UTAH ASHRAE CHAPTER ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Transcription

1 UTAH ASHRAE CHAPTER ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM IDEC SYSTEMS SAVE ENERGY WHILE REDUCING DEMAND ON GRID November 2, 2012 Presented by Tom Colvin, P.E., LEED AP, DBIA

2 EVAPORATIVE COOLING BENEFITS ENERGY CONSERVATION REDUCES DEMAND ON UTILITY PEAK DAYS HIGH INDOOR AIR QUALITY REDUCES BUILDING OPERATING COSTS

3 CONSIDER EVAPORATIVE COOLING FOR ALL PROJECTS LOCATED IN DRY CLIMATE BETTER IAQ DURING COOLING HOURS REDUCED ENERGY COSTS SAME EQUIPMENT CAN BE USED FOR HUMIDIFICATION DURING WINTER WITH NO STEAM BOILER AND ASSOCIATED BOILER MAINTENANCE.

4 ECONOMIC COMPARISONS PAYBACK PERIOD IN UTAH IS USUALLY 4 5 YEARS FOR BUILDINGS WITH TYPICAL OFFICE HOURS OPERATING SCHEDULE (55 hrs/wk) SAVES ABOUT 80% OF CHILLER TON-HOURS BASED ON $0.03/KWH 03/KWH + $11/KW DEMAND COST 12 MEDIA & 6R/10FPI COIL ADDS $0.55/CFM 30% LESS CHILLER SAVES $0.33/CFM NET FIRST COST PREMIUM = $0.22/CFM + PIPING BUILDINGS WITH LARGE OUTSIDE AIR REQUIREMENTS OR INCREASED HOURS OF OPERATION DECREASE PAYBACK PERIOD

5 DEMAND REDUCTION FOR UTILITY COMPANY SINCE CHILLERS IN AN IDEC SYSTEM ARE TYPICALLY SIZED AT 60-70% OF THE CALCULATED COOLING LOAD, THE MAXIMUM POWER DEMAND FOR THE BUILDING IS REDUCED; EVEN ON DAYS WITH CHILLERS AT FULL LOAD.

6 EVAPORATIVE COOLING INDIRECT/DIRECT (IDEC) SYSTEMS PROVIDE MAXIMUM REDUCTION IN POWER DEMANDS WHEN OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURES ARE HOTTEST CHILLERS IN SLC RARELY OPERATE WHEN OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE IS ABOVE 92ºF CHILLERS NEVER OPERATE WHEN OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE IS ABOVE 95ºF (UTILITY PEAK DAYS)

7 Process 1 Indirect Evaporative Cooling Water must be cooler than air Air heat passes into water through a coil or other exchanger Enthalpy changes Wet-bulb temperature of airstream is depressed Humidity is constant Limited by both wet bulb temperature and heat exchanger 100% outside air is not required

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9 Process 2: Direct Evaporation Distribution Pipe Ball Valve Flow Meter Flow Balancing Valve Optional Filter Ball Valve Ball Valve Bleed Off Drain Sump or trough Float valve

10 Process 2: Direct Evaporative Cooling Rigid Media & sump systems Water is absorbed by airstream passing through media Air dry bulb temperature is lowered Enthalpy is unchanged Relative Humidity of airstream rises Leaving dry-bulb temperature is limited by the wet bulb temperature of the entering air

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12 Typical IDEC Air Handler

13 Typical IDEC System

14 IDEC AIR HANDLERS 3-stage cooling process. Indirect cooling coil with low approach cooling tower. Provides wet-bulb depression of SA from 62 F WB to 53 F WB. Combination of 3 F approach cooling tower selection and a 6 row pre-cooling coil provides a leaving DB air temperature of 6-7 F above outdoor wet bulb. Chilled water coil (only used on high wet-bulb days) y) Evaporative media (12 ) - 90% saturation efficiency.

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16 INDIRECT + DIRECT + REFRIGERATION

17 Health Issues for Evaporative Cooling Legionella Pneumophila is unable to enter the airstream without aerosolizing. Spray systems s (NOT recommended) e require e high-efficiency e cy mist eliminators and sump water treatment to minimize Legionella risk. Rigid Media systems cannot aerosolize Legionella bacteria The water is exposed to the air via the extended surface of the evaporative media Only pure The water is exposed to the air via the extended surface of the evaporative media. Only pure water is evaporated. Minerals and organisms remain in the re-circulating system and are removed by continuous bleed and draindown/flush cycle. Organisms can grow on the surface of the media and cause annoying odors if not properly flushed.

