CLEAN AGENTS & CLASS C FIRE HAZARDS
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1 CLEAN AGENTS & CLASS C FIRE HAZARDS NEW DEVELOPMENTS Presented by: Jeff L. Harrington, P.E., FSFPE For: Fire Safety Annual Conference Greater Atlanta Chapter Society of Fire Protection Engineers March 6, 2007 Harrington Group, Inc. 2007
2 DEFINITIONS NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems 2004 Edition (current) Annual 2007 Revision Cycle
3 DEFINITIONS CLEAN AGENT Electrically nonconducting, volatile, or gaseous fire extinguishant that does not leave a residue upon evaporation. NFPA 2001 (2004 Ed.): Sec Does not conduct electricity Gaseous Does not leave a residue behind Is not carbon dioxide
4 Halocarbon Inert
5 DEFINITIONS CLEAN AGENTS MOST IN USE FK Tradename: Novec 1230 Manufacturer: 3M Class: Halocarbon
6 DEFINITIONS CLEAN AGENTS MOST IN USE HFC-125 Tradename: FE-25 Manufacturer: DuPont Class: Halocarbon
7 DEFINITIONS CLEAN AGENTS MOST IN USE HFC 227ea Tradename: FM-200 Manufacturer: Chemtura Tradename: FE-227 Manufacturer: DuPont Class: Halocarbon
8 DEFINITIONS CLEAN AGENTS MOST IN USE HFC-23 Tradename: FE-13 Manufacturer: DuPont Class: Halocarbon
9 DEFINITIONS CLEAN AGENTS MOST IN USE IG-541 Tradename: Inergen Manufacturer: Tyco:Ansul Class: Inert
10 DEFINITIONS CLEAN AGENTS MOST IN USE IG-55 Tradename: Argonite Manufacturer: Ginge-Kerr (owns Trademark) Class: Inert
11 DEFINITIONS CLASS C FIRES Fires that involve energized electrical equipment where the electrical nonconductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance NFPA 2001 (2004 Ed.): Sec
12 DEFINITIONS FLAME EXTINGUISHING CONCENTRATION The clean agent concentration that is proven to extinguish flame by methods defined in NFPA 2001 See NFPA 2001 (2004 Ed.): Sec and 2
13 DEFINITIONS MINIMUM DESIGN CONCENTRATION MDC - The flame extinguishing concentration times the specified safety factor NFPA 2001 (2004 Ed.): Sec
14 DEFINITIONS CLASS C FIRE HAZARDS MINIMUM DESIGN CONCENTRATION Minimum design concentration for Class C hazards shall be at least that for Class A surface fires NFPA 2001 (2004 Ed.): Sec
15 DEFINITIONS CLASS A SURFACE FIRE HAZARD MINIMUM DESIGN CONCENTRATION The minimum design concentration for a Class A surface fire hazard shall be the extinguishing concentration, as determined in , times a safety factor of 1.2 NFPA 2001 (2004 Ed.): Sec
16 DEFINITIONS CLASS A SURFACE FIRE HAZARD MINIMUM DESIGN CONCENTRATION Recognized Class A test methods UL 2127 (Inert clean agents) UL 2166 (Halocarbon clean agents) Class A test Wood crib 6 minute preburn, 10 minute hold Non-cellulosic polymer sheets (next slides)
17 DEFINITIONS CLASS A SURFACE FIRE HAZARD MINIMUM DESIGN CONCENTRATION
18 CLASS A SURFACE FIRE TEST NON-CELLULOSIC
19 CLASS A SURFACE FIRE TEST NON-CELLULOSIC N-Heptane burn: 0-90 s Agent discharge: 210 s Hold time: 600 s
20 Class C Fire Hazards Duration of Protection It is important that the agent design concentration not only shall be achieved, but also shall be maintained for the specified period of time to allow effective emergency action by trained personnel. This is equally important in all classes of fires since a persistent ignition source (e.g., an arc, heat source, oxyacetylene torch, or deep-seated fire) can lead to resurgence of the initial event once the clean agent has dissipated. NFPA 2001 (2004 Ed.) Sec. 5.6
21 History of Class C Fire Tests Telecommunications industry has been concerned about this energized electrical fires for many years.why?... They don t want to interrupt power in the event of a small fire for very good reasons
22 History of Class C Fire Tests At least ten papers produced by manufacturers At least five papers presented in conjunction with or by government entity NIST Japan Fire Institute One from consultant General conclusions: Design concentrations tend to be higher
23 History of Class C Fire Tests 1. Niemann, R., Bayless, H., and Craft C., Evaluation of Selected NFPA 2001 Agents for Suppressing Class C Energized Fires, Halon Options Technical Working Conference Proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, May 7-9, 1996, pp Driscoll M., and Rivers P.E., Clean Extinguishing Agents and Continuously Energized Circuits, Annual Conference on Fire Suppression Research: Abstracts, NISTIR 5904, K. Beall, Ed., Gaithersburg, MD, October 28-31, Driscoll M., and Rivers P.E., Clean Extinguishing Agents and Continuously Energized Circuits: Recent Findings, Halon Options Technical Working Conference Proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, May 6-8, 1997, pp Braun, E., Womeldorf C., Grosshandler W. L., Determination of Suppression Concentration for Clean Agents Exposed to a Continuously Energized Heated Metal Surface, Halon Options Technical Working Conference Proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, May 6-8, 1997, pp Kelly, A., Rivers P.E., Grosshandler W.L., Braun, E., Clean Agents Concentration Requirements for Continuously Energized Fires, Annual Conference on Fire Suppression Research: Abstracts, August 1997.
