Te Kawerau Iwi Tribal Authority

Transcription

1 Ref. TKITA November 2013 CULTURAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR PLAN CHANGE AND RESOURCE CONSENT FOR CLARK ROAD DEVELOPMENT SCOTT POINT PENINSULA, HOBSONVILLE AUCKLAND Prepared by Edward Ashby Resource Management Unit Bridge

2 Ref. TKITA November 2013 CONTENTS 1.0 Preamble Introduction Project Proposal Methodology Physical Setting Cultural Setting Cultural Impact Assessment Wahi Tapu Taonga Spiritual Values Wellbeing Summary of Effects Discussion Recommendations Protocol for the discovery of koiwi or taonga unearthed during 16 construction operations 11.0 Applicability References 17 Bridge

3 Ref. TKITA November Preamble Te Kawerau a Maki were one of the earliest tribes to settle within the wider Auckland area. Our origins arise from the first inhabitants of the land - the Turehu, to the arrival of the Tainui, Aotea, Tokomaru, Kahuitara, and Kurahaupo canoes in the 14th century, and the Ngati Awa, Ngaoho, and Ngaiwi people who occupied the wider area prior to The eponymous ancestor Maki is an important figure in the history of Tamaki Makaurau. He was a famed warrior who conquered much of the region during the early 1600 s after migrating with some 300 of his hapu to Tamaki Makaurau through the lands of his Tainui relatives from the northern Taranaki-Kawhia area. It is through this whakapapa that when Maki settled Tamaki Makaurau he was in the land of his Ngaiwi and Ngaoho relatives and ancestral home. The name Te Kawerau a Maki arises from an incident which occurred while Maki was visiting the southern Kaipara, and is also one of the names given to Maki and his wife Rotu s only Kaipara-born son and the founding ancestor of the iwi, Tawhiakiterangi, sometimes shortened to Tawhia. In time Maki s descendants occupied lands from Hikurangi (West Auckland), to Te Whenua roa o Kahu (the North Shore), Whangaparaoa, Mahurangi, Matakanakana, Pakiri, southern Kaipara, and the gulf islands of Aotea (Great Barrier Island), Hauturu o Toi (Little Barrier Island) and Tiriti Matangi, forming the Te Kawerau confederation. By the early 1700 s the traditional rohe was thus from Okaka (South Head, Kaipara) to Paratutai (North Head, Manukau) in the west; and from Te Arai o Tahuhu (Te Arai Point) in the northeast to Takapuna in the southeast as well as the gulf islands (fig.1). The heartland of Te Kawerau a Maki was and remains Hikurangi. Figure 1.1: Map showing Te Kawerau a Maki rohe or area of interest Bridge

4 Ref. TKITA November 2013 While it is recognized that this broad area is of interest to other iwi and hapu, Te Kawerau a Maki are associated with many geographic locations and areas through the traditions, songs, place names, and histories of the people. Te Kawerau s mana whenua status is established through take tupuna (ancestral rights), ahi kaa (occupation), and kaitiakitanga (guardianship and management of cultural and natural resources). The role of kaitiaki continues in current cultural and natural resource management. Kaitiaki responsibilities include, but are not limited to: Protection and maintenance of wahi tapu and other heritage sites Protection of taonga Placing of rahui (temporary ritual prohibition) to allow replenishment of harvested resources Restoration of damaged ecosystems Protection of sensitive environments Directing development in ways which are in keeping with the environment Ensuring the sustainable use of resources Observing the tikanga associated with traditional activities Providing for the needs of present and future generations The central purpose of is to enhance the spiritual, cultural, social, and economic wellbeing of the iwi and to provide for the kaitiaki responsibility of ensuring the restoration and maintenance of the sociocultural and natural environment. These goals form the basis of any meaningful consultation or engagement with Te Kawerau. The Resource Management Act 1991 provides statutory recognition of the Treaty of Waitangi and the principles derived from the Treaty. It introduces the Maori resource management system via the recognition of kaitiakitanga and tino rangatiratanga, and accords Territorial Local Authorities with the power to delegate authority to iwi over relevant resource management decisions. The Act contains over 30 sections, which require Councils to consider matters of importance to tangata whenua. Some of the most important of these are: The principles of the Treaty of Waitangi and their application to the management of resources (Section 8). Recognition and provision for the relationship of Maori and their culture and traditions with their ancestral lands, water, sites, wahi tapu and other taonga (Section 6(e)). Having particular regard to the exercise of kaitiakitanga or the iwi s exercise of guardianship over resources (Section 7(a)). Having regard to any relevant planning document recognised by an iwi/hapu authority (Sections 61(2)(a)(ii), 66(2)(c)(ii), 74(2)(b)(ii)). The obligation to consult with iwi/hapu over consents, policies and plans. (Combination of all the sections above and Clause 3(1)(d) of Part 1 of the first schedule of the Resource Management Act). There is no statutory requirement for applicants or a council to prepare or commission a Cultural Impact Assessment (CIA). However, an assessment of impacts on cultural values and interests can assist both applicants and the council in meeting statutory obligations in a number of ways, including: preparation of an Assessment of Environmental Effects (AEE) in accordance with s88(2)(b) and Schedule 4 of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) requests for further information under s92 of the RMA in order to assess the application providing information to assist the council in determining notification status under ss95 to 95F of the RMA providing information to enable appropriate consideration of the relevant Part II matters when making a decision on an application for resource consent under s104 of the RMA consideration of appropriate conditions of resource consent under s108 of the RMA. Bridge