18 Controlling the potential growth of Legionella in cooling towers Temperature affects the survival of Legionellae as follows: 70 to 80 C (158 to 176 F): Disinfection range Above 50 C (122 F): Survive but do not multiply 35 to 46 C (95 to 115 F): Ideal growth range 20 to 50 C (68 to 122 F): Legionellae growth range Below 20 C (68 F): Legionellae can survive but are dormant (EVAPORATIVE COOLING RANGE)

19 LOWER CONNECTED LOAD SINCE MOST CHILLERS ARE SIZED AT ONLY 60% - 70% OF THE CALCULATED CU COOLING LOAD; THE MAXIMUM BUILDING DEMAND IS REDUCED EVEN AT FULL CHILLER LOAD. CHILLERS NEVER RUN EXCEPT DURING JUNE, JULY, AND AUGUST. CHILLERS NOT REQUIRED FOR 9-MONTH SCHOOLS

20 DESIGN GUIDELINES DISCHARGE AIR TEMPERATURE MUST ALWAYS BE < 55ºF TO MAINTAIN SPACE HUMIDITY < 50% RH REMEMBER THIS! THE AIR LEAVING A 12 DEEP RIGID MEDIA IS EXACTLY THE SAME HUMIDITY AS AIR LEAVING A WET CHILLED WATER COIL IF BOTH AIRSTREAMS ARE SAME TEMPERATURE!

21 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION ONLY A FEW CLIMATES HAVE WETBULB TEMPERATURES LOW ENOUGH TO PROVIDE 55º F DISCHARGE AIR DURING ALL HOURS USING ONLY THE EVAPORATIVE PROCESS. MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION IS NECESSARY TO SUPPLEMENT THE EVAP PROCESS DURING HOURS WITH HIGHER WETBULB TEMPERATURES HOURS/YEAR IN UTAH

22 CHILLER OPERATION MOST COST EFFECTIVE LARGE SYSTEM PIPES CHILLER CONDENSER IN SERIES WITH INDIRECT COOLING COILS LOW TEMPERATURE CONDENSER WATER REQUIRES SPECIAL ATTENTION TO HEAD PRESSURE CONTROL ON CHILLER REMOVING CONDENSER FROM CIRCUIT WHEN CHILLERIS NOT REQUIRED REDUCES PUMP ENERGY

23 INDIRECT STAGE FIRST STAGE SHOULD BE INDIRECT VS. DIRECT (WET-BULB DEPRESSION) EASIER TO CONTROL DISCHARGE AIR TEMPERATURE TO STEADY SETPOINT REDUCES WET-DRY CYCLING OF DIRECT EVAP MEDIA REDUCES ODORSO COMMON DURING FIRST FEW MINUTES OF WETTING MEDIA INCREASES LIFE SPAN OF MEDIA

24 INDIRECT STAGE (cont d) COOLING TOWER SIZED FOR <5ºF APPROACH AND 15ºF - 18ºF RANGE PIPING THE CONDENSER IN SERIES WITH THE INDIRECT COILS CAN REDUCE COST AND INCREASE PERFORMANCE WHEN RANGE IS LOWER VFD CONTROL OF FANS DESIRABLE AND COST EFFECTIVE

25 INDIRECT STAGE (cont d) FLOW RATE FOR COOLING TOWER DETERMINED BY REQUIRED FLOW FOR INDIRECT COILS HIGHER FLOW THAN CHILLER REQUIREMENTS USUALLY AN 8ºF DELTA T ON COIL WORKS WELL WITH 6R/10FPI COIL WITH 2.5ºF - 3.0ºF APPROACH ADDING A 10ºF - 12ºF DELTA T FOR CONDENSER YIELDS THE RECOMMENDED 18ºF - 20ºF RANGE FOR COOLING TOWER

26 REALITY Spaces always <50% RH if the DAT is maintained at 55 F or lower. Chillers are rarely needed when OSA temperature is above 92 F resulting in lower power demand and 80% reduction in annual energy use for refrigeration. Better IAQ during cooling hours

27 SCOWCROFT EXTERIOR

28 SCOWCROFT BUILDING RENOVATION OF A HISTORIC FOUR STORY BRICK AND WOOD WAREHOUSE BUILDING INTO OFFICES FOR THE IRS. UNDERFLOOR AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ALLOWS EACH OCCUPANT TO ADJUST TEMPERATURE IN THEIR OWN CUBICLE. 100% OUTSIDE AIR DURING ALL HOURS ABOVE 55 F AMBIENT, DISCHARGES INTO BREATHING ZONE.

