Lasers: Advancing Security, Health, and Justice

Transcription

1 Lasers: Advancing Security, Health, and Justice Congressional Briefing November 30, 2010 Dr. Thomas M. Baer OSA President 2009 Executive Director

2 Science of Chemistry & Light Chemistry for life Advancing the Science And Technology of Light

3 LaserFest 2010 Honor Educate Inspire Promote

4 LaserFest 2010 Partners

5 Lasers in Chemical Analysis Brightness Detect signals against a bright background Pure wavelength Excite specific colored objects Collimation Project a beam over long distances Focusable Probe small objects High energy Vaporize samples

6 Lasers in Telecom and Information Technology: Internet E commerce Personal Computers Real-time two-way communication: Lasers and fiber optics have greatly increased the speed of real-time communication. Ancient times through 19th century 20th century 21st century Information transmitted by smoke and fire Electrons through copper wires Laser light through fiber optics Lasers in information storage: CDs and DVDs A case study in enabling technology: The invention of the laser spurred development of many applications. Diode lasers have an annual impact on the U.S. market of more than $200 billion. Watchtower Fire Smoke signals -- Vintage telephone switchboard Laser Basic research: Laser invented in 1960 Visual information carried over 100 km distance with very low bandwidth. Electrons carry information through copper wire over 1000s km with moderate bandwidths. High-bandwidth communication using infrared lasers and fiber optics to guide the light. The laser in 1960 was deemed: A solution looking for a problem Early laser Smoke RATE ~ 1 character/10 sec Time to transmit the Gettysburg Address: four hours RATE~100 characters/sec Time to transmit the Gettysburg Address: ten seconds RATE~10 billion characters/sec a million times faster than copper wire Time to transmit the Gettysburg Address: 100 nanoseconds In 2010, 500 million infrared diode lasers will be produced Microelectronics: Lasers produce almost all microprocessors and memory chips in personal computers. These lasers power many different instruments. Laser For example: CDROM/DVD Optical disk drives $3 billion Laser disk drive Laser instruments are built into larger systems UV Lasers in Photolithography Microprocessor 10 Billion CPUs Produced in 2008 Optical drives incorporated into personal computers $60 billion Pulsed lasers in redundant memory repair Memory Chip $20 Billion in 2009 Lasers print the vast majority of IC circuits in the $260 Billion micro electronics industry Fred Schlachter 1 and Thomas Baer 2 1. American Physical Society and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2. Stanford Photonics Research Center, Stanford University

7 Lasers in the Automotive Industry: Making light work in heavy industry Engine Clutch Gear box Laser make cars stronger, safer lighter and cheaper. Wheel Hub Driveshaft Lasers make hundreds of parts for a modern car. weld seat frames harden torsion springs mark parts cut and weld airbags weld antilock brakes cut body parts drill holes in fuel injectors Courtesy of Tim Morris at TRUMPF Inc Differential gears Automobile sales in US: $200 billion

8 Present Day Commercial Applications of the Laser In 50 years the laser moves from a solution looking for a problem, to a key technology which enables major sectors of the US economy. May 16, 1960 May 16, 1960 Ted Maiman demonstrates the first ruby laser. Ted Maiman demonstrates the first ruby laser. Hughes Research Laboratory Hughes Research Laboratory Laser devices are the core technology in instruments performing vital functions in many industries including transportation, healthcare, and telecom.

9 Lasers: Advancing Security, Health and Justice Jose Almirall International Forensic Research Institute, Florida State University Lasers for CBRNE Detection Steve Rehse Wayne State University Lasers for Identifying/Characterizing Pathogens in Food/Beverages Edward Chip Pollock Sacramento County District Attorney Laboratory of Forensic Services Crime Lab as an "End-User" of Lasers for Forensics Richard Hark Juniata College Lasers for First Responders

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11 Scientific Ancestry of the Laser Classical Physics Era Quantum Physics Pre-Laser Era Maser Era Laser Era Bloch Fabrikant Gould Schawlow Maxwell Planck Bohr Ladenburg Lamb Kastler Townes Bloembergen Kroemer Alverov 1800s Boltzman Einstein Tolman Basov Maiman Sorokin Javan Prokorov Robert Hall Fred Schlachter 1 and Thomas Baer 2 1. American Physical Society and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2. Stanford Photonics Research Center, Stanford University

12 Quantum Mechanics - Generated Technologies Classical Physics Era Quantum Physics Pre-Laser Era Nuclear Energy Bloch Lasers Maxwell Planck Bohr Ladenburg Lamb 1800s Boltzman Einstein Tolman Semiconductors

13 Lasers: Advancing Security, Health and Justice Jose Almirall International Forensic Research Institute, Florida State University Lasers for CBRNE Detection Steve Rehse Wayne State University Lasers for Identifying/Characterizing Pathogens in Food/Beverages Edward Chip Pollock Sacramento County District Attorney Laboratory of Forensic Services Crime Lab as an "End-User" of Lasers for Forensics Richard Hark Juniata College Lasers for First Responders

