CPR: EUROCLASSIFICATION & TESTS FOR CABLES

Transcription

1 Séance d information «Câbles dans la construction, quoi de neuf?» / Informatiesessie Kabels in de bouw, wat voor nieuws is er? CPR: EUROCLASSIFICATION & TESTS FOR CABLES ervé Breulet CPR & Cables June 2017

2 Cables and fire hazards Ranking General Installations eat Propagation Smoke Acid gas Toxicity Fire azards Ranking (cablemakers) Installations where evacuation of personnel is important eat/smoke Propagation Toxicity Acid gas - Installations with critical equipment but no people Acid gas Propagation eat Smoke Toxicity CPR & Cables June

3 CPD/CPR and cables: a long quiet river? CPD / CPR, Decision 2000/147/EC (classification of the reaction to fire performance of construction products Euroclasses) Decision 2000/147/EC includes a provision : The treatment of some families of products, e.g. linear products (pipes, ducts, cables, etc.), is still under review and may necessitate an amendment to this decision. CPR & Cables June

4 Euroclasses dedicated for cables Euroclasses as described in EN might not be suitable for some linear products (e.g. respect of end-use conditions SBI test not adequate) Specificity of cables : materials, design, geometry Cables installations practices fire hazards and scenarios to be considered Ability of the selected test methods to discriminate European cables in terms of fire performance Industry familiar with CENELEC / IEC test methods EN (2014). Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 6: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests on electric cables CPR & Cables June

5 Typical European cables installations Riser cables Floor distributor power cables on trays or in trunking Communication cables Lighting cables Segregated power cables Communication cables Patch cords Wall ducts Communication cables Air flow to equipment No air flow Cables densely packed Older commercial offices Public buildings Airports, shops, etc. Newer commercial offices General offices Large computer rooms SC 46C/SC 86A PTFP (PL) /09 CPR & Cables June

6 armonized cables classification Includes main classification ( Fire requirements) and additional (optional) classifications (Smoke, Flaming droplets, Acidity / corrosivity) One main test : EN (FIPEC 20 full-scale test) 2 scenarios Main classification : FS (Flame Spread burnt height), TR (Total eat Release), RR peak (Peak of eat Release Rate) and FIGRA (Fire Growth Rate) Described in decision 2006/751/EC ( Classes of reaction to fire performance for electric cables ) and EN FIPEC : Fire Performance of Electric Cables (European R&D Research Project)) CPR & Cables June

7 Main Euroclass: A ca - F ca Increasing requirements Class Test Classification parameters method(s) A ca EN ISO 1716 PCS (MJ/kg ) B1 ca EN And FS (m) TR 1200s (MJ) - Peak RR (kw) - FIGRA (W.s -1 ) EN (mm) B2 ca C ca EN And FS (m) TR 1200s (MJ) - Peak RR (kw) - FIGRA (W.s -1 ) D ca EN (mm) E ca EN (mm) F ca Not E ca PCS : Gross heat of combustion FS: Flame spread TR: Total eat Release RR: eat Release Rate FIGRA: Fire Growth RAte : eight (burnt height) CPR & Cables June

8 EN (E ca ) Main test conditions: Burner (premixed, propane) Test duration (burner) 1 kw Ø 25 mm 60 s 25 < Ø 50 mm 120 s 50 < Ø 75 mm 240 s Ø > 75 mm 480 s CPR & Cables June

9 EN (B1 ca D ca ) Premixed propane flame Cables mounting Main test conditions: EN Sc. 1 EN Sc kw 30 kw Spaced Spaced Ventilation 8 m 3 /min 8 m 3 /min Backing No Yes board Cables mounting Burner layout Burner Measurements: RR (kw), TR (MJ), FIGRA (W/s) FS (m), SPR (m²/s), flaming droplets CPR & Cables June