5 Ref. TKITA November Introduction The purpose of this document is to provide a Tangata Whenua Cultural Impact Assessment on behalf of Te Kawerau a Maki for the proposed development of a new urban precinct at Scott Point, Hobsonville. The development requires a Structure Plan in order to effect a plan change, as well as resource consent for land use and subdivision. The developer, the Clark Road Land Owner s Group, have engaged Kawerau to prepare this report in anticipation of the submission. For the purposes of this report the Clark Road Land Owner s Group consists of Evan and Ruth Henning, Peter Oborn, Yan Qin Zhang, Nui Mei De, Trustees of Grace Family Trust, and Hobson View Subdivision Ltd. The developer has, as part of the resource consent and plan change process, commissioned a number of reports and documentation including the Structure Plan prepared by Harrison Grierson Consultants Ltd. (2013), a preliminary geotechnical appraisal report prepared by Soil and Rock Consultants (2013), and a heritage report prepared by Clough and Associates Ltd. (2013). These documents have been reviewed. The intention of this CIA report is to provide the applicant and Council with some insights into whether there are any cultural impacts associated with the development of the new urban precinct, and if so, how they might be addressed. 3.0 Project Proposal The proposal is to develop the land at Scott Point into urban residential. Scott Point is currently zoned Countryside Living under the Auckland District Plan and is surrounded by existing urban zoning and is adjacent to the Hobsonville Point Development which is one of Auckland s larger and fastest growing planned urban precincts. The development encompasses the area east of Clark Road and south of Boundary Road, totalling 156 hectares (the developers land encompasses 20.4 ha of this). The Structure Plan prepared by Harrison Grierson is intended to provide a long-term guide for the future use of the land in Scott Point. The Structure Plan is based on a specific development vision which aims to transform the land in Scott Point from rural agricultural land use to urban residential land use (fig. 3.1). The vision seeks to maximise the assets and qualities of the area, whilst facilitating the provision of a range of residential typologies and lifestyle choices. The vision for Scott Point is based on four categories of development outcome for the area, which are liveability, sustainability, prosperity and connectivity. The main features which would facilitate the future detailed land use planning and spatial design of the area are noted as: Maintain Scott Point s coastal character Preserve the heritage and cultural features in the area Promote access and preservation of natural resources Ensure orderly growth and discourage sprawling and haphazard development Establish an integrated movement, open space and ecological network Ensure an appropriate mix of housing densities and built forms Promote energy efficient/sustainable strategies for residential development Ensure low impact design for land development purposes Promote high quality streetscapes and public spaces Ensure a combination of visual richness and coherence for individual property design by an appropriate architectural style and landscape design theme Promote streets as a place for people not just for cars Promote and allow affordable housing in the area Ensure a long term housing affordability which will provide a place where today s children can afford to live in the future Support and make provisions for elderly housing in the area Promote small scale mixed-use development in appropriate locations Bridge

