CONTENTS PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING. rguhs) Iii year 1.1 UNIT PROCESSES Mass/Material Balance Energy Balance... 1.

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1 Contents i PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING FOR (b.pharmacy rguhs) Iii year CONTENTS UNIT - I [STOICHIOMETRY STOICHIOMETRY] UNIT PROCESSES MATERIAL AND ENERGY Y BALANCES Mass/Material Balance Energy Balance UNITS AND THEIR CONVERSIONS DIMENSIONAL FORMULAE DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS Expected University Questions with Solutions UNIT - II [FLUID FLOW] INTRODUCTION FLUID STATICS TICS MANOMETERS FLUID DYNAMICS Mechanism of Fluid Flow Reynold s Experiment Bernoulli s Theorem

2 ii Contents 2.5 FLOW METERS Orfice Meter Venturi Meter Pitot Meter Rotameter Expected University Questions with Solutions UNIT - III [HEAT TRANSFER] INTRODUCTION CONDUCTION CONVECTION Surface Coefficients Boiling Liquids Condensing Vapours OVERALL HEAT T TRANSFER COEFFICIENT TEMPERATURE TURE GRADIENTS HEAT T EXCHANGERS HEAT T INTERCHANGERS RADIATION Black Body Gray Body Stefan Boltzmann Equation Kirchoff s Law Expected University Questions with Solutions

3 Contents iii UNIT - IV [EVAPORATION EVAPORATION] INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPT OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA (THEORY OF EVAPORA APORATION) FACT CTORS AFECTING EVAPORA APORATION EVAPORA APORATORS ORS Selection Criteria for an Evaporator Evaporator Accessories Classification of Evaporators EVAPORA APORATING PAN/STEAM JACKETED KETTLE HORIZONTAL AL TUBE EVAPORA APORATOR OR FILM EVAPORA APORATORS ORS Long Tube Vertical (LTV) TV) Evoporators Forced Circulation Evaporators SINGLE EFFECT EVOPORA OPORATORS ORS MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORA APORATORS ORS Expected University Questions with Solutions UNIT - V [DISTILLATION DISTILLATION] INTRODUCTION EQUIPMENT FOR DISTILLATION TION RAOUL OULT S LAW VOLATILITY SIMPLE DISTILLATION TION

4 iv Contents 5.6 STEAM DISTILLATION TION FLASH DISTILLATION TION PRINCIPLES OF RECTIFICATION TION Fractional Distillation AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION TION EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION TION MOLECULAR DISTILLATION TION Expected University Questions with Solutions UNIT - VI [DRYING DRYING] INTRODUCTION THEORY OF MECHANISM OF DRYING Equilibrium Relationships Rate Relationships CLASSIFICATION OF DRYERS TRAY Y DRYER FLUIDIZED BED DRYER DRUM DRYER VACUUM DRYER FREEZE DRYER SPRAY DRYER ROTAR ARY DRYER SPECIAL DRYING MATHODS THODS Frequently Asked Questions with Solutions

5 Contents v UNIT - VII [SIZE REDUCTION] DEFINITION OBJECTIVES OF SIZE REDUCTION FACT CTORS AFFECTING SIZE REDUCTION LAWS GOVERNING ENERGY AND POWER REQUIREMENTS OF A MILL MECHANISMS OF SIZE REDUCTION ADVANT ANTAGES AND DISADVANT ANTAGES OF SIZE REDUCTION APPLICATIONS OF SIZE REDUCTION TYPES OF MILLS BALL MILL HAMMERMILL MILL FLUID ENERGY MILL COLLOID MILL EDGE RUNNER MILL END RUNNER MILL Expected University Questions with Solutions UNIT - VIII [SIZE SEPERATION] INTRODUCTION DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF SIZE SEPARA ARATION TION SIEVES EQUIPMENT FOR SIZE SEPARA ARATION (SHAKERS)

