Controls & Demand Response / Water Heater Ready Stakeholder Meeting

Transcription

1 Controls & Demand Response / Water Heater Ready Stakeholder Meeting California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program Energy Solutions Heschong Mahone Group June 1, 2011 Conference Call Number: Access Code: 88704#

2 2 Agenda 12:30 12:40 Introductions 12:40 2:30 Upgradeable Setback Thermostats 2:30 3:30 Residential Plug-load Controls 3:30 4:30 Standing Losses /Water Heater Ready CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes June 1, 2011

3 3 IOU Support for 2013 Title 24 The California Investor Owned Utilities (IOUs) are actively supporting the California Energy Commission (CEC) in developing the state s building energy efficiency code (Title 24) Their joint intent is to achieve significant energy savings through the development of reasonable, responsible, and cost-effective code change proposals for the 2013 code update and beyond As part of the IOU effort, at the request of the CEC, we are hosting stakeholder meetings to get industry input and feedback on our code change proposals CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes June 1, 2011

4 Requirements for a Successful Code Change 4 For base code, a measure must: Be cost-effective based on the standards-induced additional first cost, maintenance costs, measure life, and energy cost savings typically according to the Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) life-cycle costing methodology and weather data to be provided by the California Energy Commission Be possible to implement using equipment that is available from multiple providers or that is reasonably expected to be available following the code change CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes June 1, 2011

5 5 IOU Stakeholder Meetings Process Typically holding three meetings: First: present scope, request data Code change direction and possible options Methodology Best practices, market data Second: present findings Results of data collection and analysis Cost effectiveness Strawman proposed code language Third/final: present proposed code language Will post code change language online in advance Phone/webinar meetings depending on feedback CEC s pre-rulemaking workshops scheduled for April/May/June CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes June 1, 2011

6 6 Submitting Comments Informal Comment Process Comments can be submitted to CASE authors, substantive comments will receive responses Questions and responses will not be posted online, but common or frequent questions will be communicated as necessary between stakeholders The team will work with stakeholders to resolve issues as best we can The CEC has a formal comment process during later stages of the official rulemaking process CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes June 1, 2011

7 7 Schedule: Key Dates March 2010 March 2011 CEC develop foundation /methodology IOUs conduct research and analysis, and present results at stakeholder meetings Feb - March 2011 IOUs finalize code change proposals for submittal to CEC April June 2011 CEC conducts pre-rulemaking work shops Sept 2011 Feb 2012 CEC Rulemaking Activities, 45 Day Language March 2012 Title 24 Adoption date January 1, 2014 Title 24 Effective date CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes June 1, 2011

8 8 Meeting Protocols Please DO NOT place your phone on HOLD Please mute your microphone, unless you want to speak Ask questions/comment by chat or by voice We want to hear your concerns Opposing viewpoints are encouraged We are seeking information, not resolution Time is limited Clearly state your name and affiliation prior to speaking Speak loudly for the people on the phone Minutes and presentation material will be available online we will distribute link CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes June 1, 2011

9 Upgradeable Setback Thermostats California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program Joshua Rasin Heschong Mahone Group Stakeholder Meeting - webinar June 1, 2011

10 10 Background Why Demand Response? Enhance grid reliability and prevent rolling blackouts DR is more cost effective than building additional power plants to meet peak demand (only a few hours annually) California utilities are moving towards Peak Day pricing Pass high cost of delivering power during critical periods on to customers, rather than average into summer rates Creates an opportunity for consumers to manage their bills Studies show that enabling technology provides ~2x the load impact as DR using pricing or incentives alone 1 Customer participation in DR programs and events are VOLUNTARY 1. Faruqui and Sergici, Household Response to Dynamic Pricing of Electricity: A Survey of the Experimental Evidence, February 15, 2010 UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

11 11 Background Why Demand Responsive Thermostats? Air conditioner loads are highly coincident with peak energy consumption in California NR A/C contributes 8,139 MW (15%) of peak demand Res A/C contributes 7,917 MW (14%) of peak demand However other loads are also becoming more easily shed as part of demand response Lighting Refrigerators Washing machines Plug loads / power strips UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

