Characteristic Ohio Plant Species for Wetland Restoration Projects v. 1.0

Transcription

1 State of Ohio Wetland Ecology Group Environmental Protection Agency Division of Surface Water Characteristic Ohio Plant Species for Wetland Restoration Projects v. 1.0 Ohio EPA Technical Report WET/ Ted Strickland, Governor State of Ohio Chris Korleski, Director Environmental Protection Agency P.O. Box 1049, Lazarus Government Center, 50 W. Town Street, Columbus, Ohio

2 Appropriate Citation: Mack, John J Characteristic Ohio Plant Species for Wetland Restoration Projects v Ohio EPA Technical Report WET/ Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Wetland Ecology Group, Division of Surface Water, Columbus, Ohio. This entire document can be downloaded from the website of the Ohio EPA, Division of Surface Water: ii

3 BACKGROUND The lists provided here were derived from wetland plant species INTEGRATED WETLAND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Part 2: An Ordination and Classification of wetlands in the Till and Lake Plains and Allegheny Plateau regions (Mack 2004). In this classification, wetland class is based on dominant landscape position dominant plant community. There are seven landscape positions identified: depression, impoundment, riverine, slope, fringing, Lake Erie coastal, and bog which correspond generally to the hydrogeomorphic classification system outlined by Brinson (1993). There are three main plant community divisions: forest, emergent, and shrub. Each of these types has several subtypes: forest (swamp forests, bog forests, forest seeps); emergent (marsh, fen, other sedge-grass communities, sphagnum bog); and shrub (buttonbush swamp, alder swamp, mixed shrub swamp, bog and fen shrub swamps. In the appendices of Mack (2004), are species lists with average abundance values based on data from that community type in Ohio EPA's reference wetland data set. These species lists were primary source for the list of characteristic species provided here. Other community descriptions can be found in Tables 45 to 57 of Mack (2001). Nomenclature fols Andreas et al. (2004). It is important to understand that the lists provided here should be considered "average values" for Ohio wetlands and the use of these lists is not a substitute for knowledge of local, county, and regional presence and abundance of a particular plant species. Care should be taken to not introduce species new to the flora for that locale. At a minimum, the user of this list should consult the county distribution maps in the foling texts: The Monocotyledonae: Cattails to Orchids (Braun 1967) The Dicotyledonae of Ohio Part 1: Acanthaceae through Zygophyllaceae (Fur, unpublished) The Dicotyledonae of Ohio Part 2: Linaceae through Campanulaceae (Cooperrider 1995) The Dicotyledonae of Ohio Part 3: Asteraceae (Fisher 1988) Species with natural distributions to just part of Ohio should not be included in planting plans for locales where they are not or would not be expected to be found growing naturally. For example, speckled alder (Alnus incana) is largely confined to the glaciated Allegheny Plateau of northeast Ohio (Fur unpublished). It should be excluded from planting plans for other ecoregions (with a couple of exceptions). Smooth alder (Alnus serrulata) is distributed across the eastern half of the state in the glaciated and unglaciated Allegheny Plateau (Fur unpublished); it should be excluded from planting plans for the till and lake plains of western Ohio (again with a couple of exceptions). Conversely, some species have simply not been collected and specimens deposited in an herbarium but likely are found in the county of interest. For example, Braun (1967) does not report Carex tribuloides from Delaware County but given its statewide distribution and the fact it is found in counties around Delaware County, it would be expected to be found there. Other species may be common to a particular type of wetland but not in others. American water lotus (Nelumbo lutea) is a common aquatic species in Lake Erie coastal marshes but would be very unusual in any type of inland marsh. Planting plans developed by persons unfamiliar with the flora of Ohio should be 1