29 SCOWCROFT ATRIUM

30 SCOWCROFT BUILDING BUILDING OPERATING SINCE 2004 AND CHILLER HAS RUN A TOTAL OF 2528 HOURS (632/yr) BUILDING ACHIEVED A LEED SILVER RATING FROM THE USGBC. BUILDING RECEIVED AN ENERGY STAR RATING IN 2008 WITH A SCORE OF 75. (88 BTU/SF-YR) UFAD SYSTEM ALLOWS THE BUILDING TO OPERATE WITH DISCHARGE AIR TEMPERATURES ABOVE 60 F WHEN OUTSIDE HUMIDITY IS LOW

31 SCOWCROFT BUILDING DIRECT EVAPORATIVE MEDIA IS ARRANGED WITH ONE 4 DEEP PAD AND ONE 8 DEEP PAD TO ALLOW LOWER SATURATION EFFICIENCY DURING HOURS WHEN OUTSIDE WET-BULB IS LOW AND DAT TEMPERATURE IS ABOVE 55 F WITHOUT RAISING INDOOR HUMIDITY TOO HIGH. AIRHANDLERS HAVE REHEAT COILS AVAILABLE TO CONTROL HUMIDITY ON HUMID DAYS.

32 SCOWCROFT BUILDING PER BUILDING ENGINEER, SYSTEM WORKS VERY WELL. COMFORT COMPLAINTS ARE MINOR EVEN THOUGH 95% OF OCCUPANTS ARE FEMALE WORKING FOR THE IRS IN SMALL CUBICLES. EVEN THOUGH BUILDING SYSTEMS OPERATE 132 HRS/WEEK, ENERGY USE IS 25.4 KWH/SF-YR. ANNUAL ELECTRICAL COST IS $1.30/SF ANNUAL GAS HEATING COST IS $0.15/SF WORK HOURS ARE 125 HRS/WEEK, 22 HRS/DAY, 6 DAYS/WEEK

33 SOME IDEC PRODUCTS THAT ARE PRE-MANUFACTURED VS. FIELD BUILT 1. SPEAKMAN 5 TON MODULES 2. COOLERADO 3-10 TON MODULES 3. MUNTERS CUSTOM ANY SIZE UP TO 75,000 CFM IN A SINGLE UNIT 4. UNITECH CUSTOM ANY SIZE

34 How it Works

35 Our IDEC Components

36 FEATURES & BENEFITS Nominal 5 tons of cooling with 1750 w peak power consumption Reduce Peak Demand 65% versus 13 SEER AC system Built in economizer function (Requires Outdoor Thermostat) Single point electric, water and drain connections 24-volt control panel works with any Thermostat with O terminal Water limit switches protection for pumps Removable panels for ease of servicing All stainless steel sump Automatic water quality purge system

37 FEATURES & BENEFITS 100% Fresh filtered air throughout your building No recirculation of stale air Better indoor air quality Less respiratory CO2 build-up Environmental Friendly No harmful gases are used in our IDEC process. Significantly less energy use versus traditional air conditioning. Humidifies Air - Health benefits- Good for Skin and Respiratory System

38 Advanced Evaporative Cooler Performance Comparison USA, UT Salt Lake City ASHRAE 1.0% Design Conditions Dry Bulb ( F) 94.8 Wet Bulb ( F) 62.6 Indoor Room Set ( F) 75 Elevation (Feet) 4226 Cooling Technology Adiabatic Effectiveness Supply Air F CFM BTU's Equivalent Tons of Cooling AIR2O IDEC CRS % 56 2,500 45, Breezair 86% 67 4,500 33, Coolerado C-60 90% 66 1,200 10,