12 12 Existing Language 112(c) 112(c) Thermostats. All unitary heating and/or cooling systems including heat pumps that are not controlled by a central energy management control system (EMCS) shall have a setback thermostat. 1. Setback Capabilities. All thermostats shall have a clock mechanism that allows the building occupant to program the temperature set points for at least four periods within 24 hours. Thermostats for heat pumps shall meet the requirements of Section 112(b). EXCEPTION 1 to Section 112(c): Gravity gas wall heaters, gravity floor heaters, gravity room heaters, non-central electric heaters, fireplaces or decorative gas appliances, wood stoves, room air conditioners, and room air-conditioner heat pumps need not comply with this requirement. Additionally, room air-conditioner heat pumps need not comply with Section 112(b). Under performance method of compliance, the resulting increase in energy use due to elimination of the setback thermostat shall be factored into the compliance analysis in accordance with a method prescribed by the Executive Director. UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

13 13 Background 2008 PCT Proposal Programmable Communicating Thermostat (PCT) proposal for 2008 code: Built-in one-way communication (RDS) Add expansion slot to allow utility or service provider to utilize different communication method Mandatory response to emergency events Met with political resistance This is different UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

14 UST Proposal Realize there were legitimate consumer concerns with previous proposal No more mandatory participation in emergency events Allow for manual override Added requirement to allow for physically disabling the communication component of the thermostat Default demand response is 4 F setback, but can be defined by the user Participation in DR program/event is voluntary UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

15 15 112(c)2 Communication 2008 PCT proposal 2. Communicating Capabilities. All PCTs shall be distributed with a nonremovable Radio Data System (RDS) communications device that is compatible with the default statewide DR communications system, which can be used by utilities to send price and emergency signals. PCTs shall be capable of receiving and responding to the signals indicating price and emergency events as follows UST Proposal 2. Upgradeable Capabilities. USTs shall not include onboard communication devices and shall have at least one industry standard expansion/communication port which will allow for the installation of a removable communication module. If the communication module is not present, the UST shall function as a programmable setback thermostat. When the communication module is installed by the occupant, the UST shall be capable of both receiving and responding to demand response (DR) signals including price and emergency signals sent by the utility. USTs, with the communication module installed, shall be capable of receiving and responding to the DR signals as follows: UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

16 16 112(c)2b Emergency Events 2008 PCT proposal B. Emergency Events. Upon receiving an emergency signal, the PCT shall respond to commands contained in the emergency signal, including changing the setpoint by any number of degrees or to a specific temperature setpoint. The PCT shall not allow customer changes to thermostat settings during emergency events UST Proposal B. Emergency Events. Upon receiving an emergency event signal, the UST shall respond to a specific offset contained in the emergency signal for heating and cooling modes, as described in Reference Joint Appendix JA5. C. Override Function. For all DR events, including price and emergency events, the UST shall include a physical override function, which when activated by the occupant, restores the UST to the conditions just prior to the current DR event. UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

17 17 112(c)3 Required Capabilities 2008 PCT proposal A. Include at least one industry standard expansion/communication port. Insertion of a utility-specific communications module shall disable the default statewide communications hardware built in to the PCT unless the utility module is removed or is no longer receiving a signal. E. Through user input be capable of addressability at the substation level or finer including individual PCT UST Proposal A. The expansion/communication port shall be readily accessible to the occupant for installing and removing the communication module without the need to remove the UST from the wall. E. Include the capability to allow the occupant to restore the default temperature offsets and setpoints to levels specified in 112(c)2A and Reference Joint Appendix JA5. UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

18 18 112(c) Exceptions EXCEPTION 1 to Section 112(c): Gravity gas wall heaters, gravity floor heaters, gravity room heaters, non-central electric heaters, fireplaces or decorative gas appliances, wood stoves, room air conditioners, and room air-conditioner heat pumps need not comply with this requirement. Additionally, room airconditioner heat pumps need not comply with Section 112(b). EXCEPTION 2 to Section 112(c): Other devices within the heating and cooling system capable of providing equivalent demand response functionality described in Section 112(c) that is approved by the Executive Director. EXCEPTION 3 to Section 112(c): Thermostats installed in existing buildings including new additions to existing buildings, may be equipped with onboard communication devices provided that the thermostats are equipped with a physical on/off switch that cuts off power to the onboard communication device. UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