10 EN RR parameters 140 RR Peak 120 RR(30) (kw) 100 RR (kw) FIGRA TR Time (s) CPR & Cables June

11 EN Range of performance RR RR - eat kw B2ca Cca Dca Eca Time (s) FIPEC 20 SPR - Smoke 1.60 SPR (m²) s1a s2 s Time (s) CPR & Cables June

12 Additional classification: Smoke EN (Sc. 1 ou Sc. 2) s1 s3 classification If s1, possibly EN test (s1a / s1b) EN s1 TSP 1200 < 50 m² SPR peak 0.25 m²/s s1a Tmin 80 % s1b Tmin 60 % s2 TSP 1200 < 400 m² SPR peak 1.5 m²/s s3 Neither s1 nor s2 EN EN CPR & Cables June

13 EN : s1a / s1b Smoke cumulative test closed chamber (27 m³) (3 m-cube) Alcohol burner Measurement of the decrease in light transmission Criterion: %Tmin CPR & Cables June

14 Additional classification: flaming droplets Flaming droplets classification Class Test method(s) Classification parameters d0 No flaming droplets/particles d1 EN Sc. 1 or Sc. 2 No flaming droplets/particles > 10 s d2 Neither d0 nor d1 CPR & Cables June

15 EN : acidity Combustion at high T (> 950 C) in a furnace, under steady air flow Each combustible material (jacket, filler, insulation, tapes, ) tested individually ervé Breulet CPR & Cables June

16 Additional classification: acidity p & conductivity measured for each «combustible» material Weighted p & conductivity: p ' = Σ w i log w Σ i 10 i i x c' = Σ c i i i w Σ w i i p : weighted p (cable) w i : mass of combustible material i x : p measured for combustible material i c i : conductivity measured for combustible material i Class a1 a2 a3 Conductivity < 2.5 µs/mm p > 4.3 Conductivity < 10 µs/mm p > 4.3 Neither a1 nor a2 CPR & Cables June

17 Euroclasses - Cables (EN ) Class Test method(s) Classification criteria Additional classification A ca EN ISO 1716 PCS 2,0 MJ/kg (1) - B1 ca EN (5) and EN FS 1,75 m and TR 1 200s 10 MJ and Peak RR 20 kw and FIGRA 120 Ws mm Smoke production (2) (6) and flaming droplets/particles (3) and acidity (4) (8) B2 ca EN (5) and FS 1,5 m et TR 1 200s 5 MJ and Peak RR 30 kw and FIGRA 150 Ws 1 EN mm C ca EN (5) FS 2,0 m et TR 1 200s 30 MJ and and Peak RR 60 kw and FIGRA 300 Ws 1 EN mm D ca EN (5) TR 1 200s 70 MJ and Peak RR 400 kw and and FIGRA Ws 1 EN mm E ca EN mm F ca Not E ca Smoke production (2) (6) and flaming droplets/particles (3) and acidity (4) (8) Smoke production (2) (6) and flaming droplets/particles (3) and acidity (4) (8) Smoke production (2) (6) and flaming droplets/particles (3) and acidity (4) (8) CPR & Cables June

18 Euroclasses : examples of results Cable Source : SSTC project NM/G7/38 D4 D3 P2 P5 T4 O3 T2 T3 O5 P3' P3 P9 P7 O2 P6 T1 P4 C1 P1' D2 P1 D1 W1 W2 C2 FIPEC20 RR Pk TR1200 FIGRA FS Class B1ca B1ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca Cca Cca Cca Dca Dca Dca Dca Dca Eca Eca Eca 3-m cube %T CPR & Cables June 2017 FIPEC20 SPR pk TSP Smoke alogen Class? s1a s2 s2 s1b N s1 N s1b s2 s1a N s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s1a N s3 s3 s1a N s1 N s3 s1a N s3 s3 s3 s1a N s3 18

