :06: :07: :07: :08: :08: :09: :09: :10: :10: :11: :11: :12: :12: :13: :13: :14:

127 1:14: :15: :15: :16: :16: Avg over time

128 6 Hillside (Graphical) 160 The following are graphical representations of the different test trials on a Whirlpool Thin Twin Gas Dryer Trial Hobo1 Temp Temp F %RH Hobo2 Temp Hobo2 RH Hobo1 RH :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26 1:40 1:55 2:09

129 160 Trial Hobo1 Temp Temp F %RH Hobo2 Temp Hobo2 RH Hobo1 RH :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26 1:40 1:55 2:09 2:24

130 160 Trial Hobo1 Temp Temp F %RH Hobo2 Temp Hobo2 RH Hobo1 RH :00 0:28 0:57 1:26 1:55 2:24 2:52

131 160 Trial Hobo1 Temp Temp F %RH Hobo2 Temp Hobo2 RH Hobo1 RH :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26

132 160 Trial Hobo1 Temp Temp F %RH Hobo2 Temp Hobo2 RH Hobo1 RH :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26 1:40 1:55 2:09

133 160 Trial Hobo1 Temp Temp F %RH Hobo2 Temp Hobo2 RH Hobo1 RH :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26 1:40

134 160 Trial Temp F %RH :00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26

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139 APPENDIX C The Facts about Clothes Dryer Exhaust Systems by John Cranor Published April 2005 What causes the fires? The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates that in 1998, clothes dryers were associated with 15,600 fires, which resulted in 20 deaths and 370 injuries. Lack of maintenance is the major factor contributing to fires, but poor installation and/or the use of improper duct material also play a role. A dryer s lint filter catches only a fraction of the lint produced in the drying process, although some are better than others. Over time, the lint accumulates throughout the dryer and the duct system, reducing airflow, which causes the dryer to operate at elevated temperatures, thereby increasing the chance of something malfunctioning and/or the lint catching on fire. Dryer fires usually start beneath or inside the appliance. The draft from the dryer then forces the fire into the exhaust duct and, in many cases, causes a house fire. The probability of the fire spreading greatly increases with the use of plastic or Mylar (foil) ducts, with plastic being the most hazardous. According to U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission research, a 75 percent blocked dryer exhaust duct elevates the exhaust air temperature of the average electric dryer 89 percent more than its normal operating temperature with an unblocked duct. Home Inspectors and Hazards I am confident most home inspectors would put recognizing potential hazards in a house at the top of their list of priorities. Nevertheless, not everyone realizes the hazards presented by the clothes dryer exhaust system. All too often, dryer exhausts ducts are not given due respect. They receive little to no consideration in the design stage, are often installed haphazardly, and are seldom maintained. Once installed, the ducts are rarely given another thought. Current lax attitudes about dryer exhaust ducts need to change! Home inspectors can help by familiarizing themselves with the current standards and the related issues, by learning to recognize symptoms of potential hazards and, most importantly, by educating others. Page 139

140 Figure 14 Plastic duct improperly supported Figure 15 A stocking full of lint creating an unsafe condition

141 Figure 16 Disconnected and bent duct Figure 17 Plastic duct blowout behind dryer Why now? Historically, clothes dryers were located a short distance from an outside wall. Their short, straight exhaust duct runs worked well, leaving little need for maintenance and making inspecting easy. Today, I find laundry rooms located practically anywhere in the home. It s commonplace to find the dryer installed on an upper level with a long, concealed run including several elbows, often resulting in slowed and restrictive airflow. Given the tightness of modern homes, proper handling of dryer exhaust has become even more critical than it was in older homes that breathed.