19 19 Technology USTs would be allowed in 2 configurations: Plug-in interface for a (removable) communication device, for example USNAP Built-in communicating device that can be completely turned off by a switch on the thermostat case (existing buildings) Current survey found no products that exactly meet all of these requirements Modifications required to comply appear to be technically viable, and should be feasible by 2014 UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

20 20 Technology Several communicating thermostats are available, at a variety of price points UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

21 21 Manufacturer Survey Products include: Home Area / Energy Network Gateway Communication Modules Thermostats Software 5 respondents One researcher Two respondents from one company Product Price Range - Communicating Thermostats less than $40 $40 - $80 $80 - $120 $120 - $160 $160 - $200 More than $200 UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

22 Price 22 Preliminary Cost Data Surveyed HomeDepot.com, amazon.com and pexsupply.com Non-communicating Communicating $ $ $ $50.00 $- $ $44.98 $9.98 $59.98 $ $ $33.98 $97.78 $ $99.88 $ day 7-day touchscreen Programming Type Same model With Wi-Fi (two USNAP ports) Without communication UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

23 23 Preliminary Cost Analysis 7-day touch screen programmable thermostat $59.98 without communication $99.88 with 2 USNAP ports (including Wi-Fi module) Communication module adder $96.82 adds communication to an existing tstat Average of these two price points: $68.36 Effective Useful life: 15 years (1999 ASHRAE) Marginal cost of (2) thermostats over 30 years $ (assuming 3% discount rate) UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

24 24 Savings Residential Identified top 1% of TDV (88 hours) Modeled energy impact of 4 degree setback during each DR hour using Micropas Single Family Prototype D 2,700 ft², two-story detached home Single HVAC zone one (1) thermostat Multi-family prototype 6,960 ft², two-story building Eight individual units eight (8) thermostats UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

25 TDV $ 25 Savings Residential (SF and MF) $7, Residential Savings from 88 DR hours annually (per thermostat zone) SF Savings (4 deg offset) MF Savings (4 deg offset) Tstat Cost 25% $6, $5, % $4, % $3, % $2, $1, % $- CZ1 CZ2 CZ3 CZ4 CZ5 CZ6 CZ7 CZ8 CZ9 CZ10 CZ11 CZ12 CZ13 CZ14 CZ15 CZ16 Climate Zone UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar 0% June 1, 2011

26 26 Savings Residential Prototypes Savings are per thermostat Savings (TDV$) Demand Savings (kw) Energy Savings (kwh) Climate Zone SF MF SF MF SF MF CZ1 $ CZ2 $2, CZ3 $1, $ CZ4 $2, CZ5 $ CZ6 $2, $ CZ7 $2, CZ8 $2, CZ9 $5, $2, CZ10 $5, CZ11 $6, CZ12 $5, $1, CZ13 $4, CZ14 $3, $1, CZ15 $3, CZ16 $4, $1, UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

27 27 Savings Nonresidential Identified top 1% of TDV (88 hours) Analysis of 2 and 4 degree setback using equest Retail prototype Three-story building with 5 zones (plus plenum) per floor Assume 15 thermostats per building The building is 164 ft. by 109 ft. with 30% WWR Building area 53,630 ft² (17,877 ft² per floor) Modeled using 2008 prescriptive envelope and HVAC requirements Analyzed climate zones: 3, 6, 9, 12, 14, and 16 UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

28 TDV $ 28 Savings Retail Prototype $35,000 Retail 4 deg savings Tstat Cost $30,000 $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $1, $- CZ3 CZ6 UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar CZ9 CZ12 CZ14 CZ16 June 1, 2011

29 29 Benefit Cost Analysis Cost Effective in all Climate Zones except 1 or 5 Assumes 88 DR event hours annually and 4 degree setback Assumes Customer participation in DR events, which is voluntary Climate Benefit (TDV$) Cost Benefit Cost Ratio Zone Res - SF Res - MF NR - Retail Res - SF Res - MF NR - Retail Res - SF Res - MF NR - Retail CZ1 $ $ CZ2 $2, $ CZ3 $1, $5, $13, $ $ $1, CZ4 $2, $ CZ5 $ $ CZ6 $2, $6, $32, $ $ $1, CZ7 $2, $ CZ8 $2, $ CZ9 $5, $16, $10, $ $ $1, CZ10 $5, $ CZ11 $6, $ CZ12 $5, $13, $11, $ $ $1, CZ13 $4, $ CZ14 $3, $8, $9, $ $ $1, CZ15 $3, $ CZ16 $4, $10, $10, $ $ $1, UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

