AUTOMATIC WASTE SEGREGATOR PROJECT REFERENCE NO: 38S0128

Transcription

1 AUTOMATIC WASTE SEGREGATOR PROJECT REFERENCE NO: 38S0128 COLLEGE : M S RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BRANCH : ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING GUIDE : ASST. PROF. M K PUSHPA STUDENTS : MS. SUCHITRA V MR. SHARIQ MOHAMMED SHAIKH MS. STUTI JHA MS. SUCHITRA V Keywords: Waste segregation, Inductive Proximity Sensor, High speed blower, Conveyor belt Introduction: The rising population of India poses serious threats with regard to the availability of living space, utilization of natural resources and raw materials, education and employment. But another serious peril that follows is the escalating amount of waste generated each minute by an individual. Every city is grappling with the menace of ever increasing waste. An astounding 0.1 million tonnes of waste is generated each day in our country. Sadly, only 5% of this colossal amount of waste is recycled. In India, the collection, transportation and disposal of MSW are unscientific and chaotic. Uncontrolled dumping of waste on outskirts of towns and cities has created overflowing landfills which are not only impossible to reclaim because of the haphazard manner of dumping but also has serious environmental implications. When viewed on a larger scale, the poor recovery rate has impeded the growth of the country as well as the economy of the nation. One possible solution for this problem could be segregating the waste at the disposal level itself. We have thus come up with an Automatic waste segregator that categorizes the waste as wet, dry or metal. An 8051 microcontroller forms the heart of the system. Inductive proximity sensor is used to detect if the waste is a metal. Wet and dry waste can be distinguished based on their weight. A high speed blower system is used to blow dry waste off the belt while most of the wet waste remains. It then falls off as the belt rotates and is collected later. This cost effective system is particularly suitable for installation in apartments and colonies. It is now time to give back to Mother Nature. Therefore to set the ball rolling, we have proposed this project to give back to our nation, making our India a SwachhBharath. Ready to convert trash to cash? Objectives: A trend of significant increase in municipal solid waste generation has been recorded worldwide. This has been found due to over population growth rate, industrialization, urbanization and economic growth which have ultimately resulted in increased solid waste generation. Final

2 destination of solid waste in India is disposal. Most urban solid waste in Indian cities and towns is landfilled and dumped. Our Project deals with the most blistering topic i.e. waste segregation. An efficacious management needs to be materialized for better planet to live in. Hence, with our cost effective project proposal, we try to bring in the change.it deals with the minimization of blue-collar method utilization for exclusion of waste into an automated panache. An automation of this style not only saves the manual segregators of the numerous health issues, but also proves to be economical to the nation. Besides, this system utilizes low cost components for the successful segregation of most types of waste. When installed in apartments or small colonies, it proves to be beneficial in sorting the waste at the site of disposal itself. This is the objective of our project. Methodology: Given below is a view of the Automatic waste segregator model. Fig: Automatic Waste segregator

3 1. Open Close Mechanism: The open close mechanism acts as a regulator to control the waste that falls on the belt. A 12V DC geared motor receives inputs from microcontroller to monitor the clockwise and anti clockwise motion of the motor. This mechanism is initiated only if the IR sensor detects a waste in its vicinity. 2. Inductive Proximity Sensor: An inductive proximity sensor based on the eddy current principle suitable for detecting buried conductive targets has been used. Three 12V inductive proximity sensors are used to detect if the incoming waste is metallic or not. This is fed as input to the microcontroller. 3.Slider section: Fig The complete diagram of the Open-Close with the sensors As and when the inductive proximity sensors detect a metallic waste, a slider movement is initiated which sweeps the waste away after it falls on the belt. Permanent magnets within the metallic bin aid in sorting magnetic metals from non-magnetic ones.