6 Ref. TKITA November 2013 Promote community based economic activities, ie. market garden, street market, corner shops, home occupation that fits the nature of the area Create safe and pedestrian friendly public spaces and connectivity throughout the area Establish a dedicated public transport route through the area Create a dedicated network of cycle way and pedestrian pathway connecting various assets in the area, ie. Hobsonville Ferry Terminal, esplanade reserve, local schools, shops, recreational reserves etc. The likely residential densities across the Scott Point Structure Plan area would be average 20 dwellings per hectare. An ultimate population size of up to 9,000 people is envisaged. The development will require resource consent for land use and subdivision and will eventually involve a higher population and housing density, a likely mixed urban selection of housing (standalone, terraced, and apartment of several storeys in places), increased impervious surfaces, bulk earthworks (building platforms, landscaping, and new roading), stormwater and wastewater infrastructure, planting and open spaces, and interconnecting routes for recreational, community economic activities, and transport. Figure 3.1: Draft Structure Plan design from Harrison Grierson Consultants Ltd. (2013) 4.0 Methodology This report is based upon a desk top study and a site visit carried out on the 24 th September Material provided by the applicant, notably the Harrison Grierson Structure Plan (2013) has been reviewed along with other relevant material. Satellite imagery, the Auckland Council s GIS and Bridge

7 Ref. TKITA November 2013 Cultural Heritage Inventory (CHI) database, and the New Zealand Archaeological Association (NZAA) ArchSite database were also referenced. Historical material pertaining to Te Kawerau a Maki and the Hobsonville area was obtained internally. 5.0 Physical Setting The project area is known as Scott Point and consists of a peninsula located in the northern catchment of the Waitemata Harbour between West Auckland and the North Shore (fig. 5.1). Scott Point is to the south of Hobsonville and State Highway 18 (Upper Harbour Motorway). The development is bounded to the west by Clark Road and the north by Boundary Road. The southern and eastern boundaries are the coastal front between Limeburners Bay, Brickbat Bay, Nimrod Inlet, and Bomb Bay, the total area encompassing 156 hectares (the developers land encompasses 20.4 ha of this) (fig. 5.2). The lands main access is from Hobsonville Road with further access provided by Clark Road and Scott Road which runs the length of the southern portion of the peninsula (fig. 5.2). Scott Point consists of predominantly open rural characteristics, including large lot sizes, grassed paddocks, agriculture and horticulture, and low density intermittent single-story dwellings. The land is of low elevation and is relatively flat, though gently slopes to the east-southeast (fig. 5.3). The coastal edge consists of steeper topography made up of 10 to 15m high cliffs. There are two main watercourses within Scott Point which drain to Nimrod Inlet and Bomb Bay, and a number of wet or swampy areas exist across the peninsula. The underlying geology of the area consists of Puketoka Formation deposits underlain by Waitemata Group East Coast Bays Formation sandstone and siltstone. Figure 5.1: Map depicting the project area within the regional context (indicated by box and arrow) Bridge

8 Ref. TKITA November 2013 Figure 5.2: Plan depicting the project area with reference to the developers land (from Harrison Grierson, 2013) Figure 5.3: Satellite image depicting the project area with contour overlay (from Auckland Council GIS) The location of Scott Point marked an important and strategic juncture for Te Kawerau a Maki between Hikurangi (West Auckland) and Te Whenua roa o Kahu (the North Shore), providing access via Lucas Creek to Albany and the east coast, while the nearby Kaipara portage provided access to the northwest. The area was known for natural resources including fish, shellfish and sea birds. Bridge