30 30 Proposed Language 112(c)2 112(c) Thermostats. All unitary heating and/or cooling systems including heat pumps that are not controlled by a central energy management control system (EMCS) shall have an Upgradeable Setback Thermostat (UST) that is certified by the manufacturer to the Energy Commission to meet the requirements of Subsections 112(c)(1), 112(c)(2), and 112(c)3 below: 2. Upgradeable Capabilities. USTs shall not include onboard communication devices and shall have at least one industry standard expansion/communication port which will allow for the installation of a removable communication module. If the communication module is not present, the UST shall function as a programmable setback thermostat. When the communication module is installed by the occupant, the UST shall be capable of both receiving and responding to demand response (DR) signals including price and emergency signals sent by the utility. USTs, with the communication module installed, shall be capable of receiving and responding to the DR signals as follows: UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

31 31 Proposed Language 112(c)2 A. Price Events. Upon receiving a price event signal, the UST shall adjust the thermostat setpoint by the number of degrees indicated by the user for the duration specified in the event signal. The UST, upon installation of the communication module by the occupant, shall default to price and emergency event offsets of +4 F for cooling and -4 F for heating when a DR signal is present; however, occupants shall be able to change the offsets and thermostat settings at any time. The UST shall have the capability to allow occupants to define setpoints for heating and cooling in response to price signals as an alternative to temperature-offsetting response, as described in Reference Joint Appendix JA5. B. Emergency Events. Upon receiving an emergency event signal, the UST shall respond to a specific setpoint contained in the emergency signal for heating and cooling modes, as described in Reference Joint Appendix JA5. C. Override Function. For all DR events, including price and emergency events, the UST shall include a physical override function, which when activated by the occupant, restores the UST to the conditions just prior to the current DR event. UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

32 32 Proposed Language 112(c)3 3. Other Required Capabilities. USTs shall also have the following capabilities onboard, as described in Reference Joint Appendix JA5: A. The expansion/communication port shall be readily accessible to the occupant for installing and removing the communication module without the need to remove the UST from the wall. B. Provide user information regarding communications system connection status, type of event DR event, such as price or emergency, and other maintenance-related information. This information shall be on the standard UST display, using a Liquid Crystal Display, standalone indicator using Light Emitting Diodes, or other means. C. At a minimum, standardized terminal mapping of terminal numbers 1-9. This approach must include 24 volt power supply, both analog and digital USTs, and must support heat pumps with resistance heat strips and reversing valve in both residential and small commercial packaged units. D. Include the capability to randomize, over a 30-minute period after the end of an event, the time at which the thermostat returns to the programmed setpoint. E. Include the capability to allow the occupant to restore the default temperature offsets and setpoints to levels specified in 112(c)2A and Reference Joint Appendix JA5. UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

33 33 Proposed Language 112(c) Exceptions EXCEPTION 1 to Section 112(c): Gravity gas wall heaters, gravity floor heaters, gravity room heaters, non-central electric heaters, fireplaces or decorative gas appliances, wood stoves, room air conditioners, and room air-conditioner heat pumps need not comply with this requirement. Additionally, room airconditioner heat pumps need not comply with Section 112(b). EXCEPTION 2 to Section 112(c): Other devices within the heating and cooling system capable of providing equivalent demand response functionality described in Section 112(c) that is approved by the Executive Director. EXCEPTION 3 to Section 112(c): Thermostats installed in existing buildings including new additions to existing buildings, may be equipped with onboard communication devices provided that the thermostats are equipped with a physical on/off switch that cuts off power to the onboard communication device. UST Stakeholder Meeting - Webinar June 1, 2011

34 Any Questions? California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program Josh Rasin Heschong Mahone Group, Inc

35 35 Residential Plug Load Controls IOU Stakeholder Meeting California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program Keith Kaste Energy Solutions June 1, 2011

36 Residential Plug Load Controls Outline 36 Introduction Proposed Code Change Methodology Results Proposed Code Change Language Questions & Comments CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011

37 37 Residential Plug Load Controls Standby Load is electric power consumed by electronic appliances while they are switched off or in a standby mode Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