19 A ca 183 euroclasses? B1 ca-s1, a1, d0 B1 ca-s1, a1, d1 B1 ca-s1, a1, d2 B1 ca -s1, a2, d0 B1 ca -s1, a2, d1 B1 ca -s1, a2, d2 B1 ca -s1, a3, d0 B1 ca -s1, a3, d1 B1 ca -s1, a3, d2 E ca F ca B1 ca -s1a, a1, d0 B1 ca -s1a, a1, d1 B1 ca -s1a, a1, d2 B1 ca -s1a, a2, d0 B1 ca -s1a, a2, d1 B1 ca -s1a, a2, d2 B1 ca -s1a, a3, d0 B1 ca -s1a, a3, d1 B1 ca -s1a, a3, d2 B1 ca -s1b, a1, d0 B1 ca -s1b, a1, d1 B1 ca -s1b, a1, d2 B1 ca -s1b, a2, d0 B1 ca -s1b, a2, d1 B1 ca -s1b, a2, d2 B1 ca -s1b, a3, d0 B1 ca -s1b, a3, d1 B1 ca -s1b, a3, d2 B1 ca -s2, a1, d0 B1 ca -s2,a1, d1 B1 ca -s2, a1, d2. B2 ca -s1, a1, d0 B2 ca -s1, a1, d1 B2 ca -s1, a1, d2. D ca -s3, a3, d0 D ca -s3, a3, d1 D ca -s3, a3, d2 CPR & Cables June

20 EXAP EXtended APplication A cable family can include several dozens of cables each must be tested? CEMAC II design of EXAP rules: extended application of test results. Rules to extend the classification to a family upon basis of a limited number of tested cables CLC TS (2 nd edition, 2016). EXAP for Power, and OF cables (date & communication: draft) Based upon a cable (χ) parameter and safety margins CPR & Cables June

21 CEMAC II Typical results: medium RR Family 8a RR D ca x 1.5 (1) 7 x 1.5 (1) RR 30 (kw) 40 C ca 3 x 2.5 (1) 4 x 4 (1) 4 x 16 (1) 4 x 35 (1) 30 4 x 50 (1) 3 x 185 (1) 20 B2 ca time (s) CPR & Cables June

22 CEMAC II Typical results: low SPR CPR & Cables June

23 CEMAC II Typical results: high SPR Cable 11 SPR x 1.5 (1) 1 x 4 (1) SPR 60 (m²/s) 2 s3 1 x 10 (1) 1 x 25 (1) 1 x 50 (1) 1 x 95 (1) x 150 (1) 1 x 240 (1) 1 s time (s) s1 CPR & Cables June

24 Cemac II: EXAP cable parameter χ : single cable parameter for which a robust relationship with classification criteria could be established - for all criteria (TR, FIGRA, FS, peak RR, TSP, Peak SPR) χ = d c 2 V combust with d [mm] Outer diameter. V combust [m²] Non-metallic volume per meter ladder. c [] Number of conductors in one cable. CPR & Cables June

25 EXAP: main steps 1. Select 2 (3) cables - χ min & χ max 2. Test the selected cables 3. Measure (test) max value ν max for each classification criterion 4. Determine the value to use for classification ν class as follows: ν + class = ν max ν sm ν class ν max ν sm is the value used for classification according to respective classification parameter (peak RR, TR, FIGRA, FS, peak SPR, and TSP), is the maximum, that is the worst, test results of the tests that forms the basis of the EXAP, and is the safety margin required for the particular classification parameter. 5. Determine the classification for the family CPR & Cables June 2017

26 Euroclasses for cables : benefits A set of methods with state of the art measurement techniques have been selected (EN FIPEC 20 tests): Ability to measure the essential fire properties, such as Flame Spread, eat release and Smoke Production; Validated against real-scales tests; Robust test methods and associated classification (but.) ; Better measurement of actual Fire and Smoke performance of cables; igher sensitivity and, hence, good discrimination of all cables (incl. high performance ones): pass/fail 5 classes ; In part based upon a widely used fire test (IEC / EN / F2). EXAP reasonable number of tests CPR & Cables June