9 Ref. TKITA November Cultural Setting Hobsonville is within the Te Kawerau a Maki heartland and an area of exclusive interest, traditionally known as Hikurangi. From around the mid-1600s Te Kawerau a Maki maintained kainga (villages) on the western shores of the Upper Waitemata Harbour at Manutewhau (Lawson s Creek), Kopupaka (Massey-West Harbour), Wai o Pareira (West Harbour), Tahingamanu and Waiarohia (Hobsonville), Waikotukutuku and Te Rarawaru (Whenuapai), Ngongetepara (Brighams Creek), Tahunapupu, Te Ahipekapeka, Maraeroa (Huapai Golf Course), Pitoitoi (South Riverhead), and Taurangatira and Orangikanohi (Riverhead). The land in this area was generally infertile and not used extensively for cultivation, however these kainga were used in conjunction with fishing and the harvesting of shellfish, seabirds and tuna (eels). Te Onekiritea (the name for the land around Hobsonville Point and Scott Point) specifically is a former Te Kawerau a Maki kainga, prized for its harbour access and bird snaring grounds (fig. 6.1). Tahingamanu, the tidal flats near present day Hobsonville (fig. 6.1), were valued by Te Kawerau a Maki until well into post European times as a place to catch the kuaka (godwit) in large numbers during late summer. Another coastal bird that was caught along much of the coastline was the korora (little blue penguin). It was caught during the few weeks in autumn when its oil content made the bird palatable. Kawerau people lived securely within and around the Scott Point Peninsula for over 200 years, maintaining ahi kaa and customary rights through times of both peace and war. The land where Hobsonville Point is based was part of the Waiparera (Waipareira) Crown Purchase of This purchase, like many others, excluded Te Kawerau a Maki rangatira, and was conducted with Ngati Whatua of Orakei, who did not have mana over the area. The Te Kawerau a Maki Treaty of Waitangi Settlement includes the return of land at Onekiritea (specifically the southern portion of Bomb Point) as cultural redress for the reestablishment of a Kawerau marae. The return of Kawerau people to the area and the reestablishment of marae and pou whenua within the Hobsonville Point land immediately north of the Scott Point development, signals the cultural significance of the area to Te Kawerau a Maki. Subsequently, the iwi is deeply invested in the success of the overall development. Figure 6.1: Graphic of Te Onekiritea depicting the approximate boundary Bridge

10 Ref. TKITA November 2013 A search of the Auckland Council CHI (fig. 6.2) and NZAA ArchSite (fig. 6.3) databases reveals the archaeology of the area includes a number of sites associated with Maori occupation or activity (indicated as red circles on fig. 6.2). It is notable that the majority of sites are dispersed around the coastal areas, and the reasons for this are likely more to do with previous development activities (e.g. existing housing and infrastructure) and the fact that only previously recorded sites are listed, than with a lack of activity in certain locations. It is in any case probable that further sites and artefacts associated with Maori occupation and activity remain undetected beneath the ground surface. Archaeological sites and the materials they hold can be regarded as taonga or wahi tapu, and are subsequently of great interest to Te Kawerau a Maki. It is also worth noting that any archaeological site or object, even if not previously recorded, is protected under the Historic Places Act (1993), and it is prohibited to damage, modify, or destroy any such sites without an authority from the New Zealand Historic Places Trust. Figure 6.2: CHI database graphic (from Auckland Council GIS) Figure 6.3: ArchSite graphic (from ArchSite GIS) Any development, especially those involving substantial cut earthworks, has the potential to disturb archaeological materials and taonga. Of the nine recorded archaeological sites within the Scott Point development (fig. 6.4) eight are coastal midden deposits (reported to include cockle, pipi, scallop, mudsnail, mud oyster, and siphon whelk). Te Kawerau seeks protection and recognition of these sites along with protection or appropriate mitigation of other as yet undiscovered sites throughout Scott Point. Table 6.1: List of recorded archaeological sites R11/2416 midden R11/486 midden R11/112 midden R11/485 midden R11/1924 midden R11/2462 midden R11/484 midden R11/483 midden R11/1508 historic brickworks Bridge

11 Ref. TKITA November 2013 Figure 6.4: Graphic showing the distribution of recorded archaeological sites within Scott Point (from Auckland Council GIS) 7.0 Cultural Impact Assessment The Cultural Impact Assessment involved a site visit and desktop study of the proposed development at Scott Point, Hobsonville. A CIA is a report documenting Maori cultural values, interests and associations with an area or a resource, and the potential impacts of a proposed activity on these. Consideration of the proposal is made in regard to its impact upon Te Kawerau a Maki in the areas of wahi tapu, taonga, spiritual values, and wellbeing. It is noted that the structure plan identifies some possible initial areas for stormwater devices and park spaces, and that the Scott Point vision (outlined in section 3.0 of this report) aligns with many of the aims and values of Kawerau a Maki such as preservation of heritage, access, ecological enhancement, energy efficiency, and provision for public transport, cycle, and pedestrians. 7.1 Wahi tapu Wahi tapu may include pa sites, battlefields, burial grounds, significant historic hapu sites, canoe landings etc. The entirety of Scott Point can be loosely defined as wahi tapu (the area is made up of many locations considered wahi tapu) or of high cultural significance. This incorporates the significance of Onekiritea as a kainga and place associated with important tupuna (notably Tawhiakiterangi), as well as the presence of archaeological sites. The development will impact further on the wahi tapu nature of the area and specific locations within in general terms (e.g. construction of roads and buildings on land with significant values related to wahi tapu). Bridge