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15 A Major 20 th Century Invention Number of Patent Abstracts and Titles Including Keywords as of 8/14/08 Engine Computer Laser Transistor Integrated circuit Telephone Jet Television Microprocessor Internet Refrigerator Stereo Vacuum tube Fiber optics

16 Issued US Laser Patents vs. Time Issued US Laser Patents per 2 Year Period E

17 Lasers in Medicine and Biotechnology: Saving Lives Improving Health Reducing Cost Eye surgery: Lasers improve health and well-being of patients. Lasers allow ophthalmologists to correct many problems in different locations in the eye, fixing retinas, reshaping corneas, and helping forestall blindness in diabetic patients. Medical devices: Lasers save lives. Lasers produce impossible micromachined components Cornea LASIK Cataract Surgery Retina Reattach Precise sterile machining of hard materials Ultraviolet Laser Pulsed Infrared Laser Green Laser Detached retina repaired with laser: Gold-medal Chinese diver Guo Jingiing Stents Gene sequencing: Lasers power the latest medical diagnostic instruments. 1975: 2000 base pairs/day 1990 s: 100,000 base pairs/day Today: two billion base pairs/day One day s data would fill one half page in a book. One day s data would fill a chapter in a book. One day s data would fill ten encyclopedias. A new lease on life: laser-made stents. Data Data Pre-laser DNA sequencers (1970 s) could sequence 2000 base pairs per day. Time to sequence a single human genome: 4000 years s laser-based DNA sequencers could sequence 100,000 base pairs per day. Time to sequence a single human genome: 80 years. Today s laser-based DNA sequencers can sequence two billion base pairs per day. Time to sequence a single human genome: 1 day. A million-fold improvement in speed since 1975! Rapid laser-based sequencing of human genomes opens the door to personalized medicine and individualized therapies. Fred Schlachter 1 and Thomas Baer 2 1. American Physical Society and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2. Stanford Photonics Research Center, Stanford University

18 Lasers in the Telecommunication Industry Real-time two-way communication: Lasers and fiber optics have greatly increased the speed of real-time communication. Ancient times through 19th century 20th century 21st century Information transmitted by smoke and fire Electrons through copper wires Laser light through fiber optics Watchtower Fire Smoke signals Vintage telephone switchboard -- Laser Visual information carried over 100 km distance with very low bandwidth. Electrons carry information through copper wire over 1000s km with moderate bandwidths. High-bandwidth communication using infrared lasers and fiber optics to guide the light. Smoke RATE ~ 1 character/10 sec Time to transmit the Gettysburg Address: four hours RATE~100 characters/sec Time to transmit the Gettysburg Address: ten seconds RATE~10 billion characters/sec a million times faster than copper wire Time to transmit the Gettysburg Address: 100 nanoseconds

19 Lasers in Telecom and Information Technology: Internet E-commerce Personal Computers Real-time two-way communication: Lasers and fiber optics have greatly increased the speed of real-time communication. Ancient times through 19th century 20th century 21st century Information transmitted by smoke and fire Electrons through copper wires Laser light through fiber optics Lasers in information storage: CDs and DVDs A case study in enabling technology: The invention of the laser spurred development of many applications. Diode lasers have an annual impact on the U.S. market of more than $200 billion. Watchtower Fire Smoke signals -- Vintage telephone switchboard Laser Basic research: Laser invented in 1960 Visual information carried over 100 km distance with very low bandwidth. Electrons carry information through copper wire over 1000s km with moderate bandwidths. High-bandwidth communication using infrared lasers and fiber optics to guide the light. The laser in 1960 was deemed: A solution looking for a problem Early laser Smoke RATE ~ 1 character/10 sec Time to transmit the Gettysburg Address: four hours RATE~100 characters/sec Time to transmit the Gettysburg Address: ten seconds RATE~10 billion characters/sec a million times faster than copper wire Time to transmit the Gettysburg Address: 100 nanoseconds In 2010, 500 million infrared diode lasers will be produced Microelectronics: Lasers produce almost all microprocessors and memory chips in personal computers. These lasers power many different instruments. Laser For example: CDROM/DVD Optical disk drives $3 billion Laser disk drive Laser instruments are built into larger systems UV Lasers in Photolithography Microprocessor 10 Billion CPUs Produced in 2008 Optical drives incorporated into personal computers $60 billion Pulsed lasers in redundant memory repair Memory Chip $20 Billion in 2009 Lasers print the vast majority of IC circuits in the $260 Billion micro electronics industry Fred Schlachter 1 and Thomas Baer 2 1. American Physical Society and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2. Stanford Photonics Research Center, Stanford University

20 What Would Happen if all Lasers Stopped Working? April 9 all telecommunications ceased Land lines Mobile phones Internet Emergency 911 calls All financial transactions stopped No credit card approval No manual systems as alternatives No ATM access: No Cash! No bank record access Automated traffic lights stopped working!

21 Solar Energy The Global Impact of Lasers Medical Imaging Biotechnology Telecommunications Information Technology Basic Research