38 38 Residential Plug Load Controls 13% of total residential electric demand is standby load. (PIER CEC ) Microwave uses more energy in 24 hour period for standby than it does for cooking. Residential standby load in CA requires four 500 MW power plants. Through plug load control turn off all mains power to certain appliances when we don t need them Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

39 39 Residential Plug Load Controls Potential Compliance Paths (using existing lighting controls). 1. Networked controller (UPB). 2. Wired controller. 3. Switched receptacles (outlets). 4. Notes: Controlled circuits are additional circuits. Controlled receptacles must be clearly marked. Automated controllers can be preset Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

40 Residential Plug Load Controls Networked Controller Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

41 Residential Plug Load Controls Wired Controller 41 Schneider Electric Leviton Intermatic 2011 Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

42 Residential Plug Load Controls Switched Receptacle Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

43 Residential Plug Load Controls Current Code Requirements Title There are no code requirements affecting residential standby load in Title Part 6. No code requirements in Title Part 11 (mandatory or voluntary). Some related language in draft of International Green Construction Code associated with IECC for non-res. Some related language in ASHRAE Section for non-res Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

44 44 Residential Plug Load Controls Code Change Proposals Reach Code Prescriptive: Require installation of a Plug Load Control System that consists of at least one designated electrical circuit with associated receptacles that can be controlled by a Timer Controller Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

45 Residential Plug Load Controls Energy Savings Methodology 45 Target computer peripherals and home entertainment appliances: Personal Computer Wi-fi Router Personal Video Recorder Component / Rack Stereo Monitor Multi-function device Cordless Phone DVD Player Notebook Computer Printer, inkjet Video Game Systems TV DSL Modem Set Top Box, cable Home Theater in a Box Radio Cable Modem Set Top Box, satellite Compact Stereo Power Speakers 2011 Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

46 Residential Plug Load Controls Energy Savings Methodology (cont.) 46 Appliance List Frequency in US households (%) (115 M 2006) Source Document Personal computer 78.0% TIAX D Monitor 78.0% TIAX D5525 Notebook computer 34.0% TIAX D5525 DSL modem 20.0% TIAX D0370 Cable modem 20.0% TIAX D0370 Wi-fi router 40.0% sum of modems 45.0% Multi-function device, inkjet TIAX D0370 Printer, inkjet 45.0% TIAX D0370 Set top box, cable 67.0% TIAX D5525 Set top box, satellite 61.0% TIAX D % Personal video recorder TIAX D5525 Cordless phone 108.0% TIAX D5525 Video game systems 55.0% TIAX D5525 Home theater in a box 22.0% TIAX D5525 Compact stereo 66.0% TIAX D % Component / rack stereo TIAX D0370 DVD player 104.0% TIAX D5525 TV 230.0% RECS at US EIA 49.0% Radio Building America report Power speakers 29.6% Building America report 34.8% Portable stereo Building America report 2011 Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

47 Residential Plug Load Controls Energy Savings Methodology (cont.) 47 Appliance List on mode Power Consumption by Mode (W) sleep/standby mode off mode Power Consumption Source Document Personal computer TIAX D5525 Monitor TIAX D5525 Notebook computer TIAX D5525 DSL modem LBNL report Cable modem LBNL report Wi-fi router Use DSL modem Multi-function device, inkjet Building America report Printer, inkjet Building America report Set top box, cable TIAX D5525 Set top box, satellite TIAX D5525 Personal video recorder TIAX D5525 Cordless phone Building America report Video game systems TIAX D5525 Home theater in a box TIAX D5525 Compact stereo TIAX D5525 Component / rack stereo Building America report DVD player TIAX D5525 TV Building America report Radio Building America report Power speakers Building America report Portable stereo Building America report 2011 Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

48 Residential Plug Load Controls Energy Savings Methodology (cont.) 48 To estimate energy savings potential, we identified two potential Programmed Off Intervals. Turn off mains power to target appliances from midnight to 6 AM daily, and from 10 AM to 1 PM on weekdays. Many homes may program controller differently. Two scenarios: Aggressive: Assumes the home contains all of the appliances that are estimated to exist in more than 20% of California homes (except those that are mutually exclusive). Average: Assumes home contains all appliances at their average frequency in the home (e.g., frequency of radio is 49% and power draw is 1 watt, so this scenario credits 0.49 watt for radio) Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