12 Ref. TKITA November Taonga Taonga can refer to artefacts or parts thereof, objects, flora, fauna, water bodies, or people. There are eight recorded archaeological sites (midden) which likely relate to the Maori occupation of Onekiritea, and it is anticipated that there is a likelihood further sites or artefacts remain in situ in some of the less disturbed areas of land (e.g. near the coast). The recorded archaeological sites will not be impacted upon by the development to the best of the author s knowledge. The area known as Tahingamanu, now destroyed and in pasture, is still of significance. The estuaries and harbour are considered taonga due to their life sustaining and other values. The development may impact upon taonga in terms of earthworks uncovering further in situ cultural materials and an increased discharge of stormwater to the waterways. Both aspects can be mitigated through careful design, protocols and/or monitoring. 7.3 Spiritual values Spiritual values pertains to mauri (life force) and wairua (spiritual nature/forces/essences) of people, flora, fauna, land, bodies of water etc. The land has been subject to significant modification in places through past farming, horticultural and building activity which has damaged the mauri of the land and waterways in the past. The increased development proposed may further adversely affect the mauri of the land and water further through bulk earthworks, increased stormwater runoff, wastewater, and a dense population. Although light pollution is already an issue throughout wider Auckland, any development can contribute to this, which affects the ability to view the constellations. Nevertheless each new development provides opportunities to recognise and potentially enhance the spiritual values of a place if done carefully and respectfully (according to tikanga). This can include: the planting of native eco-sourced productive vegetation; stormwater enhancement mechanisms; energy efficient and sustainable building methods and materials; robust sediment controls; use of local fill material; ensuring wastewater reticulation systems cater adequately for projected growth and are designed to avoid overflow discharges; and the provision of open spaces; the naming of roads and areas using Kawerau names; or by providing iwi-led design or artistic input in some locations to reference the history of the area. For earthworks, using locally sourced fill (where possible) and carefully monitoring the removal of cut material, combined with robust sediment controls, can help protect the spiritual values of a place. Near the coast, all heavy machinery should be checked for leaks prior to entering the area and no re-fuelling should take place within 10m of a watercourse. Stormwater enhancement can be achieved by provision of permeable surfaces (e.g. brick, stone, or tile pavement surfaces), rain gardens or vegetated swales in and near the road corridor, waterway fish ladders, day-lighting of culverted waterways, wetland creation/retention, storm traps, or duel-series retention ponds. 7.4 Wellbeing Wellbeing relates to the potential effects to the people of Te Kawerau a Maki by outside influences or events that affect their way of life or traditions. While the proposal in isolation has minimal impact, the impact on the cultural landscape of the Hobsonville area as a whole is a cumulative issue which is worthy of consideration. Linked to this is the issue of access in whether the proposal will enhance or limit access to sites, resources (i.e. kaimoana), and waterways. An additional issue to consider is the proximity of the marae and the effect of the development on this. Bridge