4 reviewed by an experienced botanist. Atypical assemblages are strongly discouraged. Use of seeds and plant material from local genotypes is always recommended and preferred and in some instances required, e.g. for planting of rare or listed plant species, restoring certain wetland communities, e.g. Oak Opening sand prairies. HOW TO USE THIS LIST This list separates Ohio wetland plant communities into five main groups written in bold-face ALL-CAPS: SHRUB COMMUNITIES, WETLAND FORESTS, MARSHES, WET MEADOW, and BOG. Just after the main group name is a qualifier description in small-caps, underlined, boldface, e.g. MARSHES, deepwater assemblages. The community qualifier refers to a vertical strata, e.g. WETLAND FORESTS, tree species, or community variant, e.g. WET MEADOW, Oak Openings Prairies. The herb layer is often separated into graminoids (sedges, grasses), ferns and forbs. Next to each species name is a description of its abundance in that community type (Note: additional information regarding the typical abundance of that species, limitations on its geographic extent, etc is provided in the description "habitat comments" column). Abundance can be, ium, or high or a range, e.g. to ium, ium to high. Even plants with "" abundances are frequently part of the flora of that community type. Abundance values can be equated to which species are community dominants, subdominants, and present but never dominant (Table 1). The abundance descriptions were intended to be used as guidelines for what would be typically observed in a natural wetland of that type in order to aid in wetland restoration projects, specifically in developing planting plans and seed mixes for wetland restorations. Ecoregions used in the Appendix fol Woods et al. (1998): EOLP = Erie-Ontario Drift and Lake Plains of northeast Ohio, ECBP = Eastern Corn Belt Plains of western and central Ohio, WAP = Western Allegheny Plateau of southeast Ohio, HELP = Huron-Erie Lake Plains of northwest Ohio. Table 1. Abundance descriptions. abundance ium high description Not a dominant or subdominant member of the community. Occasionally to frequently encountered but usually as scattered individuals or clumps Moderately abundant to approaching a subdominant part of the community. May form stands within the community in areas that are drier or wetter, brighter or shadier, etc. than the rest of the community A dominant or subdominant part of the community, often the distinguishing species used to describe the community, e.g. a "buttonbush" swamp, a "twigrush" meadow. Depending on how the community is stratified vertically or horizontally, there may be multiple dominant species. 2

5 LITERATURE CITED Andreas, B. K. and J. J. Mack, J. S. McCormac Floristic Quality Assessment Index for Vascular Plants and Mosses for the State of Ohio. Wetland Ecology Group, Division of Surface Water, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Columbus, Ohio. 217 p. Braun, E. L The Monocotyledonae: Cattails to Orchids. The Ohio State University Press, Columbus, Ohio. Brinson, M. M A hydrogeomorphic classification for wetlands. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station. Wetlands Research Program Technical Report WRP-DE-4. Vicksburg, MS. Group, Division of Surface Water, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Columbus,Ohio. Mack, J. J Integrated Wetland Assessment Program. Part 2: an ordination and classification of wetlands in the Till and Lake Plains and Allegheny Plateau regions. Ohio EPA Technical Report WET/ Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Wetland Ecology Group, Division of Surface Water, Columbus, Ohio. Woods, A. J., J. M. Omernik, C. S. Brockman, T.D. Gerber, W.D. Hosteter, and S. H. Azevedo Ecoregions of Indiana and Ohio (Map) and Supplementary text. Cooperrider, T. S The Dicotyledonae of Ohio Part 2: Linaceae through Campanulaceae. The Ohio State University Press, Columbus, Ohio. Fisher, T. R The Dicotyledonae of Ohio Part 3: Asteraceae. The Ohio State University Press, Columbus, Ohio. Fur, J. Unpublished dot maps for The Dicotyledonae of Ohio Part 1: Acanthaceae through Zygophyllaceae. Available as portable data file (PDF) at decologysection_reports.html Mack, J. J Vegetation Indices of Biotic Integrity (VIBI) for Wetlands: ecoregional, hydrogeomorphic, and plant community comparison with preliminary wetland aquatic life use designations. Final Report to U.S. EPA Grant No. CD985875, Volume 1. Wetland Ecology 3

6 LISTS OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES FOR OHIO WETLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES 4