49 Residential Plug Load Controls Cost Methodology 49 Components and Costs using RS Means: Components Qty Unit Cost Extended Cost RS Means line number Timer Controller 1 $64.95 $64.95 # Breaker 1 $76.00 $76.00 # Receptacle 6 $49.50 $ # Replacement Timer Controller 1 $ $ (Replace controller after 15 years) $ Total Cost 1.05 RS Means California multiplier $ Measure Cost 2011 Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

50 Residential Plug Load Controls Cost and Savings Results 50 The aggressive scenario achieved watts power reduction during the Programmed Off Interval. The 30 year cost savings for midnight to 6 AM daily and 10 AM to 1 PM weekdays would be $ This is a Life Cycle Cost of -$ This measure is cost effective for the aggressive scenario using Reach TDV. The average scenario achieved watts power reduction during the Programmed Off Interval. The 30 year cost savings for midnight to 6 AM daily and 10 AM to 1 PM weekdays would be $ This is a Life Cycle Cost of -$ This measure is cost effective for the average scenario Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

51 Residential Plug Load Controls Cost and Savings Results 51 LCC Results a b c d e f g Measure Life (Years) Residential Plug Load Control Additional Costs 1 Current Measure Costs (Relative to Basecase) ($) Per Newly Constructed Residence Additional Cost Post-Adoption Measure Costs (Relative to Basecase) ($) Per Newly Constructed Residence PV of Additional 3 Maintenance Costs (Savings) (Relative to Basecase) (PV$) Per Newly Constructed Residence PV of 4 Energy Cost Savings(Rea ch TDV) Per Newly Constructed Residence (PV$) LCC Per Prototype Building ($) (c+e)-f Based on Current Costs Aggressive Savings Scenario Average Savings Scenario 30 $460 $460 $106 $876 -$ $460 $460 $106 $590 -$ Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

52 52 Residential Plug Load Controls Proposed Code Language A Plug Load Control System shall be installed that consists of at least one designated electrical circuit with associated receptacles that can be controlled by a Timer Controller. The designated circuit and the associated receptacles shall meet the requirements below: The receptacles attached to this circuit shall be located in the living room (2), a bedroom (2), and an office (2), or bedroom capable of serving as an office. These receptacles must be clearly marked as receptacles with intermittent power Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

53 53 Residential Plug Load Controls Proposed Code Language (cont.) The Timer Controller shall be a time-of-day operated control device capable of turning receptacles on and off at specific programmed times, and shall meet the requirements below: The device shall be wall mounted in a convenient location The device shall include a time clock that can be set by the user The device shall include a Program Mode in which on/off schedules can be programmed based on time of day, and day of week (to distinguish between weekends and weekdays) The device shall have a factory preset schedule in the Program mode to cut mains power from midnight to 6:00 AM daily. The device shall be capable of multiple on/off schedules per day. The device shall include an On Mode in which mains power is supplied to the receptacles. This mode shall be capable of overriding the Program mode until the next scheduled on/off event of the Program mode Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

54 54 Residential Plug Load Controls Proposed Code Language (cont.) The Timer Controller shall be a time-of-day operated control device capable of turning receptacles on and off at specific programmed times, and shall meet the requirements below: The device shall include an Off Mode in which mains power is not supplied to the receptacles. This mode shall be capable of over-riding the Program mode until the next scheduled on/off event of the Program mode. The device shall include a Permanent Off Mode in which the mains power to the receptacles is cut off and remains off until the Timer Controller is toggled back on. At that time, normal programming will resume. This is to allow the circuit to be off for extended periods of time, such as vacation. The device shall include a Permanent On Mode. Kn this mode the circuit would behave like all the other circuits in the house. There would be no Programmed Off Interval Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

55 55 Residential Plug Load Controls? QUESTIONS & COMMENTS Keith Kaste Energy Solutions x Title 24 CASE Process UpdateCA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes, June 1, 2011 Proposed Code Changes

56 56 High Efficiency Water Heater Ready California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program Yanda Zhang Heschong Mahone Group, Inc. June 1, /01/2011

57 HE Water Heater Ready Presentation Overview 57 Potential Code Change Proposals Typical Practice Federal standards/energy Star CA market Cost Effectiveness Proposed Code Language Next Steps CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