13 Ref. TKITA November 2013 The impact upon the cultural landscape can be partially mitigated and enhanced through naming some of the new streets with Kawerau names, planting native vegetation, and establishing design components or artworks in public spaces such as parks or on infrastructure (which can often be cost-neutral). It can be argued that the development of Scott Point will in fact enhance Kawerau access to the area through the provision of public open spaces and pedestrian and transport infrastructure. This could have important positive impacts upon members of the iwi though cultural activities. Reference to the land s cultural heritage including the contemporary presence of Kawerau people and the marae play an important part in the iwi s wellbeing. The historical associations of Te Kawerau a Maki with the area, including place names and design interpretation, would benefit this proposal by providing location-specific amenity attractions, which in turn benefits the people of Kawerau. 7.5 Summary of Effects Specific potential impacts identified as relating to the proposed development include: Impact on cultural landscape (cumulative effect) Light pollution (cumulative effect) Bulk earthworks (archaeology and wahi tapu/taonga in the vicinity) Landscaping works (archaeology and wahi tapu/taonga in the vicinity) Changing land use (loss of habitat) Sediment control Stormwater runoff and increase in impervious surfaces Wastewater High density development Place names Native vegetation (positive effect) Access (positive effect) 8.0 Discussion The Scott Point/Hobsonville area is of great significance to Te Kawerau a Maki. It is the location of the ancient village known as Te Onekiritea and part of a cultural landscape linking Hikurangi with Te Whenua roa o Kahu and the Waitemata Harbour. The area will also contain a Kawerau marae which marks the formal return of the iwi to the traditional land here after more than a century of alienation. The land set aside for the marae is relatively small but future discussions may be held with Council over the Bomb Point area. Subsequently it is important that Te Kawerau join the discussion early over any housing proposed near the marae area. is supportive of high quality and sustainable development that is sensitive to an area s sense of history, place, and inherent natural and cultural features. Auckland s current housing problems can be partially addressed through high density quality developments and this is reflected in Auckland Council s notified Unitary Plan and the Housing Accord Bill. To this end we view the proposed plan change and development at Scott Point peninsula as being overall a positive development which aims to provide high quality, dense urban residential living with the Structure Plan s vision statement in line with many of Kawerau s values. This report has identified a number of potential cultural impacts which will result from the project. Some of these are positive, while others will, in our view, require careful consideration and design in order to mitigate effects and to support a quality and unique development. The development will increase both access to the land and indigenous biodiversity through a commitment to planting of native vegetation. High density development can be positive by combating urban sprawl and concentrating development away from environmentally valuable land, provided energy efficiency, Bridge

14 Ref. TKITA November 2013 sustainability, and community connectivity are key drivers. Other impacts requiring mitigation include the change of character and land use, and environmental issues such as earthworks and stormwater. Te Kawerau a Maki is keen to work with the developers in supporting the development in addressing these issues, such as environmental enhancement, heritage protection, and interpretation of the area (through design input and street/location names). We are deeply invested in the success of this area and support the Structure Plan and proposed comprehensive resource consent for land use (urban development) subject to the recommendations outlined in this report. 9.0 Recommendations The following recommendations for avoidance or mitigation of cultural impacts are provided as points of discussion between the applicant, statutory agencies, and tangata whenua. 9.1 That (TKITA) supports the development in principle. 9.2 That TKITA support the rezoning of land at Scott Point from rural to urban and support in principal the draft Structure Plan and land use consent subject to the recommendations in this report. 9.3 That the removal of topsoil on the site is subject to providing opportunity for monitoring by the TKITA Resource Management Unit in order to determine whether or not intact archaeological features or deposits/taonga relating to Maori activity are revealed. 9.4 That if intact subsurface archaeological features or artefacts associated with Maori are exposed during any other earthworks, it will be necessary to cease earthworks in the vicinity and representatives of TKITA and the Historic Places Trust should be notified immediately of the discovery (as outlined in section 10.0 of this report). 9.5 That if koiwi (human remains) should be exposed during development, work should cease in the immediate vicinity and the police, TKITA and the Historic Places Trust should be contacted so that appropriate arrangements can be made (as outlined in section 10.0 of this report). 9.6 It should be recognised that the Historic Places Act (1993) protects all archaeological sites and materials whether recorded or not, and it is an offence under the Act to damage, modify, or destroy a site unless an Authority to modify an archaeological site has been obtained from the New Zealand Historic Places Trust. 9.7 Reducing the amount of cut necessary, keeping foundations shallow, ensuring fill material is sourced locally if possible, and establishing robust sediment controls are good mechanisms by which to protect the mauri of the land and should be adopted where practicable. Near the coast, all heavy machinery should be checked for leaks prior to entering the area and no re-fuelling should take place within 10m of a watercourse. 9.8 New buildings and associated infrastructure can contribute to good cultural and environmental outcomes through the use of sustainable, energy efficient materials and construction methods. 9.9 The installation of appropriate low-impact energy efficient street lighting (such as LED) may help to address energy consumption and light pollution and thus contribute to enhancing the spiritual and amenity values of the nightscape. Bridge