39 HYBRID SYSTEMS ECONOMIZER, INDIRECT/DIRECT EC AND HEAT PUMP The most complete system for maximum comfort and maximum energy savings The system monitors outdoor conditions i and chooses the most economical cooling mode while maintaining indoor comfort Our energy savings increase as a building s fresh air requirement increases

40 HYBRID Components

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42 AVAILABLE SIZES BASED ON SUPPLY AIR FLOW IEC IDEC HYBRID Cubic Feet/Minute (CFM) Cubic Meter/Hour (M 3 H) X X X 2,500 4,250 X X 3,500 8,500

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44 Executive Summary

45 Save Green Our patented cooling technology provides: 50% to 90% more efficiency Only 100 watts of power per ton of cooling Rapid investment payback 45

46 How Efficient Are We? Western Cooling Challenge 12 HVAC manufactures entered Challenge Beat 2010 DOE standards Coolerado beat the aggressive mark by an additional 40% First Certified Winner 46

47 How Coolerado Efficiently Cools

48 Technology Demonstration HOW IT WORKS 1 100% FRESH AIR enters the system 2 The AIR IS FILTERED of dust/allergens 3 4 WORKING AIR REMOVES HEAT and is exhausted from the system 5 COOL PRODUCT AIR enters the building with no added humidity 48

49 Displacement Cooling How To Cool Efficiently Hot, dirty air, exhausted through the ceiling Fresh, cool air from Coolerado 49

50 Energy Efficiency Coolerado vs. Conventional AC EER 50 TEMPERATURE

51 Coolerado Notables and Awards FIRST CERTIFIED WINNER UC Davis Western Cooling Challenge 51

52 Coolerado Product Line-up M30 M50 C60 H80 Our solar compatible products provide between 3 to 8 tons and 1,500 3, SF of cooling 52

53 Pre-Cooling Applications Primary cooling as able (shoulder seasons or primary season in dry climate) Pre-cooler in humid climates No need to remove existing HVAC Substantial energy savings 53 Increase life of

54 National Snow and Ice Data Center Data center tracking climate data Maximum use of free cooling Aiming to be the most efficient data center in the world Solar panel powered National Geographic Study 54

55 Solar Applications Extremely low wattage (less power than a hair dryer) Solar powered capability Off-grid cooling 55

56 74F/44.4gr4 74F/125.2gr Polymer Tube HX Dry, Cool Supply Air (Air is Indirect Evaporative Cooled since no water is Added to supply air) Hot outside air 100F/44.4 gr 100F/44.4gr4gr Hot outside air (or building exhaust) Water in Stainless Steel Welded Sump Pump

57 5 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART Normal Temperature I-P Units 2178 FEET BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: in. HG ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR Las Vegas Summer Design Performance After 90% DEC F 50 90% 80% 55 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Exhaust Air 65 20% After IEC 10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY VOLUME- CU 25% 15% Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters/Des Champs 190 Products Tel: x4101 Fax: kdunnavant@des-champs.com Date: 9/23/ WET BULB TEMPERATURE - F 16.0 Supply and Exhaust Airflows are Equal U.FT. PER LB. DRY AIR 15.5 O/A 6% HUMIDITY RATIO - GRA AINS OF MOISTURE PER PO OUND OF DRY AIR F DB/65F WB % RELATIVE HUMIDITY New Wet bulb of 56.1F Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F 4% 2% DEW POINT TE EMPERATURE - F 30 VAPOR PRE ESSURE - INCHES OF MERC CURY

58 EPX Indirect Evaporative Cooler (IEC) Cooling Tower Analogy Heat Out Heat Out Air Tunnel Air In 80/58 75 F 85 F 100/65 Heat In Heat In 100/65 74/56 Air In Cooling Coil Cooling Tower to Cooling Coil IEC Heat Load enters water loop and is rejected at CT EPX Indirect Evaporative Cooler Heat Load enters water and air directly within CT

59 Air enters Air enters HX Tubes Polymer Tube HX Installed in Packaged AHU

60 Mist Eliminator Media installed above HX

61 Polymer Tube Heat Exchanger

62 Packaged units with Polymer tube HX s for Correctional Facility in Eastern Washington State

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66 McCarran Airport Las Vegas, NV

67 Mills College EPX Units Oakland, California i

68 Aceco Plant EPX Unit Boise, ID

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73 Sprayed Heat Pipe Indirect Cooler