58 HE Water Heater Ready Potential Code Change Proposals 58 Residential buildings using gas water with heat input less than 75,000 Btu/hr Electrical connection: 120 volt receptacle Vent system: condensing compatible Condensate: drain line (into building drain or through sidewall) Gas supply: ¾ inch pipe Flue damper not considered Water heater blanket not effective CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

59 HE Water Heater Ready DOE Rulemaking Considerations 59 Gas-fired Storage Gas-fired Instantaneous Standing Pilot, 1 ins Standing pilot (BASELINE) Standing Pilot, 1.5 ins Standing Pilot, Improved HX Standing Pilot, 2 Ins Electronic Ignition, Improved HX Electronic ignition, 1 ins, power vent Electronic ignition, 1.5 ins, power vent Electronic ignition, 2 ins, power vent Condensing, 2 ins, power vent Electronic Ignition, Power Vent Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Improved HX Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Improved HX Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Direct Vent, Improved HX, Low NOx Burner Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Direct Vent, Condensing Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Direct Vent, Condensing (Max-Tech) CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

60 HE Water Heater Ready Federal Standards Effective: April 16, 2015 Require high efficiency performance: Gas Storage: Condensing for >55 Gal Gas Instantaneous: Power vent 60 EF = EF = EF = 0.82 CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

61 HE Water Heater Ready Energy Star 61 High-Efficiency Gas Storage ENERGY STAR Criteria Energy Factor First-Hour Rating Warranty Safety Gas Storage (Ending 8/31/2010) EF >= 0.62 FHR >= 67 gallons per hour Warranty >= 6 years on sealed system ANSI Z /CSA 4.1 Gas Storage (Beginning 9/1/2010) EF >= 0.67 FHR >= 67 gallons per hour Warranty >= 6 years on sealed system ANSI Z /CSA 4.1 Gas Condensing ENERGY STAR Criteria Energy Factor First-Hour Rating Warranty Safety Gas Condensing EF >= 0.8 FHR >= 67 gallons per hour Warranty >= 8 years on sealed system ANSI Z /CSA 4.1 CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

62 HE Water Heater Ready California Low NOx Requirement 62 Three districts, 19 counties, 27 million population (70% of California) South Coast AQMD BAY AREA AQMD San Joaquin Valley APCD Power vent is needed for low NOx burners CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

63 HE Water Heater Ready Regulatory Demand & Market Barrier 63 High Efficiency Water Heater is Required for Instantaneous water heater Storage water heater w/ more than 55 gal Low NOx water heaters Energy Star Next cycle of DOE rulemaking Most water heaters are replaced when they are broken Fast services are needed no retrofit; limited options Home owners not aware of regulations (current & future) not aware of future impact CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

64 HE Water Heater Ready Cost Effectiveness Analysis Method 64 New Construction Cost Effective Options Cost Savings Avoided Retrofit Cost New Construction initial cost for compliance 100% stainless steel vent highest cost scenario Replacement upgrade avoid retrofit cost DOE standards upgrade Upgrade to instantaneous WH Upgrade to 55 gallon Upgrade to Energy Star WH CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

65 65 HE Water Heater Ready Gas Water Heater Options DOE Rulemaking Supporting Documents (2010$) Water Heater Options Energy Factor Retail Price Gas-fired Storage Standing Pilot, 1.5 ins 0.62 $ Standing Pilot, 2 Ins 0.63 $ Electronic ignition, 1 ins, power vent 0.64 $ Electronic ignition, 1.5 ins, power vent 0.65 $ Electronic ignition, 2 ins, power vent 0.67 $1, Condensing, 2 ins, power vent 0.77 $1,243 Gas Instantaneous Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Improved HX 0.82 $1, Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Improved HX 0.84 $1, Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Direct Vent, Improved HX, Low NOx Burner 0.85 $1, Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Direct Vent, Condensing 0.92 $2, Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Direct Vent, Condensing (Max-Tech) 0.95 $2,261 CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

66 HE Water Heater Ready Gas Water Installation Costs DOE Rulemaking Supporting Documents Venting: Horizontal install, 12 ft long Already installed in garage, need to bring close to WH Condensate drain: building drainage or outside through side wall 66 New Construction Retrofit (Upgrade) Venting Plastic $158 $204 Type-B Stainless Steel $571 n/a Type-B steel $482 n/a Electric Connection (120V) $0 $259 Condensate Drain Connection $37 $113 Neutralizer Condensate Filter $86 $86 Condensate Pump $0 $40 3/4" Gas pipe $47 $689 CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