15 Ref. TKITA November That site-specific stormwater treatment be made a priority and that the design seek to enhance, rather than mitigate/neutralise stormwater effects. Stormwater enhancement can be achieved by provision of permeable surfaces (e.g. brick, stone, or tile pavement surfaces), rain gardens or vegetated swales in and near the road corridor, waterway fish ladders, day-lighting of culverted waterways, wetland creation/retention, storm traps, or duel-series retention ponds Ensure that, in consultation with Watercare and Kawerau, wastewater reticulation systems cater adequately for projected growth and are designed to avoid overflow discharges (or provide mechanisms to prevent discharges reaching the harbour) That native eco-sourced vegetation is incorporated into the design as the default type of vegetation. This should include fruit bearing or productive species to encourage native habitat uptake That TKITA are provided the opportunity to consult with the landscape architect at the implementation stage of the development The impact upon the cultural landscape and the land itself can be partially mitigated and enhanced through naming some of the new streets with Kawerau names. Heritage interpretation in the form of stand alone iwi art sculpture or iwi-led integrated physical design elements are suggested positive mechanisms of cultural mitigation That as part of the development provision is made for a public coastal walkway to ensure access to the coastal area That Te Kawerau a Maki kaumatua be afforded the opportunity to undertake sod turning or blessing ceremonies for the project. Bridge

16 Ref. TKITA November Protocol for the discovery of koiwi or taonga unearthed during construction operations The term koiwi here refers to human remains such as skeletal material, while taonga means cultural artefacts such as implements, weapons or decorations traditionally and historically used by tangata whenua and includes parts or the remains thereof. Features such as pits, midden or terraces are afforded the same legal protection as other archaeological materials or taonga. Iwi play an important role as kaitiaki in the care and management of koiwi tangata/human skeletal remains and taonga following discovery. It is essential that iwi are notified at the earliest opportunity should any koiwi or taonga be unearthed during earthworks or other operations. The following procedures should be adopted in the event that koiwi, archaeological features or taonga are discovered or are suspected to have been unearthed during construction activities: 10.1 If koiwi, archaeological features, or taonga are exposed during development, earthworks should immediately cease in the vicinity. It is important that any remains or artefacts are left undisturbed or in situ once discovered The Site Supervisor should take steps immediately to secure the area so that koiwi or taonga remain untouched and site access is restricted The Site Supervisor will ensure that eating, drinking, and smoking in the immediate vicinity is prohibited The Project Manager will notify (a) the New Zealand Police (in the case of koiwi/skeletal remains only) (b) the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (c) Resource Management Unit (d) The Project Archaeologist (if applicable) 10.5 will contact the appropriate kaumatua in order to guide and advise the parties involved as to the appropriate course of action. Any associated costs should be met by the developer The Project Manager will ensure staff are available on site to guide police (as appropriate) and kaumatua to the site In the case of koiwi, site access should be restricted to other parties until Police are satisfied the remains are not of forensic relevance If the parties involved are satisfied that the koiwi or taonga are of Maori origin the kaumatua will decide how they are to be dealt with and will communicate this to the New Zealand Police and other parties are appropriate Activity on the site will remain on hold until the Police (in the case of koiwi), the kaumatua and New Zealand Historic Places Trust have given approval for activity to recommence The Project Manager shall ensure that kaumatua have the opportunity to undertake karakia and other cultural ceremonies and activities at the site as may be considered appropriate in accordance with tikanga Maori (Maori customs and protocols). Bridge

17 Ref. TKITA November Applicability This report has been prepared for the particular brief given, and data or opinions contained in it may not be used in any other context or for any other purpose without prior review and agreement References Clough & Associates Ltd. (2013). Proposed plan change, Scotts Point, Hobsonville: Heritage assessment. Unpublished report. Harrison Grierson Consultants (2013). Draft Structure Plan v.1. Murdoch, G. (2011). Te Kawerau a Maki claim overview report. Unpublished report. Soil and Rock Consultants (2013). Preliminary geotechnical appraisal report, Clark Road Development. Unpublished Report. Taua, T.W. (2009). He kohikohinga korero mo Hikurangi. In F. Macdonald and R. Kerr (eds.) West: The history of Waitakere. Random House New Zealand. Edward Ashby (MA, PGDipScience) Environment Officer Resource Management Unit Bridge