What Works Lessons in German American Collaboration

Transcription

1 What Works Lessons in German American Collaboration University of Illinois Chicago German American Chamber of Commerce of the Midwest David White, Transsolar September 4, 2008 Slide 1

2 HPB Magazine Summer 2008, NYC s Living Lesson Solaire energy use Slide 2

3 Home Energy Sept-Oct 2005, Third Street Actual gas comsumption available at and 228 E 3 rd Street energy use Slide 3

4 Energy Consumption for Heating and Domestic Hot Water 350 and Construction Cost Consumption ( kbtu/sfyr) New York Average* Solaire** 36 New England Average*** DHW Heating Cost East 3rd Passivhaus Solaire 228 East 3rd Cost ($/s sf) *From "Fuel Use in Multifamily Buildings;" HE Nov/Dec 1999, p 30. **Design prediction multiplied by ratio of actual to predicted gas consumption, Gas consumption includes absorption chiller, so ratio for actual to predicted consumption for heating and DHW alone will be somewhat different. This is the best available data on the building's performance. ***From EIA CBECS data set Comparison of energy use and cost Slide 4

5 Thermal bridging Slide 5

6 Thermal bridgingn Slide 6

7 Thermal Bridging Slide 7

8 Standard PV in New York climate: 1200 kwh/yr per kw 1200 * 11 = 13,200 kwh 6,000/13,200, = 45% of standard Cost of PV = ~$8,000/kW Savings of CFL = ~80 kwh/yr Cost of CFL = ~$10.00 Cost of electricity = $0.20/kWh typical PV return = 3.0%/year this system return = 1.3%/year CFL return = 160%/year High technology systems Slide 8

9 Passivhaus (Passive House): A house that can meet all heating needs using its fresh air supply for delivery (equivalent heating power of a hair drier). superinsulated envelope with no thermal bridges extreme air tightness high efficiency heat recovery ventilation Passivhaus (Passive House) working definition Slide 9

10 Passive House insulation Slide 10

11 Passive House thermal bridge-free construction Slide 11

12 Passive House airtightness Slide 12

13 Heat recovery ventilator Slide 13

14 Passive House compact mechanical system Slide 14

15 Slide 15

16 Passive House Planning Package Passive House quality control Slide 16

17 Brief: Complete gut and renovation Tight temperature and humidity control requirements for artwork Wealthy client who wants to try something innovative Strategy: Highly insulated envelope Air tightening External solar shading Energy recovery ventilation Low-energy lighting and appliances Geothermal source radiant heating/ direct cooling with dehumidification decoupled from cooling Solar domestic hot water, gas backup Renovation, 31 Perry St, NYC Slide 17

18 31 Perry 4 th floor plan Slide 18

19 31 Perry section with air volume compartmentalization Slide 19

20 wall 31 Perry wall/window detail Slide 20

21 31 Perry wall detail at floor Slide 21

22 31 Perry energy recovery ventilator Slide 22

23 31 Perry windows Slide 23

24 31 Perry external solar shading Slide 24

25 Enthalpy recovery ventilator (1) Room return air Dehumidifier and Humidifier (2) Supply air with correct humidity Radiant heating and cooling (3) Air drifts from adjacent floor 31 Perry temperature and humidity control Slide 25

26 Manufacturer modified for water-cooled condenser 31 Perry dehumidifier Slide 26

27 heating/cooling/de/humidification system 31 Perry energy supply systems Slide 27

28 31 Perry geothermal heating and cooling system Slide 28

29 Resources com (enclosure design) (lowest heating energy standard in the world, mainly residential) Solarbau Monitor project (world lowest energy standard for office buildings) CIBSE Guide to Natural Ventilation in Non- Domestic Buildings Fuller Moore, Concepts and Practice of Architectural Daylighting Sun Angle Calculator (tool for analyzing sun s relationship to building) G.Z. Brown; Sun Wind and Light (general guidebook on passive design) (least biased reporting on current green building issues) Thank you for your kind attention Slide 29

30 To practice sustainable design, you need fast, simple, reliable tools to understand the energy flows through buildings. As a start it is helpful to learn the following: Peak heating and cooling load calculations Solar geometry Basics of natural lighting Basics of thermal mass Basics of natural ventilation Basic Skills for Sustainable Design Slide 30

31 Park Avenue Armory, New York Slide 31

32 Peak Cooling Loads Company Room D Outdoor Air People Latent 120 Lights/Equipment Wall Cond Glass Cond Glass Solar Total Lo oad (MBH) Current Room Load Reduced d Room Load Remaining Load 40 MBH Precooled Fresh Air Existing Proposed Slide 32

33 Source: ASHRAE Standard Current Peak Temperature: 74 F Typical German Peak Temperature: 79 F Recommended Peak Temperature: 77 F Raising from 74 to 77 increases cooling power by 10%, saves energy without sacrificing comfort Room Temperature Setpoints Slide 33

34 glass replaced with IGU space cooling & dehumidification by fan coils hidden in cabinets space heating via convectors air handler to condition fresh air exhaust via chimney fresh air via window sill or brick openings (requires exterior wall) Company Rooms D&K Climate Concept (Option 1) Slide 34

35 outdoor air intake exhaust ERV (optional) Conditioned fresh air ducted into space (advantage for humidification) ~0.7 sqft opening, various outlet options glass replaced with IGU space cooling & dehumidification by fan coils hidden in cabinets space heating via convectors exhaust via chimney Company Rooms D&K Climate Concept (Option 2) Slide 35

36 Outdoor Air Unit Slide 36

37 Slide 37

38 Fan Coil Unit Slide 38

39 peak OA = 412 cfm 1 brick x 1.5 bricks = 8 x12 =067sf 0.67 duct velocity = 620 fpm Fireplace Chimney Exhaust Slide 39

40 Allows ~ 9 W/sf lighting + 74 F Equipment Layout for Maximum Cooling, Company K Slide 40

41 Diagram vs Reality Slide 41

42 TRANSPARENT ELEMENTS - Glass - with low-e and gas filling THE REPLACEMENT OF AIR IN THE CAVITY THROUGH AN INERT GAS SUCH AS ARGON, KRYPTON OR XENON WILL FURTHER REDUCE LOSSES BY REDUCING THE CONVECTION AND CONDUCTION THROUGH THE CAVITY. R-4 U-Value = W/m 2 K Slide 42

43 R-20 Comparison of Glazing and Opaque Wall Insulation Performance Slide 43