67 HE Water Heater Ready New Construction Cost Effectiveness year gas TDV, 12 year useful life Include the neutralizer cost Not include federal tax credit for condensing WH (30% installed cost) Water Heater Options Venting Option Installation Cost Installed Cost Energy Consumption (30 Yr TDV) Gas-fired Storage Standing Pilot, 1.5 ins Type-B steel $482 $1,173 $5,678 $7, Standing Pilot, 2 Ins Type-B steel $482 $1,411 $5,588 $7, Electronic ignition, 1 ins, power vent Plastic $194 $1,229 $5,500 $7, Electronic ignition, 1.5 ins, power vent Plastic $194 $1,261 $5,416 $7, Electronic ignition, 2 ins, power vent Plastic $194 $1,523 $5,254 $8, Condensing, 2 ins, power vent Plastic $194 $1,523 $4,572 $7,394 Gas Instantaneous Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Improved HX Plastic $241 $1,495 $4,293 $7, Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Improved HX Plastic $241 $2,102 $4,191 $8, Electronic Ignition, Power / Direct Vent, Improved HX, Low NOx Plastic $241 $2,209 $4,141 $8, Electronic Ignition, Power / Direct Vent, Condensing Plastic $241 $2,373 $3,826 $8, Electronic Ignition, Power / Direct Vent, Condensing (Max-Tech) Plastic $241 $2,588 $3,705 $8,533 LCC CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

68 68 HE Water Heater Ready Cost Savings Incremental cost compared to the baseline of: Type-B steel vent / electric plug away from WH no condensate drain / ½ inch gas line If more than 13% of the market upgrade to HE water heaters, net cost savings > 0 New Construction Retrofit (Upgrade) Venting Plastic $204 Type-B Stainless Steel $89 - Electric Connection (120V) $0 $259 Condensate Drain Connection $37 $113 Condensate Pump $0 $40 3/4" Gas pipe $47 $689 Total $173 $1306 CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

69 HE Water Heater Ready Market Trend California utility new construction programs evaluation The percentage of water heaters that were instantaneous increased from 0% in homes built under the 1995 standards to 24% in homes built under the 2005 standards. DOE rulemaking AHRI shipment data 69 Manufacturers reported very fast adoption of HE water heater 2011 ACEEE Hot Water Forum (Mike Parker of A.O. Smith) CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

70 HE Water Heater Ready Compliance Benefits 70 Water heating represents 20% to 80% of the TDV energy budget We ve seen large penetration of instantaneous water heater Water Heater Options DHW TDV Reduction Total TDV Reduction Incremental Installed Cost 0.77 Storage: Condensing, 2 ins, power vent 25% 5% - 20% $ Instantaneous: Electronic Ignition, Power Vent, Improved HX 33% 8% - 27% $322 CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

71 HE Water Heater Ready Proposed Code Language 71 Section 150(n) - Existing (n) Water Heating Recirculation Loops Serving Multiple Dwelling Units. Water heating recirculation loops serving multiple dwelling units shall meet the requirements of Section 113(c)5. CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

72 HE Water Heater Ready Proposed Code Language Cont. 72 Section 150(n) - New (n) Water Heating System. 1. Gas Water Heater. Systems using gas or propane water heaters with heat input less than 75,000 Btu per hour shall meet the following conditions: A. A 120V electrical receptacle shall be installed within 3 feet from the water heater without partition walls in between; and B. The vent system shall be compatible with condensing water heaters, and C. A condensate drain line shall be installed that meets local jurisdiction requirements, and D. A ¾ inch gas supply line shall be installed. 2. Recirculation Loops Serving Multiple Dwelling Units. Water heating recirculation loops serving multiple dwelling units shall meet the requirements of Section 113(c)5. CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

73 HE Water Heater Ready Next Steps 73 Statewide Energy Savings Analysis Impact on adoption of high efficiency water heaters CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 06/01/2011

74 HE Water Heater Ready 74? QUESTIONS & COMMENTS Yanda Zhang CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes 05/13/2011