4 Fig 1.15 Slider Section 4.Blower Section: Dry and wet separation is based on their weight. Due to its high density and weight, wet waste refuses to be blown off even in the presence of a high speed blower. This technique is made use of to distinguish wet and dry waste. A relay will control the on and off of a high speed AC blower. As blower blows, the belt halts and dry waste is thrown out into the dry bin via a collecting chamber. Wet waste stays on the belt. It then falls off due to gravity at the end of the belt as it rolls. Fig Blower section

5 BLOCK DIAGRAM: IR Sensor P P0.0 P0.1 12V DC Motor L293D Driver Circuit Open- Close Mechanism 1 P0.2 Inductive Proximity Sensor M I C R O C P0.3 Relay AC to DC Convertor Servomoto Conveyo r Belt O N P0.4 Relay Blower T R Inductive Proximity Sensor Inductive Proximity Sensor P1.0 P0.7 Results and Conclusion: O L L E R P0.5 P0.6 12V DC Motor L293D Driver Circuit Slider 1.Metallic Waste The three inductive proximity sensors will detect if the waste is metallic or not. Most of the Fig 1.11 General Block Diagram of the system household metallic waste is detected by the sensors. The results are tabulated as follows.

6 Sl.No Types of Metallic Discarded Waste 1. Safety pins Yes Not discarded 2. Paper clips Yes Sl.No Types of Dry Waste Discarded Not discarded 3. Printed Coke cans Yes 4. Batteries Yes 5. Nails Yes 6. Tinned food cans Yes Table 4.1 Result of Metallic waste separation Sl.No Types of True True False False Metallic Waste Acceptance rejection Acceptance Rejection 1. Safety pins 90% 10% 2. Paper clips 90% 10% 3. Printed Coke 100% cans 4. Batteries 100% 5. Nails 95% 5% 6. Tinned food cans 95% 5% Table 4.2 Table of acceptance and rejection of metallic waste 2.Dry Waste The blower will blow all the dry waste that is discarded. As it is blown off, a simple collecting chamber is built just opposite the blower. The waste hits the chamber and falls down into the dry waste bin.

7 1. Papers Yes 2. Tissue rolls Yes 3. Bottles Yes 4. Heavy cartons No 5. Milk covers Yes 6. Tetra packs Yes 7. Dried leaves Yes 8. Stationeries Yes 9. Textiles Yes Table 4.3 Result of Dry waste separation Sl.no Blower True Acceptance True Rejection False Acceptance False Rejection Section 1 Paper 90% 10% 2 Plastic 95% 5% 3 Peels of veggies 4 Wet Waste 100% 100% 5 Dry Garden 100% Waste 6 Carton boxes 15% 85% 7 Broken glass pieces Table 4.4 Table of acceptance and rejection of dry waste 100% As seen from the table, small and light weight vegetable peels may be falsely accepted. However this will not deter the processing of dry waste in any manner. Also, huge shards of glass pieces may be falsely rejected. Overall, the system can efficiently sort dry waste. 3.Wet Waste

8 Wet waste is successfully segregated from the other types of waste in this system. They do not get blown off by the blower. Hence as the belt continues to rotate forward, the waste fall at the end into the wet waste bin. Sl.No Types of Wet Waste Discarded Not discarded 1. Kitchen Waste Yes for Science and Technology 2. Rotten fruits and Yes vegetables 3. Garden Waste Yes 4. Leftover food Yes 5. Peels of fruits and Yes vegetables 6. Tea bags Yes Table 4.5 Result of Wet waste separation Sl.no Blower Section True Acceptance True Rejection False Acceptance False Rejection 1 Kitchen Waste 100% 2 Rotten fruits and veggies 100% 3 Peels of veggies 100% 4 Dry Waste 100% 5 Wet Garden 100% Waste 6 Tea bags 95% 5% Scope for future work: Table 4.6 Table of acceptance and rejection of wet waste An efficient waste management system is the need of the hour. This automatic waste segregator is one small step towards building an efficacious and economic waste collection system with minimum amount of human intervention. However as is the case with many automated system, this system also has a few limitations.

9 LIMITATIONS: Segregation of the waste consumes time. Size of the waste must be less than or equal to the dimension of the funnel mouth size i.e. 20cm X 20cm The magnetic metals attached to the permanent magnets must be scraped out manually from the metallic bin. FUTURE SCOPE: Inlet section can be incorporated with a crusher mechanism to reduce the size of the incoming waste. Inlet section can also be integrated with a blower mechanism to dehumidify the waste input in the system. Provisions can be made for on spot decomposition of wet waste. GSM contraption to intimate to the nearest industry to use the metals collected. Plastics can be segregated from the collected dry waste and also be processed based on their types, grades and colors. Thus further separation of dry waste can also be done.