24 History of Class C Fire Tests 6. Smith D.M., Kelly, A., Rivers P.E., Grosshandler W.L., Braun, E., Energized Fire Performance of Clean Agents: Recent Developments, International Conference on Ozone Protection Technologies, Baltimore, MD, November 11-13, McKenna, L. A. Jr., Gottuk D.T., DiNenno P.J., Mehta S., Extinguishment Tests of Continuously Energized Class C Fires Using HFC-227ea (FM-200 ), Submitted to NFPA 2001 Technical Committee on Halon Alternative Protection Options, March Niemann, R., Bayless, H., Update on the Evaluation of Selected NFPA 2001 Agents for Suppressing Class C Energized Fires, Halon Options Technical Working Conference Proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, May 12-14, 1998, pp Steckler K., Grosshandler W. L., Smith D.M., Rivers P.E., Clean Agent Performance on Fires Exposed to an External Energy Source, Annual Conference on Fire Suppression Research: Abstracts, NISTIR 6242, K. Beall, Ed., Gaithersburg, MD, November 2-5, Smith D.M., Rivers P.E., Grosshandler W. L., Steckler K., Effectiveness of Clean Agents on Burning Polymeric Materials Subjected to an External Energy Source, Halon Options Technical Working Conference Proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, April 27-29, 1999.
25 History of Class C Fire Tests 11. Smith, D.M., Niemann, R.; Bengtson, G.; Examination and Comparison of Existing Halon Alternatives and New Sustainable Clean Agent Technology in Suppressing Continuously Energized Fires. Smith, D. M.; Halon Options Technical Working Conference Proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, April 24-26, Bengtson, G.; Flamm, J. G.; Niemann, R.; Update on the Evaluation of Selected NFPA 2001, Agents for Suppressing Class "C" Energized Fires Featuring C6 F-Ketone, Halon Options Technical Working Conference Proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, Bengtson, G.; Flamm, J. G.; Niemann, R., Update on the Examination and Comparison of Existing Halon Alternatives and New Sustainable Clean Agent Technology in Suppressing Continuously Energized Fires, Halon Options Technical Working Conference Proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, 2002.
26 Energized Fire Tests #1 1996
27 Energized Fire Tests
28 Energized Fire Tests
29 Energized Fire Tests (6 x 8 = 48)
30 Energized Fire Tests (12 x 16 = 192)
31 Energized Fire Tests
32 Energized Fire Tests #3 1997
33 Energized Fire Tests
34 Energized Fire Tests
35 Energized Fire Tests #7 1998
36 Energized Fire Tests
37 Energized Fire Tests
38 Energized Fire Tests
39 Energized Fire Tests
40 Energized Fire Tests
41 Energized Fire Tests #
42 Energized Fire Tests
43 Energized Fire Tests
44 Energized Fire Tests #
45 Energized Fire Tests
46 Energized Fire Tests
47 Proposed Changes Existing Sec Minimum design concentration for Class C hazards shall be at least that for Class A surface fires
48 Proposed Changes Proposed Sec Where Class C fire hazards are deenergized, the minimum design concentration shall be in accordance with either or depending on whether it becomes a Class A or Class B fire hazard
49 Proposed Changes Proposed Sec Where electrical equipment cannot be deenergized, the design concentrations provided in (Class B) and (Class A) shall be considered inadequate
50 Proposed Changes Proposed Sec * A minimum design concentration shall be determined by multiplying the flame extinguishing concentration as determined in (Class A fuels) times a safety factor of 1.6 where the power dissipation from an electric circuit failure is not likely to exceed 1500 W continuous. * Plus new annex guidance
51 Proposed Changes Proposed Sec Where the power dissipation exceeds this value, higher concentrations shall be specified.
52 Proposed Changes Proposed Sec A written emergency response plan based on the response time of emergency personnel shall be implemented.
53 Example Hazard: Telecommunications room 48 volt DC continuously engergized equipment cannot de- energize maximum expected continuous energy dissipation is 1500 W.
54 Example Clean Agent Candidates: FK HFC-125 HFC-227ea HFC-23 IG-541
55 Example Minimum design concentration (MDC) equals the minimum extinguishing concentration for Class A surface fire (MEC A ) times a safety factor of 1.6 MDC = MEC A X 1.6
56 Example MEC CLASS A CLASS C SAFETY FACTOR MDC CLASS C FK % % HFC % % HFC-227ea (Listing A) 5.80% % HFC-227ea (Listing B) 5.25% % HFC % % IG % %
57 Example MEC (Class A) Class C Safety Factor MDC (Class C) 5-min exposure time - Max % FK % % 10.00% HFC % % 11.50% HFC-227ea (Listing A) 5.80% % 10.50% HFC-227ea (Listing B) 5.25% % 10.50% HFC % % 30.00% IG % % 43.00%
58 Example MEC (Class A) Class A Safety Factor MDC (Class A) MDC (Class C) ADDITIONAL CLASS C FK % % 5.60% 1.33 HFC % % 10.70% 1.33 HFC-227ea (Listing A) 5.80% % 9.28% 1.33 HFC-227ea (Listing B) 5.25% % 8.40% 1.33 HFC % % 24.00% 1.33 IG % % 45.60% 1.33
59 WHAT NEXT? Just guessing but Interested groups are changing their mind Not happy with the mandatory 1.6 safety factor put in annex as advisory only Want to develop standardized test method This issue likely will be debated on the floor at NFPA June meeting in Boston
60 WHAT NEXT? In the mean time consider Many tests have shown that Class C fire hazards sometimes require higher concentrations of clean agent to achieve fire extinguishment and prevent re-flash during the hold time Concentrations greater than Class A times 1.2 may be required. Class A times 1.6 may be a good rule of thumb until an industry-accepted test standard is developed
61 Q & A
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