6 vi Contents 8.5 SIZE SEPARA ARATION BY SETTLING CYCL CLONE SEPERATOR AIR SEPARA ARATOR OR BAG FILTERS Frequently Asked Questions with Solutions UNIT - IX [MIXING MIXING] INTRODUCTION THEORY OF MIXING SOLID-SOLID MIXING Equipment for Solid-solid Mixing Tumblers Ribbon Blender Sigma Blade Mixer Planetary Mixer Zig-zag Mixers Barrel Type Mixer Fludised Bed Mixer Triple Roller Mixer LIQUID-LIQUID MIXING EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID-LIQUID MIXING Mixing Equipment for MIscible Liquids Mixing Equipment for Mixing of Immiscible Liquids (Homogenisation and Homogenisers) VONEX FORMATION AND PREVENTION Frequently Asked Questions with Solutions

7 Contents vii UNIT - X [MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM] INTRODUCTION CONVEYORS Belt Conveyor Screw Conveyor Pneumatic Conveyor Chain Conveyors BLOWERS Expected University Questions with Solutions UNIT - XI [FILTRATION AND CENTRIFUGATION] FILTRA TRATION TION THEORY Y OF FILTRA TRATION TION AND KOZENY S EQUATION FILTER AIDS FILTER MEDIA CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL FILTERS MECHANISM OF FILTRA TRATION TION FACT CTORS AFFECTING THE RATE TE OF FILTRA TRATION TION PLATE AND FRAME FILTER PRESS FILTER LEAF META FILTER CANDLE FILTER TER CENTRIFUGATION TION

8 viii Contents THEORY OF CENTRIFIGATION TION APPLICATIONS OF CENTRIFIGATION TION IN PHARMACY CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL CENTRIFUGES CENTRIFUGAL FILTERS TERS CENTRIFUGAL SEDIMENTORS Expected University Questions with Solutions UNIT - XII [CRYSTALIZATION CRYSTALIZATION] INTRODUCTION CRYST YSTAL AL FORMS AND CRYST YSTAL AL HABIT SOLUBILITY CURVES MIER S THEORY CLASSIFICATION OF CRYST YSTALIZERS AGITATED TED BATCH CH CRYST YSTALIZER SWENSON - WALKER CRYST YSTALIZER KRYST YSTAL AL CRYST YSTALIZER VACUUM CRYST YSTALIZER CALKING OF CRYST YSTALS Expected University Questions with Solutions UNIT - XIII [HUMIDIFICATION, AIRCONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION] INTRODUCTION Definitions WET BULB THEORY STUDY OF PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTS PRINCIPLES OF DRY AND WET BULB THERMOMETERS

9 Contents ix 13.5 HUMIDIFICATION TION DEHUMIDIFICATION TION AIR CONDITIONING REFRIGERATION TION Expected University Questions with Solutions UNIT - XIV [MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION] INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS OF PLANT CONSTRUCTION FERROUS METALS (IRON) NON-FERROUS METALS (ALUMINIUM AND LEAD) GLASS RUBBER PLASTIC Expected University Questions with Solutions UNIT - XV [CORROSION CORROSION] INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION OF CORROSION MECHANISM OF CORROSION FACT CTORS INFLUENCING CORROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF CORROSION Frequently Asked Questions with Solutions

10 x Contents UNIT - XVI [PLANT LOCATION] INTRODUCTION Fundamental (Primary) Factors Derived Factors PLANT LAYOUT UTILITIES AND SERVICES INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY MEASURES SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND CONTROL Frequently Asked Questions with Solutions

OURSE TITLE : MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS 1 COURSE CODE : 5071 COURSE CATEGORY : A PERIODS/ WEEK : 4 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 52 CREDIT : 4 TIME SCHEDULE

OURSE TITLE : MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS 1 COURSE CODE : 5071 COURSE CATEGORY : A PERIODS/ WEEK : 4 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 52 CREDIT : 4 TIME SCHEDULE MODULE TOPIC PERIODS 1 Diffusion and Absorption 13 2 Humidification