7 SHRUB COMMUNITIES, full sun Shrub species buttonbush swamp Alnus serrulata to high edges of marshes, hummocks, sometimes pure stands alder swamp Alnus incana to high EOLP ONLY, edges of marshes, hummocks, sometimes pure stands mixed shrub swamp Cephalanthus occidentalis to high deeper water, seasonal to permanent hydroperiod Cornus amomum to edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods John J. Mack: Note: It is very important to consult county distribution maps for the Ohio flora before finalizing a planting plan using this list. Cornus sericea to edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods Ilex verticillata to high edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods Rosa palustris edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods Salix discolor to edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods Salix exigua edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods Salix eriocephala edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods Salix sericea to edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods Viburnum recognitum to edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods SHRUB COMMUNITIES, herb layer Sedges buttonbush swamp Carex bromoides to high pool edges or extensive stands in wet woods and forest seeps alder swamp Carex crinita to scattered clumps on saturated soils mixed shrub swamp Carex crus-corvi to scattered clumps on saturated soils Carex intumescens to scattered clumps on saturated soils John J. Mack: Carex lupulina to high scattered clumps on saturated soils Depending on light regime, Carex seorsa to EOLP ONLY, pool edges or extensive stands in wet woods and forest seeps water depth, and openness Carex typhina to scattered clumps on saturated soils of shrub canopy, additional Carex atlantica scattered clumps on saturated soils marsh or forest species can Carex stipata scattered clumps on saturated soils be introduced in more Carex tribuloides scattered stems on saturated soils open zones of the shrub Grasses swamp or under a drip line Cinna arundinacea to scattered stems on saturated soils of trees at the edge of the Glyceria striata to saturated soils to deeper water shrub swamp. Glyceria septentrionalis to grows in seasonal to permanent pools Glyceria acutiflora saturated soils, LISTED, local genotype only Forbs Bidens discoidea to grows on tussocks, hummocks, buttonbush stems Bidens spp. to connata, frondosa Boehmerica cylindrica common forest forb Caltha palustris to high esp. on saturated soils, muck soils, and with groundwater Decodon verticillatus to deeper water, forms tussocks and stands Galium spp. asprellum, tinctorium, triflorum Impatiens capensis to saturated soil, I. pallida grows in mesic floodplains Iris versicolor saturated soil to shal inundation Lyocopus rubellus but regularly encountered Lysimachia terrestris to saturated soils Lysimachia thyrsiflora saturated soils last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A1 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls

8 Polygonum hydropiperiodes in deeper water Proserpinaca palustris in deeper water Ranunculus flabellaris to high in deeper water Ranunculus hispidus pool margins Riccia fluitans aquatic liverwort Ricciocarpos natans aquatic liverwort Rumex verticillatus saturated soil to shal inundation Scutellaria lateriflora saturated soil Veronica scutellata saturated soil Ferns Dryopteris carthusiana on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges Dryopteris clintoniana on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges Dryopteris cristata on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges Osmunda cinnamomea to grows in tussocks Osmund regalis to can form large stands often under Pin Oaks Onoclea sensibilis can sometimes for clumps or stands Tree species Refer to wetland forest trees for restoration of shrub swamp pool margins WETLAND FORESTS, shrub species Alnus incana EOLP ONLY, successional community to forest, will hold out in shade understory of wetland forests Alnus serrulata successional community to forest, will hold out in shade shady margins of shrub swamps Aronia melanocarpa to successional community to forest, will hold out in shade wetland forest enhancements Carpinus caroliniana pool edges, hummocks Cephalanthus occidentalis successional community to forest, will hold out in shade Ilex verticillata to high wet woods, pool edges, hummocks Lindera benzoin to high wet woods, pool edges, hummocks Ribes americanum, R. hirtellum wet woods, pool edges, hummocks Rubus hispidus woody ground cover Vaccinium corymbosum to wet woods, pool edges, hummocks Viburnum recognitum successional community to forest, will hold out in shade WETLAND FORESTS, tree species Conservative tree species wet woods Betula nigra to high WAP REGION ONLY margins of shrub swamps Carya laciniosa occasional on saturated soils vernal pools Fraxinus nigra to frequent but usually not dominant margins of vernal pools Fraxinus profunda to high sometimes dominant with oak and maple Nyssa sylvatica to EOLP in snowbelt Populus heterophylla esp. edges of buttonbush swamps Quercus bicolor to high often with ash, maple as dominants Quercus palustris to high sometimes forms pin oak flats Common tree species Acer rubrum common but avoid planting Acer saccharinum to high subdom. w/ oaks or dom. or co-dom. with ash last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A2 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls

9 Fraxinus pensylvanica to high subdom. w/ oaks or dom. or co-dom. with maple Ulmus rubra, americana subdominant in all forests Associated mesic tree species on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges Betula allegheniensis EOLP in snowbelt Carya cordiformis on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges Carya ovata on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges Fagus grandifolia on hummocks, pool margins Liriodendron tulipifera to on hummocks, pool margins Populus deltoides sometimes dominant on floodplains Quercus rubra on hummocks, pool margins Acer saccharum on hummocks, pool margins WETLAND FORESTS, herb layer John J. Mack: Planting plans can include mesic spring ephemerals and other mesic forest herbs on drier microhabitat features like pool edges and hummocks, etc. Sedges Carex bromoides to high pool edges or extensive stands in wet woods and forest seeps Carex crinita to scattered clumps on saturated soils Carex crus-corvi to scattered clumps on saturated soils Carex gracillima wetland edges or microhabitats Carex grayi to high large stands esp. on floodplains Carex hyalinolepis to high ECBP, HELP ONLY. Can form large stands Carex intumescens to scattered clumps on saturated soils Carex lacustris to high Can form large stands esp. under Pin Oaks in NW Ohio Carex lupuliformis scattered clumps on saturated soils, LISTED, local genotype only Carex lupulina to high scattered clumps on saturated soils Carex muskingumensis to ECBP, HELP only, often on floodplains Carex prasina scattered clumps on saturated soils Carex seorsa to EOLP ONLY, pool edges or extensive stands in wet woods and forest seeps Carex squarrosa to scattered clumps on saturated soils Carex tuckermanii scattered clumps on saturated soils Carex typhina to scattered clumps on saturated soils Grasses Cinna arundinacea to saturated soils Glyceria striata to saturated soils to deeper water Glyceria septentrionalis to grows in seasonal to permanent pools Leersia virginica saturated soils Forbs Actaea alba mesic forest herb on microhabitats Agrimonia parviflora common forest herb Arisaema triphyllum var. triphyllum on microhabitats, var. stewardsonii saturated soils Boehmerica cylindrica common forest herb Caltha palustris to high esp. on saturated soils, muck soils, and with groundwater Circaea lutetiana mesic forest herb on microhabitats Hydrocotyle americana seeps, and clear pools last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A3 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls

10 Impatiens capensis to saturated soils, I. pallida grows on mesic floodplains Iris versicolor saturated soils to deeper water Lobelia cardinalis esp. on floodplains in part shade Lysimachia ciliata to common forest herb Maianthemum canadense mesic forest herb on microhabitats Maianthemum racemosum mesic forest herb on microhabitats Maianthemum stellatum usually but can form stands, saturated edges Polygonum virginianum mesic forest to saturated soils Senecio aureus to pool edges or extensive stands in forest seeps Symplocarpus foetidus to high pool edges or extensive stands in forest seeps Viola cucullata to saturated to seepy ground Ferns Dryopteris carthusiana on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges Dryopteris clintoniana on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges Dryopteris cristata on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges Osmunda cinnamomea to grows in tussocks Osmund regalis to can form large stands esp. under Pin Oaks MARSHES, deepwater assemblage Full sun species marshes Brasenia schreberi to floating, regular to permanent hydroperiods openings in shrub swamps Ceratophyllum demersum to high submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods John J. Mack: These deepwater marsh species can form layered "stands" so that there are multiple dominants ranging from partially emersed, floating, and multiple submersed species. Ceratophyllum echinatum to high submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods Elodea canadensis to submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods Elodea nuttallii to submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods Glyceria septentrionalis to grows well in shade of seasonal pools Lemna trisulca to submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods Nymphaea odorata to high floating, regular to permanent hydroperiods Nuphar advena to high floating to emersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods Peltandra virginica to high floating to emersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods Pontederia cordata to high floating to emersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods Potamogeton spp. to high floating, regular to permanent hydroperiods Proserpinaca palustris to submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods Ranunculus flabellaris to high submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods Ranunculus longirostris to high submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods Spirodela polyrhiza to high regular to permanent hydroperiods Utricularia vulgaris to high submersed, survives drawdowns as turion, generally regular to permanent Utricularia gibba to grows on saturated muck or in water column Utricularia spp. submersed, other Utricularia spp. regular to permanent hydroperiods Zizania aquatica to high LISTED, LOCAL GENOTYPE ONLY, regular to permanent hydroperiods MARSHES, emergent assemblage Graminoids mixed emergent marshes Bolboschoenus fluviatilis to high can form extensive stands last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A4 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls

11 Carex comosa to high saturated soils to shal inundation Carex cristatella saturated soils to shal inundation Carex lacustris to high can form extensive stands with Typha latifolia and Polygonum amphibium Carex lurida saturated soils to shal inundation Carex scoparia saturated soils to shal inundation Carex tribuloides saturated soils to shal inundation Carex vesicaria to saturated soils to shal inundation Carex vulpinoidea saturated soils to shal inundation Eleocharis spp. to E. palustris, smallii, eryothropoda, can form stands Juncus spp. e.g. J. torreyi, nodosus Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani saturated soils to shal inundation Scirpus atrovirens saturated soils to shal inundation Scirpus cyperinus to tussocky, saturated soils to shal inundation Sparganium americanum to high EOLP, WAP ONLY can form extensive stands Sparganium eurycarpum to high can form extensive stands Typha latifolia to can form extensive stands Forbs Acorus americanus to can form stands esp. in floodplain marshes Asclepias incarnata saturated soils to shal inundation Bidens spp. to B. cernua, connata, frondosa, discoidea, cornota Cicuta spp. C. maculuta, bulbifera Decodon verticillatus to high regular to permanent inundation, forms tussocky stands Epilobium spp. saturated soils to shal inundation Eupatorium perforliatum saturated soils to shal inundation Galium tinctorium saturated soils to shal inundation Hibiscus spp. to H. laevis, moscheutos, saturated soils to shal inundation Iris spp. to I. versicolor, virginica Lycopus spp. L. americanus, rubellus, virginica Mimulus spp. M. ringens, alatus P. arifolium to saturated soils to shal inundation P. hydropiperiodes to high deeper, more permanent inundation P. punctatum to high deeper, more permanent inundation P. sagittatum saturated soils to shal inundation Penthorum sedoides annual, saturated soils Polygonum amphibium to high floating leaved form, also saturated soils to shal inundation Rumex verticillatus saturated soils to shal inundation Sagittaria spp. to S. latifolia, brevirostra, australis, cuneata, montevidensis Scutellaria spp. S. galericulata, lateriflora Sium suave to saturated soils to shal inundation Utricularia spp. to U. vulgaris, gibba Verbena hastata saturated soils to shal inundation Shrubby margins Refer to full sun SHRUB assemblage, shal edges of marsh last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A5 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls

12 WET MEADOW, deep soil prairie Graminoids prairie (southern) sedge meadow Calamagrostis canadensis to high becomes dominant on saturated to shal seasonal inundation bluejoint sloughs Carex atherodes to high becomes dominant on deeper seasonal inundation prairie cordgrass sloughs Carex lacustris to becomes dominant on deeper seasonal inundation Carex pellita to subdominant in sedge meadow, sloughs John J. Mack: Carex sartwellii subdominant in sedge meadow, sloughs Increase Carices where Carex stricta to codominant with C. atherodes, C. lacustris water is deeper, increase Eleocharis elliptica to subdominant in sedge meadow, sloughs grasses as hydroperiod Muhlenbergia mexicana to often codominant w/ Calamogrostis shifts from seasonal Spartina pectinata to high forms stands or is subdominant with other graminoids inundation to seasonal Forbs saturation. Mesic prairie Aster praealtus saturated soils to shal inundation grasses and forbs can be Aster racemosus saturated soils to shal inundation added as hydroperiod Euthamia graminifolia saturated soils to shal inundation decreases. Use emergent Galium obtusum saturated soils to shal inundation or deepwater marsh Gentiana andrewsii saturated soils to shal inundation assemblages for embedded Helenium autumnale saturated soils to shal inundation pothole marshes; full sun Helianthus grosseseratus saturated soils to shal inundation shrubs can be added as Iris versicolor saturated soils to shal inundation individuals or scattered Lathyrus palustris saturated soils to shal inundation stands. Lycopus americanus saturated soils to shal inundation Lythrum alatum saturated soils to shal inundation Pycnanthemum virginianum saturated soils to shal inundation Silphium trifoliatum saturated soils to shal inundation Solidago riddellii saturated soils to shal inundation Stellaria longifolia saturated soils to shal inundation Tradescantia ohiensis saturated soils to shal inundation Verbena hastata saturated soils to shal inundation Wet meadow, Oak Openings Prairies Graminoids Calamagrostis canadensis to high John J. Mack: Calamagrostis stricta high KEY SPP.., usually codominant with Carices and Euthamia remota When restoring Oak Carex alata Openings sand prairies only Carex atherodes to local genotype seeds or Carex buxbaumii plants should be used. Carex cryptolepis KEY SPP. Carex granularis Carex lasiocarpa high KEY SPP., dominant Carex with Euthamica remota and Calamogrostis Carex pellita to Carex sartwellii Cicuta maculata Cirsium muticum last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A6 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls

13 Cladium mariscoides high KEY SPP., where Cladium cover high, Carex cover is reduced, and vice versa Eleocharis elliptica Juncus acuminatus Juncus brachycarpus Juncus canadensis Juncus dudleyi Juncus marginatus Juncus torreyi Panicum implicatum Panicum rigidulum Panicum virgatum Schoenoplectus acutus Scirpus pendulus Forbs Asclepias incarnata Aster lanceolatus Aster novae-angliae Aster praealtus Equisetum laevigatum Eupatorium maculatum Eupatorium perfoliatum Euthamia remota high KEY SPP., with C. lasiocarpa, Calamogrostis Galium tinctorium Iris virginica var. shrevei to Lathyrus palustris Liatris spicata Linum ium Lobelia kalmii Lobelia spicata Lycopus americanus Lycopus uniflorus to Lythrum alatum to Osmunda regalis to Oxypolis rigidior Pycnanthemum virginianum Solidago riddellii Solidago rugosa Thelypteris palustris Triadenum virginicum Vernonia missourica Veronica scutellata Shrubs last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A7 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls

14 Rosa setigera Salix bebbiana to Salix discolor Salix humilis Salix petiolaris to Wet meadow - Fens Bromus ciliatus Calamagrostis canadensis Calamagrostis stricta Carex aquatilis can form extensive stands Carex buxbaumii Carex flava Carex granularis Carex hystericina Carex interior to high often sub to co-dominant Carex lasiocarpa to high often sub to co-dominant Carex leptalea Carex pellita Carex prairea calciphile obligate Carex sterilis calciphile obligate Carex stricta to high often forms extensive stands Carex suberecta Carex tenera var. echinodes Carex tetanica Carex trichocarpa to high often forms extensive stands Cladium mariscoides to Deschampsia cespitosa calciphile obligate, marl meadows Eleocharis elliptica Eleocharis rostellata to high calciphile obligate Juncus arcticus Juncus brachycephalus calciphile obligate Juncus dudleyi Rhynchospora capillacea calciphile obligate Schoenoplectus acutus to high Schoenoplectus pungens Scleria verticillata Forbs and Ferns Angelica atropurpurea Apios americana Asclepias incarnata Aster puniceus Bryophytes last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A8 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls

