Mark Modera (WCEC UC Davis) SWEEP Workshop Tempe AZ November 20, 2014

Transcription

1 Mark Modera (WCEC UC Davis) SWEEP Workshop Tempe AZ November 20, 2014

2 Presentation Outline - Limited Sample of Technologies Southwestern Cooling Technologies Western Cooling Challenge RTUs Evaporative Pre-Coolers for RTUs Sub-Wet-Bulb Fluid Coolers Climate-Adaptable Vapor Compression Technologies Building Envelope Technologies Automated Sealing of Building Envelopes Small Building Controls Technologies Smart Thermostats Open-Source Building Automation Systems

3 WCEC Partners

4 Funded by: Southern California Edison Pacific Gas and Electric

5 Encourages commercialization of western-climate-appropriate cooling technologies Minimum 40% efficiency improvement over federal standards at hot-dry operating conditions (Annual and Peak) Two currently certified technologies - Coolerado and Trane

6 Impetus RTUs are replaced every years Significant savings (20-50%) can be achieved more quickly by RTU retrofits Challenges Retrofits are discretionary purchases Higher sales, transaction and implementation costs Lack of standards for performance

7 RTU Retrofit Opportunities 1. Advanced Economizer Controls 2. Demand Control Ventilation 6. Evaporative Pre-coolers 3. Efficient Fan Motors 4. Variable Speed Drive for Fan and Controller 5. Fault detection and diagnostics 7. Variable Speed Drive for Compressor and Controller 8. Downsize Compressor

8 Direct Spray on Coil Spray on Media Spray Evaporation w/media Drip-down Evaporative Media w/sump 8

9 Method of Test for Determining Energy Performance and Water-Use Efficiency of Add-On Evaporative Pre-Coolers for Unitary Air Conditioning Equipment Allows comparison and certification of different products Evaporative effectiveness is key yardstick Can be used to estimate energy savings, capacity increase and peak demand reduction Also quantifies water consumption 9

10 WCEC Environmental Chamber Test Chamber Capabilities Heating (1 MBTU/h) Cooling (30 tons) Humidification (280 lb/hr) Drying (180 lb/hr) Equipment testing up to 5 tons with evaporative components

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12 Evaporative Effectiveness (%) 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Outdoor Air Temperature ( F)

13 4x DualCool retrofits big-box store 5x Trane Voyager DC 2 malls and a medium-sized restaurant 2x Coolerado H80 UC Davis & NAWS China Lake 1x Daikin McQuay Rebel motorcycle dealership 1x Seeley Climate Wizard family restaurant 1x Munters Oasis EPX community civic center 3x Climate Wizard & 3x Coolerado big-box store 2x Munters EPX 5000 (DOAS) two grocery stores 1x Coolerado & 1x Climate Wizard wireless cell sites 1x Evaporcool Retrofit data center

14 Dual Evaporative Pre-Cooler Pre-Cools Condenser Air and Ventilation Air Energy Savings for Ranging from 10-70% Depends on temperature Higher Savings under Hotter Conditions Depends upon Mode of Operation Number of Compressors Running Evaporation Water Use: ~3 gal/kwh Saved versus 1.34 gal/kwh CA Generation Average

15 Testing two designs US and Chinese Lab Tests: US product water temperatures consistently 5+ o F below wet-bulb Could change the game for applicability of evaporative cooling July Design-Day Dry Bulb ( F) July Coincident Wet Bulb ( F) July Coincident Dew Point ( F) Livermore, CA Sacramento, CA Riverside, CA Phoenix, AZ Denver, CO Reno, NV Salt Lake City, UT

16 Activities Testing Water Management Strategies Bleed rates Non-chemical treatment Impact of water composition Alternative Water Sources Grey water Rain water

17 Basic Concept Seal New-Construction Building Shells at Rough-In Seal Existing Construction at time of occupancy change, or from attic and/or crawlspace Reduce cost, get better tightness and get automated certification

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21 5000 Leakage Flowrate at 50 Pa [CFM] Elapsed Time [Minutes]

22 ACH Manual sealing accomplished by 3 contractors over 8 hours IECC 2012 IECC Pre Test 1 Post Test 1 Pre Test 2 Post Test 2 Goal (Passive House)

23 SMART Thermostats and Open- Source Building Automation Smart Thermostats Dormitory Housing variable savings consistent convenience K-12 Schools Success sabotaged by poor user communication and training Open-Source Building Automation No long term contract required Integrated flexible control of HVAC, Lighting, any internet connected load Facilitates Killer Apps for buildings

24 Building Gen Ctrl Appliances, Signage, Equipment, Personal Units, 10/30/14 UCB OpenBAS 24

25 10/30/14 UCB OpenBAS 25