15 Cacalia suaveolens calciphile obligate Caltha palustris Campanula aparinoides Cicuta maculata, C. bulbifera Cirsium muticum Clematis virginiana Drosera rotundifolia Eupatorium maculatum Filipendula rubra to calciphile obligate Galium boreale, G. asprellum Helianthus giganteus Lathyrus palustris Liatris spicata Lobelia kalmii calciphile obligate Lycopus americanus, L. rubellus Lysimachia quadriflora Lythrum alatum Maianthemum stellatum Melanthium virginicum to calciphile obligate Monarda fistulosa Osmunda regalis to Oxypolis rigidior Parnassia glauca calciphile obligate Phlox maculata Pycnanthemum virginianum to Rubus hispidus Rumex orbiculatus Sanguisorba canadensis to calciphile obligate Senecio aureus Silphium trifoliatum to Solidago ohioensis to calciphile obligate Solidago patula Solidago rugosa Sphagnum sp. Thalictrum dasycarpum Thelypteris palustris Tofieldia glutinosa calciphile obligate Triglochin maritima calciphile obligate Viola macloskeyi Shrubs Cornus amomum Cornus sericea to last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A9 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls

16 Physocarpus opulifolius to Potentilla fruticosa to high Rhamnus alnifolia Salix discolor Salix petiolaris Salix sericea Toxicodendron vernix BOG, tall shrub Aronia melanocarpa Bidens discoidea Bryophyte Calla palustris Carex canescens Carex intumescens Carex seorsa Cephalanthus occidentalis Cicuta bulbifera Dulichium arundinaceum Galium tinctorium Ilex verticillata Lysimachia ciliata Lysimachia thyrsiflora Maianthemum canadense Nyssa sylvatica Osmunda cinnamomea to Osmunda regalis to Polygonum arifolium Polygonum hydropiperoides to Populus heterophylla Quercus bicolor Quercus palustris Rosa palustris Rubus hispidus Salix bebbiana Salix discolor Salix sericea Sium suave Sphagnum sp. Thelypteris palustris Toxicodendron vernix Triadenum virginicum Trientalis borealis Vaccinium corymbosum last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A10 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls

17 Viburnum recognitum BOG, Tamarack-Hardwood Acer rubrum to Caltha palustris Carex atlantica var. atlantica Carex leptalea Carex trisperma Coptis trifolia Dryopteris carthusiana Fraxinus nigra Galium tinctorium Glyceria striata Huperzia lucidula Ilex verticillata Larix laricina Lysimachia terrestris Maianthemum canadense Mitchella repens Nyssa sylvatica Osmunda cinnamomea high Osmunda regalis Quercus bicolor to Rubus hispidus Rubus pubescens Sphagnum sp. Toxicodendron vernix Trientalis borealis Vaccinium corymbosum Viola blanda BOG, small kettle Aronia melanocarpa Carex atlantica var. atlantica Carex canescens Carex lasiocarpa Carex seorsa Cephalanthus occidentalis Dulichium arundinaceum Eriophorum virginicum Galium tinctorium Ilex verticillata Lysimachia thyrsiflora Menyanthes trifoliata Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda regalis last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A11 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls

18 Rubus hispidus Salix bebbiana Scirpus cyperinus Sphagnum sp. high Spiraea alba Toxicodendron vernix Vaccinium corymbosum Vaccinium macrocarpon Viburnum recognitum BOG, leatherleaf Calla palustris Carex canescens Carex oligosperma Chamaedaphne calyculata high Decodon verticillatus Eriophorum virginicum Larix laricina to Nuphar advena Osmunda cinnamomea Sphagnum sp. high Toxicodendron vernix Vaccinium corymbosum Woodwardia virginica to last revised 3/8/2007 jjm A12 characteristic_assemblages_for_wetland_restoration.xls